Harden Dingtian: authenticated binary relay + disable unused channels

Lock down the relay device for the flat (no-VLAN) network.

Relay control:
- pulseOpen/setRelay now use the Dingtian BINARY protocol (:60000) with a
  relay password — the only relay option with auth (string :60001 has none, and
  is kept only for the read-only status query). Frame verified on hardware.

HardenableDevice capability (driver harden()):
- set a random relay_pw (1-9999); disable unused channels (rs485/can/tcp x2/mqtt
  -> p:255), keeping UDP1 binary (control) + UDP2 string (status).
- write-verified (device reboots on apply).

Assign/Save flow now does: fix preconditions -> harden -> set up input push;
the relay password is stored in lane_devices so the runtime device can command
the relay.

DELIBERATELY NOT touching the device's HTTP CGI session check (session_en):
enabling it on this firmware breaks the config-READ API (ECONNRESET) and locked
the backend out — required a factory reset to recover. The open CGI API is
accepted as flat-network reality; the signed event log is the real guarantee.

Verified end to end on hardware: assign hardens + configures the device, config
API stays reachable, pulseOpen with the stored password fires the relay, without
it is rejected. wiki: device-input-flow + dingtian-relay updated.

apps/server/src/routes/setup.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   hasPreconditions,
   hasPushConfig,
   isDiscoverable,
+  isHardenable,
   registerBuiltinDrivers,
   registry,
   setDeviceLogSink,
@@ -139,8 +140,10 @@ export async function setupRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
       // Configure the device on save (before persisting, so we don't store a row
       // for a device we couldn't configure):
       //   1. fix preconditions (e.g. disable input_link_relay so a button press
-      //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first), and
+      //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first),
-      //   2. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
+      //   2. harden (relay password + disable unused protocol channels), and
+      //   3. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
+      // Each step is a device config write (the device reboots on apply).
       try {
         if (hasPreconditions(device)) {
           const fixed = await device.fixPreconditions();
@@ -152,6 +155,11 @@ export async function setupRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
           }
         }
 
+        if (isHardenable(device)) {
+          const { secrets } = await device.harden();
+          Object.assign(fullConfig, secrets); // e.g. relayPassword
+        }
+
         if (hasPushConfig(device)) {
           const host = String(config.host ?? "");
           const backendIp = backendIpForDevice(host);

