fix(auth): block privilege escalation via role/user management

The dynamic-RBAC management routes are themselves grantable (role:* and
user:*), so a non-admin holding them could self-escalate: edit their own
role to add a permission they lack, mint a privileged role, assign someone
the admin role, or reset/delete a more-privileged account. Found by the
commit security review (2× HIGH).

Fix — enforce the RBAC invariant "you cannot grant beyond yourself":
- roles.ts: role:create/update reject any permission not held by the caller
  (escalates()). An admin holds the full set, so it stays unrestricted.
- users.ts: user:create/update reject assigning a role whose permissions
  exceed the caller's; update/password-reset/delete reject acting on a user
  whose current role exceeds the caller's (exceedsCaller()).

The existing no-lockout + builtin-admin protections are unchanged.

Verified: 10-assertion inject test — manager (role:* + user:* but no
tariff:update, not admin) gets 403 on self-grant, minting a privileged role,
assigning/resetting/deleting an admin; admin stays unrestricted; the manager
can still create peers + in-scope roles (not over-blocked). Full build green.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Xcm6ikLgGoCxxHrxtjkk5V

.claude/settings.json

@@ -1,24 +1,5 @@
 {
   "hooks": {
-    "PreToolUse": [
+    "PreToolUse": []
-      {
-        "matcher": "Bash",
-        "hooks": [
-          {
-            "type": "command",
-            "command": "CMD=$(python3 -c \"import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(d.get('tool_input',d).get('command',''))\" 2>/dev/null || true); case \"$CMD\" in *grep*|*rg\\ *|*ripgrep*|*find\\ *|*fd\\ *|*ack\\ *|*ag\\ *)   [ -f graphify-out/graph.json ] &&   echo '{\"hookSpecificOutput\":{\"hookEventName\":\"PreToolUse\",\"additionalContext\":\"MANDATORY: graphify-out/graph.json exists. You MUST run `graphify query \\\"<question>\\\"` before grepping raw files. Only grep after graphify has oriented you, or to modify/debug specific lines.\"}}'   || true ;; esac"
-          }
-        ]
-      },
-      {
-        "matcher": "Read|Glob",
-        "hooks": [
-          {
-            "type": "command",
-            "command": "HIT=$(python3 -c \"import json,sys;d=json.load(sys.stdin);t=d.get('tool_input',d);s=(str(t.get('file_path') or '')+' '+str(t.get('pattern') or '')+' '+str(t.get('path') or '')).lower().replace(chr(92),'/');exts=('.py','.js','.ts','.tsx','.jsx','.go','.rs','.java','.rb','.c','.h','.cpp','.hpp','.cc','.cs','.kt','.swift','.php','.scala','.lua','.sh','.md','.rst','.txt','.mdx');sys.stdout.write('1' if 'graphify-out/' not in s and any(e in s for e in exts) else '')\" 2>/dev/null || true); if [ \"$HIT\" = 1 ] && [ -f graphify-out/graph.json ]; then echo '{\"hookSpecificOutput\":{\"hookEventName\":\"PreToolUse\",\"additionalContext\":\"MANDATORY: graphify-out/graph.json exists. You MUST run graphify before reading source files. Use: `graphify query \\\"<question>\\\"` (scoped subgraph), `graphify explain \\\"<concept>\\\"`, or `graphify path \\\"<A>\\\" \\\"<B>\\\"`. Only read raw files after graphify has oriented you, or to modify/debug specific lines. This rule applies to subagents too \u2014 include it in every subagent prompt involving code exploration.\"}}'; fi || true"
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    ]
   }
 }

.gitignore

@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ dist/
 
 # Graphify knowledge-graph output (dev tool; generated, not committed)
 graphify-out/
+parking.sqlite*.bak-*

CLAUDE.md

@@ -86,13 +86,3 @@ For the full reasoning behind each, follow the links from `wiki/overview.md`.
 