packages/devices/src/drivers/access-dingtian.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
 import { createSocket } from "node:dgram";
 import { request as httpRequest } from "node:http";
 import type {
   AccessControlDevice,
   DeviceHealth,
+  HardenableDevice,
+  HardenResult,
   InputDevice,
   InputEvent,
   PreconditionDevice,
@@ -64,6 +67,89 @@ function udpRequest(
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Send a Dingtian *binary* protocol frame (UDP, default port 60000) and await
+ * the reply. Used for relay control because — unlike the string protocol — the
+ * binary protocol supports a password (`relay_pw`), so an attacker on a flat
+ * network can't fire a relay without it. Frame verified on hardware:
+ *
+ *   FF AA <session> <relayCmd> <pwLo> <pwHi> <data...>
+ *
+ *   FF        = command "set relay"
+ *   AA        = result xor (0x00 ^ 0xAA, pc→device)
+ *   session   = echoed back
+ *   relayCmd  = 1 write, 3 jogging, …
+ *   pwLo,pwHi = relay password, 16-bit LSB-first (0 = none)
+ *   data      = command-specific
+ */
+function binaryUdp(
+  host: string,
+  port: number,
+  frame: Buffer,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<Buffer> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const sock = createSocket("udp4");
+    let settled = false;
+    const done = (err: Error | null, val: Buffer | null) => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+      sock.close();
+      err ? reject(err) : resolve(val!);
+    };
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => done(new Error("timeout"), null), timeoutMs);
+    sock.on("error", (e) => done(e, null));
+    sock.on("message", (m) => done(null, m));
+    sock.bind(() => {
+      sock.send(frame, port, host, (e) => {
+        if (e) done(e, null);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+let binarySession = 0;
+/** Build a binary "write relay with jogging" frame (relay on, auto-off). */
+function jogFrame(channel: number, password: number, jogMs: number): Buffer {
+  const session = binarySession++ & 0xff;
+  // relay index + on/off: bit0 = on, bits1..7 = (channel-1)
+  const relayByte = (((channel - 1) & 0x7f) << 1) | 0x01;
+  const units = Math.max(1, Math.round(jogMs / 100)); // 100ms units
+  return Buffer.from([
+    0xff,
+    0xaa,
+    session,
+    0x03, // jogging
+    password & 0xff,
+    (password >> 8) & 0xff,
+    relayByte,
+    units & 0xff,
+    (units >> 8) & 0xff,
+  ]);
+}
+
+/** Build a binary "write relay" frame (latch on/off via mask+set). */
+function writeRelayFrame(channel: number, on: boolean, password: number, channels: number): Buffer {
+  const session = binarySession++ & 0xff;
+  const bit = 1 << (channel - 1);
+  const mask = bit; // only this channel updates
+  const set = on ? bit : 0;
+  // 4ch: mask + set are 1 byte each (bit0→relay1).
+  const widthBytes = channels <= 8 ? 1 : channels <= 16 ? 2 : channels <= 24 ? 3 : 4;
+  const maskBuf = Buffer.alloc(widthBytes);
+  const setBuf = Buffer.alloc(widthBytes);
+  maskBuf.writeUIntLE(mask, 0, widthBytes);
+  setBuf.writeUIntLE(set, 0, widthBytes);
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    Buffer.from([0xff, 0xaa, session, 0x01, password & 0xff, (password >> 8) & 0xff]),
+    maskBuf,
+    setBuf,
+  ]);
+}
+
+const rand16 = () => randomBytes(2).readUInt16BE(0);
+
 interface DingtianStatus {
   relays: boolean[]; // true = on
   inputs: boolean[]; // true = active (after resting-level normalisation)
@@ -85,12 +171,21 @@ function configApi(
   method: "GET" | "POST",
   body: string | null,
   timeoutMs: number,
+  sessionId?: number, // device session check: sent as Cookie: session=<id>
 ): Promise<string> {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     // The device's embedded HTTP server does NOT support chunked request bodies.
     // Node uses chunked encoding when Content-Length is absent, so the device
     // silently ignores the body (POST returns {"status":0} but nothing changes).
     // Always set Content-Length explicitly.
+    const headers: Record<string, string | number> = {};
+    if (body) {
+      headers["content-type"] = "application/json";
+      headers["content-length"] = Buffer.byteLength(body);
+    }
+    // When the device's HTTP session check is enabled, the CGI API requires a
+    // matching session cookie (a numeric magic id). See programming manual §3.8.
+    if (sessionId) headers["cookie"] = `session=${sessionId}`;
     const req = httpRequest(
       {
         host,
@@ -98,12 +193,7 @@ function configApi(
         path,
         method,
         timeout: timeoutMs,
-        headers: body
+        headers: Object.keys(headers).length ? headers : undefined,
-          ? {
-              "content-type": "application/json",
-              "content-length": Buffer.byteLength(body),
-            }
-          : undefined,
       },
       (res) => {
         let data = "";
@@ -123,11 +213,15 @@ class DingtianController
     AccessControlDevice,
     InputDevice,
     PreconditionDevice,
-    PushConfigurableDevice
+    PushConfigurableDevice,
+    HardenableDevice
 {
   readonly driverId = "dingtian";
   readonly #host: string;
-  readonly #port: number;
+  readonly #port: number; // string protocol (status read) — UDP 60001
+  readonly #binaryPort: number; // binary protocol (relay control) — UDP 60000
+  readonly #relayPassword: number; // relay_pw (0 = none)
+  readonly #sessionId: number; // device CGI session id (0 = session check off)
   readonly #httpPort: number;
   readonly #timeout: number;
   readonly #channels: number;
@@ -142,6 +236,9 @@ class DingtianController
   constructor(config: DeviceConfig) {
     this.#host = String(config.host);
     this.#port = config.port ? Number(config.port) : 60001;
+    this.#binaryPort = config.binaryPort ? Number(config.binaryPort) : 60000;
+    this.#relayPassword = config.relayPassword ? Number(config.relayPassword) : 0;
+    this.#sessionId = config.sessionId ? Number(config.sessionId) : 0;
     this.#httpPort = config.httpPort ? Number(config.httpPort) : 80;
     this.#timeout = config.timeoutMs ? Number(config.timeoutMs) : 2000;
     this.#channels = config.channels ? Number(config.channels) : 4;
@@ -170,19 +267,22 @@ class DingtianController
 
   // --- relay / barrier ----------------------------------------------------
 
-  /** Pulse a relay open (momentary). Channel is 1-based. Intent only. */
+  /**
+   * Pulse a relay open (momentary). Channel is 1-based. Intent only — the device
+   * jogs the relay ON then auto-releases after pulseMs, so we never time a close
+   * against a vehicle. Uses the binary protocol + relay password (authenticated).
+   */
   async pulseOpen(doorId: number): Promise<void> {
     this.#assertChannel(doorId);
-    // Jog/pulse: "{1}{ch}*{units}" — ON then auto-OFF after pulseMs.
+    const frame = jogFrame(doorId, this.#relayPassword, this.#pulseMs);
-    // units are 100ms each (5 = 500ms). Device self-releases the relay.
+    await binaryUdp(this.#host, this.#binaryPort, frame, this.#timeout);
-    const units = Math.max(1, Math.round(this.#pulseMs / 100));
-    await udpRequest(this.#host, this.#port, `1${doorId}*${units}`, this.#timeout, false);
   }
 
   /** Latch a relay on/off (e.g. for a held-open mode). Channel is 1-based. */
   async setRelay(doorId: number, on: boolean): Promise<void> {
     this.#assertChannel(doorId);
-    await udpRequest(this.#host, this.#port, `${on ? 1 : 2}${doorId}`, this.#timeout, false);
+    const frame = writeRelayFrame(doorId, on, this.#relayPassword, this.#channels);
+    await binaryUdp(this.#host, this.#binaryPort, frame, this.#timeout);
   }
 
   async getDoorStatus(doorId: number): Promise<"open" | "closed"> {
@@ -294,10 +394,64 @@ class DingtianController
     });
   }
 
+  // --- hardening ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Lock the device down for a flat (no-VLAN) network:
+   *  - set a random relay password (`relay_pw`) so binary relay commands need it,
+   *  - disable unused protocol channels (rs485/can/tcp×2/mqtt) — keep only UDP1
+   *    binary (relay control) and UDP2 string (status read).
+   * Returns the relay password for the backend to persist (required to keep
+   * commanding the device afterwards).
+   *
+   * NOTE: deliberately does NOT touch the device's HTTP CGI session check
+   * (`session_en`). On this firmware enabling it makes the config-read API drop
+   * connections, locking us out of the very API we depend on (verified the hard
+   * way — required a factory reset). So we leave the config API as-is and rely on
+   * relay_pw + fewer open channels + the signed event log.
+   *
+   * All are plaintext over HTTP/UDP on a flat network → defence-in-depth, not a
+   * boundary; the signed event log is the real guarantee. See device-input-flow.
+   */
+  async harden(): Promise<HardenResult> {
+    const cfg = await this.#readConfig();
+    const rc = cfg.relay_connect as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+    const relayPassword = 1 + (rand16() % 9999); // 1..9999 (0 = none)
+
+    rc.relay_pw = relayPassword;
+    // Keep UDP1=Binary (p:1) for relay control, UDP2=String (p:0) for status.
+    // Disable everything else (p:255 = None).
+    (rc.udp1 as Record<string, unknown>).p = 1;
+    (rc.udp2 as Record<string, unknown>).p = 0;
+    (rc.rs485 as Record<string, unknown>).p = 255;
+    (rc.can as Record<string, unknown>).p = 255;
+    (rc.tcpc as Record<string, unknown>).p = 255;
+    (rc.tcps as Record<string, unknown>).p = 255;
+    (rc.mqtt as Record<string, unknown>).p = 255;
+
+    await this.#writeConfig(cfg, (after) => {
+      const a = after.relay_connect as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+      return (
+        a?.relay_pw === relayPassword &&
+        (a?.rs485 as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.p === 255 &&
+        (a?.mqtt as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.p === 255
+      );
+    });
+
+    return {
+      secrets: { relayPassword },
+      applied: [
+        "set relay password",
+        "disabled rs485/can/tcp/mqtt channels (kept UDP binary + string)",
+      ],
+    };
+  }
+
   // --- config api internals ----------------------------------------------
 
   async #readConfig(): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
-    const raw = await configApi(this.#host, this.#httpPort, "/api/v2/config.cgi", "GET", null, this.#timeout);
+    const raw = await configApi(this.#host, this.#httpPort, "/api/v2/config.cgi", "GET", null, this.#timeout, this.#sessionId);
     return JSON.parse(raw) as Record<string, unknown>;
   }
 