 - TypeScript throughout. Match the style of surrounding code.
 - Confirm before destructive or outward-facing actions. Commit/push only when asked.
-
-## graphify
-
-This project has a knowledge graph at graphify-out/ with god nodes, community structure, and cross-file relationships.
-
-Rules:
-- For codebase questions, first run `graphify query "<question>"` when graphify-out/graph.json exists. Use `graphify path "<A>" "<B>"` for relationships and `graphify explain "<concept>"` for focused concepts. These return a scoped subgraph, usually much smaller than GRAPH_REPORT.md or raw grep output.
-- If graphify-out/wiki/index.md exists, use it for broad navigation instead of raw source browsing.
-- Read graphify-out/GRAPH_REPORT.md only for broad architecture review or when query/path/explain do not surface enough context.
-- After modifying code, run `graphify update .` to keep the graph current (AST-only, no API cost).

apps/server/.env.example

@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 # Generate one with:  openssl rand -hex 32
 JWT_SECRET=
 
+# Dedicated HMAC key for signing the append-only event ledger (>=16 chars).
+# Generate with:  openssl rand -hex 32
+# If unset, the server falls back to JWT_SECRET (logged as a warning) — fine for
+# dev, but set a dedicated key before production. Events store the key that signed
+# them (keyId), so verifyChain still validates a chain that spans a key change.
+EVENT_SIGNING_KEY=
+
 # Optional ----------------------------------------------------------------
 # PORT=3000
 # HOST=0.0.0.0                 # interface to bind. 127.0.0.1 = loopback only.
@@ -18,3 +25,7 @@ JWT_SECRET=
 # First admin (seed once): pnpm --filter @parking/server seed-admin
 # ADMIN_USER=admin
 # ADMIN_PASS=
+
+# Comma-separated extra origins allowed to open the booth WebSocket (/api/ws).
+# In dev, set the Vite SPA origin. Same-origin is always allowed without this.
+WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=http://localhost:5173

apps/server/package.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "@fastify/cors": "11.2.0",
     "@fastify/jwt": "10.1.0",
     "@fastify/static": "9.1.3",
+    "@fastify/websocket": "^11.2.0",
     "@parking/db": "workspace:*",
     "@parking/devices": "workspace:*",
     "@parking/shared": "workspace:*",

apps/server/scripts/seed-admin.mjs

@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ if (existing && process.env.FORCE !== "1") {
 const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(password, 12);
 
 if (existing) {
-  await db.update(users).set({ passwordHash, role: "admin" }).where(eq(users.id, existing.id));
+  await db.update(users).set({ passwordHash, roleId: "admin" }).where(eq(users.id, existing.id));
   console.log(`reset password for admin "${username}"`);
 } else {
   await db.insert(users).values({
     id: randomUUID(),
     username,
     passwordHash,
-    role: "admin",
+    roleId: "admin",
   });
   console.log(`created admin "${username}"`);
 }

apps/server/src/auth.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
 import type { FastifyReply, FastifyRequest } from "fastify";
-import type { Role } from "@parking/shared";
+import { eq, rolePermissions, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { ADMIN_ROLE_ID, PERMISSIONS, type Permission } from "@parking/shared";
 
 // Local JWT auth helpers — fully local, no external identity provider
 // (offline-first). The JWT is carried in an HttpOnly cookie (JS can't read it);
 // a separate readable CSRF cookie + matching header defends mutations
 // (double-submit). See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
+//
+// Authorization is DYNAMIC RBAC: the token carries the user's `roleId`, and each
+// guarded route resolves that role's PERMISSION SET (cached in memory) and checks
+// the permission it requires. Editing a role takes effect on the next request —
+// no re-login, no token bloat, no stale perms. See @parking/shared PERMISSIONS.
 
 declare module "@fastify/jwt" {
   interface FastifyJWT {
-    payload: { sub: string; username: string; role: Role; csrf: string };
+    payload: { sub: string; username: string; roleId: string; csrf: string };
-    user: { sub: string; username: string; role: Role; csrf: string };
+    user: { sub: string; username: string; roleId: string; csrf: string };
   }
 }
 
@@ -96,17 +102,84 @@ function assertCsrf(req: FastifyRequest): void {
   }
 }
 
+// --- Permission resolution + cache -------------------------------------------
+// A role's permission set is read from `role_permissions` and cached in memory.
+// SQLite is single-writer/single-process here, so a module-level Map is a correct
+// cache: every role / role-permission mutation calls bumpPermsCache() to clear it,
+// and the next request re-reads. The built-in `admin` role always resolves to the
+// FULL permission set in code (never trusts the DB rows for it), so administration
+// can't be accidentally narrowed.
+
+const ADMIN_PERMS: ReadonlySet<Permission> = new Set(PERMISSIONS);
+const permsCache = new Map<string, ReadonlySet<Permission>>();
+
+// The DB handle the permission resolver reads from. Set ONCE at startup via
+// initAuth() so route guards don't each have to thread `db` (several route
+// modules only receive a monitor/service, not the db). Single-process server.
+let authDb: Db | null = null;
+
+/** Wire the permission resolver to the app's DB. Call once in buildServer(). */
+export function initAuth(db: Db): void {
+  authDb = db;
+  permsCache.clear();
+}
+
+/** Clear the permission cache. Call after ANY write to roles / role_permissions
+ *  (or a user's roleId) so the change takes effect on the next request. */
+export function bumpPermsCache(): void {
+  permsCache.clear();
+}
+
+/** The permission set for a role id, cached. `admin` is always the full set. */
+export function permissionsFor(roleId: string): ReadonlySet<Permission> {
+  if (roleId === ADMIN_ROLE_ID) return ADMIN_PERMS;
+  const hit = permsCache.get(roleId);
+  if (hit) return hit;
+  if (!authDb) throw new Error("auth not initialised (call initAuth)");
+  const rows = authDb
+    .select({ permission: rolePermissions.permission })
+    .from(rolePermissions)
+    .where(eq(rolePermissions.roleId, roleId))
+    .all();
+  const set = new Set(rows.map((r) => r.permission as Permission));
+  permsCache.set(roleId, set);
+  return set;
+}
+
+/** True if the role grants every listed permission. */
+export function roleHasPermissions(
+  roleId: string,
+  required: readonly Permission[],
+): boolean {
+  const granted = permissionsFor(roleId);
+  return required.every((p) => granted.has(p));
+}
+
 /**
- * preHandler role guard. Verifies the JWT (from the HttpOnly cookie), enforces
+ * preHandler permission guard. Verifies the JWT (from the HttpOnly cookie),
- * CSRF on mutations, then checks the role. Authorization is a simple per-route
+ * enforces CSRF on mutations, then requires the user's role to grant ALL of the
- * role check — no Casbin/RBAC engine needed at this scale.
+ * listed permissions. Authorization is a per-route permission check against the
+ * dynamic, admin-composed role grid — no Casbin/RBAC engine needed at this scale.
  */
-export function requireRole(...allowed: Role[]) {
+export function requirePermission(...required: Permission[]) {
   return async (req: FastifyRequest, _reply: FastifyReply) => {
     await req.jwtVerify(); // reads the token cookie (configured in server.ts)
     assertCsrf(req);
-    if (!req.user || !allowed.includes(req.user.role)) {
+    if (!req.user || !roleHasPermissions(req.user.roleId, required)) {
       throw Object.assign(new Error("forbidden"), { statusCode: 403 });
     }
   };
 }
+
+/**
+ * preHandler that requires a valid signed-in session but NO specific permission —
+ * for "about me" routes (/me, change own language) every authenticated user may
+ * call regardless of role. Still enforces CSRF on mutations.
+ */
+export async function requireAuth(
+  req: FastifyRequest,
+  _reply: FastifyReply,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await req.jwtVerify();
+  assertCsrf(req);
+}