@@ -329,7 +483,7 @@ class DingtianController
       // POST. The device resets on apply, so the connection may drop — that's
       // expected, not failure.
       try {
-        await configApi(this.#host, this.#httpPort, "/api/v2/config_set.cgi", "POST", payload, this.#timeout);
+        await configApi(this.#host, this.#httpPort, "/api/v2/config_set.cgi", "POST", payload, this.#timeout, this.#sessionId);
       } catch {
         // device likely reset on apply
       }
@@ -429,7 +583,8 @@ export const dingtianDriver: AccessDriver = {
   transports: ["udp"],
   configFields: [
     hostField,
-    { ...portField(60001), required: false, help: "Dingtian string protocol UDP port (default 60001)." },
+    { ...portField(60001), required: false, help: "Dingtian string protocol UDP port — status read (default 60001)." },
+    { key: "binaryPort", label: "Binary protocol port", type: "port", required: false, default: 60000, help: "Dingtian binary protocol UDP port — authenticated relay control (default 60000)." },
     { key: "httpPort", label: "HTTP config port", type: "port", required: false, default: 80, help: "Device web/config-API port (default 80)." },
     { key: "channels", label: "Channels (relays/inputs)", type: "number", required: true, default: 4 },
     {

packages/devices/src/interfaces.ts

@@ -126,6 +126,28 @@ export function hasPushConfig(
   return typeof (device as Partial<PushConfigurableDevice>).configureInputPush === "function";
 }
 
+// --- Hardening (lock the device down) ------------------------------------
+// Optional capability: a device that can be hardened against a flat (no-VLAN)
+// network — disable unused protocols/channels, set a relay password, and change
+// the default web/config login. Returns any secrets the backend must persist to
+// keep talking to the device. See wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md.
+export interface HardenableDevice {
+  harden(): Promise<HardenResult>;
+}
+
+export interface HardenResult {
+  /** Secrets to persist in lane_devices so the backend can keep operating the
+   *  device (relay password, new web login). The backend merges these into the
+   *  stored config. */
+  readonly secrets: Record<string, string | number>;
+  /** Human-readable summary of what was changed (for logging/UI). */
+  readonly applied: string[];
+}
+
+export function isHardenable(device: Device): device is Device & HardenableDevice {
+  return typeof (device as Partial<HardenableDevice>).harden === "function";
+}
+
 // --- Readers (RF / optical; TCP-IP or Wiegand) ---------------------------
 export interface ReaderDevice extends Device {
   /** Emits when a credential is read (card number, plate, QR payload, …). */

wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md

@@ -33,20 +33,39 @@ car arrives → driver presses button (input I_N, dry contact to GND)
 
 ## Trust model (important — flat network, no VLAN)
 
-The relay-control direction (host → device) is **unauthenticated UDP**, and the site is a **flat
+The site is a **flat network with no VLAN** ([[network-isolation]] is not yet enforceable here),
-network with no VLAN** ([[network-isolation]] is not yet enforceable here). So we do **not** trust
+so we do **not** trust the device or the network. Both directions now have defence-in-depth, but
-the device or the network. Instead:
+neither is the real boundary:
 
-- **Every barrier open is a host decision, recorded as a signed event BEFORE the relay fires**
+- **Relay control (host → device)** — UDP, now via the Dingtian **binary protocol on :60000 with a
-  ([[append-only-event-chain]]). If anyone opens the relay out-of-band (which the flat network
+  `relay_pw`** (the only authenticated relay option; the string protocol has none). Set on the
-  allows), there is **no matching signed event → a detectable anomaly**. The anti-fraud guarantee
+  device + stored in `lane_devices` by the harden step (below).
-  is the **signed log**, not device/network auth.
+- **Input push (device → host)** — guarded by **HTTP Digest auth** + a **source-IP allowlist**.
-- The inbound push endpoint is intentionally **not behind the SPA's cookie/CSRF auth** (it's a
+- **The real guarantee is the signed log:** every barrier open is a host decision, recorded as a
-  machine call from the device). It is guarded by **HTTP Digest auth** + a **source-IP allowlist**
+  signed event BEFORE the relay fires ([[append-only-event-chain]]). An out-of-band open (which a
-  (defence-in-depth), but these are *not* the security boundary.
+  flat network allows) has **no matching signed event → a detectable anomaly**. Device/network
+  auth is just speed bumps; both are plaintext over a sniffable network.
 - This sharpens under the [[autonomous-direction|unmanned]] roadmap: with no operator, tamper
   detection via the signed log matters more than perimeter auth.
 