apps/server/src/booth-print.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import { eq, ledgerEvents, siteConfig, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import {
+  printWithFailover,
+  registry,
+  type PrinterDevice,
+  type PrinterInstance,
+  type ReceiptData,
+  type TicketHeader,
+} from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import { devicesByDirection } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Booth-side printing for the EXIT VOUCHER ("biletë dalje"). When the booth is far
+// from the exit, the customer pays at the booth and walks a printed voucher to the
+// exit, where they self-scan it. The voucher reprints the SAME ticket id as a
+// Code128 barcode (now a paid session) — so the exit reader runs the normal exit
+// validation and opens. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md, ticket-encoding.md.
+//
+// This mirrors the entry flow's printer selection + header build, but prints on the
+// BOOTH printer (role "booth-receipt") since that's where the operator stands.
+
+/** Park identity for the voucher header, from site_config (all fields optional). */
+function ticketHeader(db: Db): TicketHeader | undefined {
+  const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+  if (!row) return undefined;
+  return {
+    parkName: row.parkName,
+    operatorName: row.operatorName,
+    nius: row.nius,
+    address: row.address,
+    phone: row.phone,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Build live printer instances for failover selection (entry direction covers the
+ *  booth-receipt role too — the booth printer is configured on the entry side). */
+function loadPrinters(db: Db): PrinterInstance[] {
+  const rows = devicesByDirection(db, "printer", "entry");
+  const out: PrinterInstance[] = [];
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) continue;
+    const cfg = row.config as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const role = cfg.role === "booth-receipt" ? "booth-receipt" : "entry-dispenser";
+    try {
+      out.push({
+        id: row.id,
+        role,
+        failoverRank: typeof cfg.failoverRank === "number" ? cfg.failoverRank : 0,
+        device: driver.create(cfg as never) as PrinterDevice,
+      });
+    } catch {
+      // skip a printer whose config won't build
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** The receipt figures for a paid session, folded from the SIGNED ledger
+ *  (authoritative). Null if there's no entry or no payment for this id — the
+ *  caller should have validated paid + open before printing. */
+function receiptFigures(
+  db: Db,
+  ticketId: string,
+): Omit<ReceiptData, "voucher" | "header"> | null {
+  const rows = db
+    .select()
+    .from(ledgerEvents)
+    .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, ticketId))
+    .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+    .all();
+  const entry = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry");
+  if (!entry) return null;
+  // The LATEST payment is the one we receipt (an overstay top-up re-pays).
+  let payment: (typeof rows)[number] | undefined;
+  for (const r of rows) if (r.type === "payment") payment = r;
+  if (!payment) return null;
+  const p = (payment.payload ?? {}) as {
+    amountMinor?: number;
+    currency?: string;
+    tender?: "cash" | "card";
+    graceExitMin?: number;
+  };
+  return {
+    ticketId,
+    enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
+    paidAt: payment.occurredAt,
+    amountMinor: typeof p.amountMinor === "number" ? p.amountMinor : 0,
+    currency: p.currency ?? "ALL",
+    tender: p.tender === "card" ? "card" : "cash",
+    graceExitMin: typeof p.graceExitMin === "number" ? p.graceExitMin : null,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print a PAYMENT RECEIPT for a paid session on the booth printer (failing over
+ * to the entry dispenser). The receipt is the customer's transparency record:
+ * entry time, payment time, duration, amount + tender — folded from the signed
+ * ledger. In VOUCHER mode it also carries the scannable ticket-id barcode + the
+ * walk-back grace, so the one slip both proves payment AND self-exits at a
+ * distant exit reader (this replaces the old barcode-only voucher). In standalone
+ * mode (`voucher:false`) it is detail-only, printed at payment when the booth is
+ * at the exit. Returns the id of the printer that printed it.
+ * Throws NoPrinterAvailableError if none can; throws if the session isn't payable.
+ */
+export async function printPaymentReceipt(
+  db: Db,
+  ticketId: string,
+  opts: { voucher: boolean },
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const figures = receiptFigures(db, ticketId);
+  if (!figures) {
+    throw new Error(`no paid session to receipt for ${ticketId}`);
+  }
+  const printers = loadPrinters(db);
+  const data: ReceiptData = {
+    ...figures,
+    voucher: opts.voucher,
+    header: ticketHeader(db),
+  };
+  // Prefer the booth printer (operator is at the booth); fall back to the dispenser.
+  const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "booth-receipt", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
+    d.printReceipt(data),
+  );
+  logger.info(
+    `${opts.voucher ? "exit voucher" : "payment receipt"} for ${ticketId} printed on ${printedBy}`,
+  );
+  return printedBy;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print a SUBSCRIPTION CARD on the booth printer (failing over to the dispenser):
+ * a scannable QR of the credential code + holder/validity, so the operator can hand
+ * it to the customer. Used on subscription creation and on a "reprint" action.
+ * Returns the printer that printed it; throws NoPrinterAvailableError if none can.
+ */
+export async function printSubscriptionCard(
+  db: Db,
+  card: { code: string; holderName?: string | null; validFrom?: string | null; validTo?: string | null },
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const printers = loadPrinters(db);
+  const data = {
+    code: card.code,
+    holderName: card.holderName ?? null,
+    validFrom: card.validFrom ?? null,
+    validTo: card.validTo ?? null,
+    header: ticketHeader(db),
+  };
+  const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "booth-receipt", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
+    d.printSubscriptionCard(data),
+  );
+  logger.info(`subscription card ${card.code} printed on ${printedBy}`);
+  return printedBy;
+}

apps/server/src/credential-capture.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Credential capture ("enroll a card"): lets an operator present a physical RFID
+// card/chip (or a QR) to ONE chosen reader and have its value captured for a
+// subscription credential, instead of typing it. SINGLE-SHOT + short TTL so the
+// chosen reader is only "borrowed" for one read / a few seconds; the OTHER reader is
+// never affected and keeps serving the live entry/exit flow.
+//
+// Flow: arm(deviceId) → the reader route checks tryConsume() on each read; the next
+// read from that armed reader is captured (NOT dispatched to the access flow — the
+// barrier must not open for a card being enrolled) and capture auto-disarms. The
+// booth form polls result() until the value appears (or it times out / is cancelled).
+//
+// In-memory + single-site single-writer (one booth) → no DB, no cross-process
+// concerns. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+const CAPTURE_TTL_MS = Number(process.env.CAPTURE_TTL_MS ?? 30_000);
+
+export type CaptureState =
+  | { status: "idle" }
+  | { status: "armed"; deviceId: string; armedAt: number; expiresAt: number }
+  | { status: "captured"; deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number }
+  | { status: "expired"; deviceId: string };
+
+export class CredentialCapture {
+  #armedDeviceId: string | null = null;
+  #expiresAt = 0;
+  #captured: { deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number } | null = null;
+  #lastExpiredDeviceId: string | null = null;
+
+  /** Arm a single-shot capture on one reader (by its `devices.id`). Replaces any
+   *  prior arming (only one capture at a time). Clears a stale captured/expired
+   *  result so the form starts fresh. */
+  arm(deviceId: string): { expiresAt: number } {
+    this.#armedDeviceId = deviceId;
+    this.#expiresAt = Date.now() + CAPTURE_TTL_MS;
+    this.#captured = null;
+    this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = null;
+    return { expiresAt: this.#expiresAt };
+  }
+
+  /** Cancel any pending arming (operator closed the form / clicked cancel). */
+  cancel(): void {
+    this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+    this.#expiresAt = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called by the reader route on EVERY read. If this reader is the armed one (and
+   * not expired), capture the value, disarm, and return true → the caller must NOT
+   * dispatch this read to the access flow. Otherwise false → dispatch normally.
+   */
+  tryConsume(deviceId: string, value: string): boolean {
+    if (this.#armedDeviceId == null) return false;
+    if (Date.now() > this.#expiresAt) {
+      // Window lapsed before a card was presented — disarm, mark expired.
+      this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = this.#armedDeviceId;
+      this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+      this.#expiresAt = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (deviceId !== this.#armedDeviceId) return false; // a read from the OTHER reader
+    if (!value) return false;
+    this.#captured = { deviceId, value, capturedAt: Date.now() };
+    this.#armedDeviceId = null; // single-shot
+    this.#expiresAt = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Current state for the booth form's poll. Lazily transitions armed→expired. */
+  state(): CaptureState {
+    if (this.#captured) return { status: "captured", ...this.#captured };
+    if (this.#armedDeviceId != null) {
+      if (Date.now() > this.#expiresAt) {
+        this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = this.#armedDeviceId;
+        this.#armedDeviceId = null;
+        this.#expiresAt = 0;
+        return { status: "expired", deviceId: this.#lastExpiredDeviceId };
+      }
+      return { status: "armed", deviceId: this.#armedDeviceId, armedAt: this.#expiresAt - CAPTURE_TTL_MS, expiresAt: this.#expiresAt };
+    }
+    if (this.#lastExpiredDeviceId) return { status: "expired", deviceId: this.#lastExpiredDeviceId };
+    return { status: "idle" };
+  }
+
+  /** Clear a consumed/expired result once the form has read it. */
+  clear(): void {
+    this.#captured = null;
+    this.#lastExpiredDeviceId = null;
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/device-events.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
 import type { PrinterStatus } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { LedgerEventRow } from "@parking/db";
 