+## Device hardening (on assign)
+
+The assign/Save step configures the device end-to-end (admin never touches the device web UI):
+fix preconditions (disable `input_link_relay`) → **harden** → set up input push. The `harden`
+capability ([[device-registry|HardenableDevice]]):
+
+- **Sets a random `relay_pw`** (1–9999) so binary relay commands need it; stores it in
+  `lane_devices` so the backend can keep commanding the relay.
+- **Disables unused protocol channels** (rs485, can, tcp×2, mqtt → `p:255`), keeping only UDP1
+  binary (relay control) + UDP2 string (status read) — fewer open doors.
+
+> **⚠️ Lesson (the hard way):** do **NOT** enable the device's HTTP CGI session check
+> (`session_en`). On this firmware (DT-R004) it makes the config-**read** API drop connections
+> (`ECONNRESET`), locking the backend out of the very API it depends on — it required a **factory
+> reset** to recover. The harden step deliberately leaves `session_en` off. The CGI config API
+> being open is accepted as part of the flat-network reality (the signed log is the guarantee);
+> the proper fix is network isolation, not this fragile device feature.
+
 ## Push authentication — Digest (decided by hardware testing)
 
 The secret must not be in the URL (sniffable, logged) and the password must not cross the wire in

wiki/entities/dingtian-relay.md

@@ -28,9 +28,14 @@ the ticket-first entry flow. See [[autonomous-direction]].
 Transport options: UDP/TCP string, UDP binary, HTTP CGI, Modbus, MQTT. We use **HTTP + UDP** —
 see [[dingtian-vs-mqtt]].
 
-- **Relay control — UDP ASCII, port 60001:** `1`+ch = ON, `2`+ch = OFF, `T`+ch = toggle.
+- **Relay control — UDP *binary*, port 60000 (authenticated):** the driver's `pulseOpen` sends a
-  Pulse/jog `11*` (default 500 ms), delay `11:30` (30 s then off), flash `11F5`. `X` = all relays.
+  binary "write relay with jogging" frame carrying the `relay_pw` (the only relay option with a
-  Intent-only pulse for a barrier = `pulseOpen` ([[barrier-not-a-door]]).
+  password). Frame (verified on hardware):
+  `FF AA <session> 03 <pwLo> <pwHi> <relayByte> <jogLo> <jogHi>` — relayByte bit0=on, bits1-7=
+  channel-1; jog is 100 ms units, LSB-first; password 16-bit LSB-first (0 = none). The relay jogs
+  ON then auto-releases, so we never time a close ([[barrier-not-a-door]]). *(The simpler string
+  protocol — `1`+ch on, `2`+ch off, `11*` jog — works too but has no auth; we use it only for the
+  read-only status query.)*
 - **Status / inputs — send `00`** → `「relays」:「inputs」:「count」`, e.g. **`0000:1111:4`** (4ch:
   relays off, inputs high). `0` = OFF/Low, `1` = ON/High. Poll-based.
 - **Input push — `input_link_url`:** device **HTTP POSTs to a host URL on input change** — the

wiki/log.md

@@ -174,3 +174,21 @@ button. Verified in-browser against the real device: Test shows ● ready +
 preconditions OK; Save persists the row AND writes the device's Input Link URL
 (push path matches the saved device id). Admin never logs into the device web UI.
 Updated [[first-run-setup]].
+
+## [2026-06-15] feature | Device hardening: binary relay + relay_pw + disable channels
+Hardened the Dingtian relay control for the flat (no-VLAN) network. Switched
+pulseOpen from the unauthenticated string protocol (:60001) to the **binary
+protocol (:60000) with a relay password** — the only authenticated relay option
+(frame verified on hardware: FF AA <sess> 03 <pwLE> <relayByte> <jogLE>). New
+HardenableDevice capability: harden() sets a random relay_pw + disables unused
+channels (rs485/can/tcp×2/mqtt → p:255, keep UDP binary+string). Folded into the
+assign/Save flow (preconditions → harden → push); relayPassword stored in
+lane_devices. Verified end to end: assign configures + hardens the device, config
+API stays reachable, pulseOpen with the stored password fires the relay, without
+it is rejected.
+
+⚠️ LESSON: enabling the device's HTTP CGI session check (session_en) on this
+firmware breaks the config-READ API (ECONNRESET) — locked us out, needed a FACTORY
+RESET to recover. harden() deliberately does NOT touch session_en. The open CGI
+API is accepted as flat-network reality; the signed log is the real guarantee.
+Recorded in [[device-input-flow]] + [[dingtian-relay]].