 // Internal event bus for device-originated events (button presses, etc.).
 // Hardware drivers / inbound device pushes emit here; business logic (entry
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ export interface DeviceInputEvent {
 }
 
 // A credential read: a ticket scanned at exit, a plate from LPR, a card at a reader.
-// Drives identity-based flows (exit validation, permits, pay-station lookup). `kind`
+// Drives identity-based flows (exit validation, subscriptions, pay-station lookup). `kind`
 // mirrors IdentitySource. See parking-session.md.
 export interface DeviceReadEvent {
   readonly driverId: string;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ export interface DeviceReadEvent {
 export interface ReadOutcome {
   /** Was the vehicle admitted/exited (barrier opened)? Drives the reader's beep. */
   readonly accepted: boolean;
-  /** Which way it went, when known (permit/exit infer this). */
+  /** Which way it went, when known (subscription/exit infer this). */
   readonly direction?: "entry" | "exit";
   /** Human-readable reason (for logs / the reader UI), esp. on reject. */
   readonly reason?: string;
@@ -48,6 +49,33 @@ export interface PrinterStatusEvent {
   readonly status: PrinterStatus;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The unified live status of ANY configured device — what the booth footer shows.
+ * Every enabled device is polled: printers via their rich `readStatus()`
+ * (paper/cover/cutter), all other categories via the generic `healthCheck()`
+ * reachability probe. `state` is the common traffic-light; `detail` carries the
+ * human summary (e.g. "paper out", or an unreachable error). See device-monitor.ts
+ * and wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md.
+ */
+export interface DeviceStatusEvent {
+  readonly deviceId: string; // devices id
+  readonly driverId: string;
+  readonly category: "access" | "reader" | "camera" | "printer";
+  /**
+   * The device's ROLE descriptor for the footer label — NOT the vendor. A
+   * direction-style token the client localises and pairs with the category, so the
+   * chip reads e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje" / "Kamera dalje" / "Printer kabina":
+   *   - reader/camera: "entry" | "exit" | "both" (inherited from its bound relay)
+   *   - access:        "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" (from its relays[])
+   *   - printer:       "lane" (entry-dispenser) | "booth" (booth-receipt)
+   *   - undetermined:  null (chip shows the category alone)
+   */
+  readonly roleKind: "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" | "lane" | "booth" | null;
+  readonly state: "ready" | "degraded" | "offline";
+  readonly detail?: string;
+  readonly checkedAt: string; // ISO-8601
+}
+
 class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
   emitInput(event: DeviceInputEvent): void {
     this.emit("input", event);
@@ -74,6 +102,32 @@ class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
     this.on("printer-status", cb);
     return () => this.off("printer-status", cb);
   }
+
+  /** Emitted by the device monitor whenever ANY device's unified status CHANGES
+   *  (all categories — relays, readers, cameras, printers). Drives the booth
+   *  device-status footer over the WS. */
+  emitDeviceStatus(event: DeviceStatusEvent): void {
+    this.emit("device-status", event);
+  }
+  onDeviceStatus(cb: (event: DeviceStatusEvent) => void): () => void {
+    this.on("device-status", cb);
+    return () => this.off("device-status", cb);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emitted AFTER a signed business event is appended to the ledger (entry, exit,
+   * payment, void, …). The payload is the persisted row — business facts only, no
+   * secrets — so it is safe to fan out to authenticated booth clients over the WS.
+   * This is a read-side notification ONLY: it never feeds back into append/sign/
+   * chain logic. See event-log.ts (emitted from EventLog.append) and routes/ws.ts.
+   */
+  emitLedger(event: LedgerEventRow): void {
+    this.emit("ledger", event);
+  }
+  onLedger(cb: (event: LedgerEventRow) => void): () => void {
+    this.on("ledger", cb);
+    return () => this.off("ledger", cb);
+  }
 }
 
 /** Process-wide device event bus. */

apps/server/src/device-monitor.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import { devices, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { isMonitorable, registry } from "@parking/devices";
+import { deviceEvents, type DeviceStatusEvent } from "./device-events.js";
+import { directionOf, relaysOf } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Unified live DEVICE monitor — the source for the booth's device-status footer.
+// Every enabled, configured device is probed on an interval, regardless of
+// category: a printer via its rich readStatus() (paper/cover/cutter — reusing the
+// same capability the PrinterMonitor uses), and a relay/reader/camera via the
+// generic healthCheck() reachability probe every Device implements. The result is
+// flattened to a common traffic-light (ready | degraded | offline) + a detail
+// string, cached per device id, and emitted on the bus ONLY when it changes.
+//
+// This is device-agnostic (talks to the adapter interfaces, never a driver SDK)
+// and read-only — polling a device never drives a relay or mutates the ledger.
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, printer-status-monitoring.md.
+
+const POLL_MS = Number(process.env.DEVICE_POLL_MS ?? 8000);
+
+/**
+ * The device's ROLE descriptor for the footer (never the vendor). Direction-style
+ * tokens the client localises next to the category:
+ *   - reader/camera → the direction inherited from its bound relay (entry/exit/both)
+ *   - access        → entry/exit/both from its relays[]; "mixed" if it spans more
+ *                     than one direction; null if it declares none yet
+ *   - printer       → "lane" (entry-dispenser) | "booth" (booth-receipt)
+ */
+function roleKindOf(db: Db, row: DeviceRow): DeviceStatusEvent["roleKind"] {
+  switch (row.category) {
+    case "reader":
+    case "camera": {
+      const d = directionOf(db, row); // entry | exit | both
+      return d;
+    }
+    case "access": {
+      const dirs = new Set(relaysOf(row).map((r) => r.direction));
+      if (dirs.size === 0) return null;
+      if (dirs.size > 1) return "mixed";
+      const only = [...dirs][0]; // entry | exit | both
+      return only ?? null;
+    }
+    case "printer": {
+      const role = (row.config as { role?: string }).role;
+      if (role === "booth-receipt") return "booth";
+      if (role === "entry-dispenser") return "lane";
+      return null;
+    }
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export class DeviceMonitor {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #pollMs: number;
+  /** Latest unified status per device id. */
+  readonly #latest = new Map<string, DeviceStatusEvent>();
+  #timer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+  #ticking = false;
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: FastifyBaseLogger, pollMs = POLL_MS) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#pollMs = pollMs;
+  }
+
+  /** Begin polling. Idempotent. */
+  start(): void {
+    if (this.#timer) return;
+    void this.#tick(); // immediate first pass so the footer fills without a wait
+    this.#timer = setInterval(() => void this.#tick(), this.#pollMs);
+    this.#timer.unref?.();
+    this.#log.info(`device-monitor: polling every ${this.#pollMs}ms`);
+  }
+
+  stop(): void {
+    if (this.#timer) {
+      clearInterval(this.#timer);
+      this.#timer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Current snapshot for the API / a freshly-connected WS client. */
+  snapshot(): DeviceStatusEvent[] {
+    return [...this.#latest.values()];
+  }
+
+  async #tick(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#ticking) return; // never overlap polls
+    this.#ticking = true;
+    try {
+      // Re-read the device set each tick so a newly-assigned/removed device is
+      // picked up without a restart.
+      const rows = await this.#db.select().from(devices).all();
+      const enabled = rows.filter((r) => r.enabled);
+      const present = new Set(enabled.map((r) => r.id));
+
+      // Drop devices that are gone/disabled (so the footer doesn't show stale ones).
+      for (const id of [...this.#latest.keys()]) {
+        if (!present.has(id)) this.#latest.delete(id);
+      }
+
+      await Promise.all(enabled.map((r) => this.#poll(r)));
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#log.warn(`device-monitor tick failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    } finally {
+      this.#ticking = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #poll(row: DeviceRow): Promise<void> {
+    const cfg = (row.config ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const base = {
+      deviceId: row.id,
+      driverId: row.driverId,
+      category: row.category,
+      roleKind: roleKindOf(this.#db, row),
+    };
+
+    let next: DeviceStatusEvent;
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) {
+      // Configured against a driver that's no longer registered — surface it,
+      // don't silently hide it.
+      next = { ...base, state: "offline", detail: "driver not registered", checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+    } else {
+      try {
+        const device = driver.create(cfg as never);
+        // Printers expose richer paper/cover/cutter status; everything else uses
+        // the generic reachability probe. Both flatten to the same traffic-light.
+        if (isMonitorable(device)) {
+          const s = await device.readStatus();
+          next = { ...base, state: s.status, detail: s.detail, checkedAt: s.checkedAt };
+        } else {
+          const h = await device.healthCheck();
+          next = { ...base, state: h.status, detail: h.detail, checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        // A probe that throws (build error, timeout) reads as offline — never crash
+        // the tick, and fail toward "there's a problem" rather than false-healthy.
+        next = { ...base, state: "offline", detail: (err as Error).message, checkedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+      }
+    }
+
+    const prev = this.#latest.get(row.id);
+    this.#latest.set(row.id, next);
+    if (!prev || prev.state !== next.state || prev.detail !== next.detail) {
+      this.#log.info(
+        `device-monitor: ${next.category}/${next.roleKind ?? "—"} ${row.id} -> ${next.state}${next.detail ? ` (${next.detail})` : ""}`,
+      );
+      deviceEvents.emitDeviceStatus(next);
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/entry-flow.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { randomInt } from "node:crypto";
-import { sessions, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { eq, sessions, siteConfig, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
 import {
   NoPrinterAvailableError,
   printWithFailover,
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ import {
   type PrinterDevice,
   type PrinterInstance,
   type TicketData,
+  type TicketHeader,
 } from "@parking/devices";
+import { DEFAULT_VEHICLE_CATEGORY } from "@parking/shared";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { DeviceInputEvent } from "./device-events.js";
 import { getOccupancy } from "./occupancy.js";
@@ -72,9 +74,9 @@ export class EntryFlow {
 
   async #runEntry(resolved: ResolvedRelay): Promise<void> {
     // CAPACITY GATE (transient only). When the lot is full, refuse transient entry:
-    // no ticket, no vehicle_entry, no open — sign an anomaly. Permit holders are NOT
+    // no ticket, no vehicle_entry, no open — sign an anomaly. Subscribers are NOT
     // gated here (their flow ignores site-full; their own maxConcurrent applies), so
-    // subscribers aren't locked out. "Full" is a soft policy seam for valet over-
+    // they aren't locked out. "Full" is a soft policy seam for valet over-
     // capacity later. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
     const occ = getOccupancy(this.#db);
     if (occ.full) {
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ export class EntryFlow {
     const printers = this.#loadPrinters();
 
     // 1. PRINT FIRST. The ticket is the transient's session key — no ticket, no entry.
-    const ticket: TicketData = { ticketId, issuedAt };
+    const ticket: TicketData = { ticketId, issuedAt, header: this.#ticketHeader() };
     try {
       const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "entry-dispenser", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
         d.printTicket(ticket),
@@ -112,12 +114,24 @@ export class EntryFlow {
     }
 
     // 2. SIGN the vehicle_entry — BEFORE the relay fires (the core invariant).
+    //    `category` is FROZEN here (in the signed payload) so the tariff prices and
+    //    later reprices the same way at exit. Today every transient takes the SITE
+    //    default category (operator policy, site_config.default_vehicle_category;
+    //    falls back to the shared DEFAULT_VEHICLE_CATEGORY). Per-relay capture (a
+    //    "bus lane" relay, mirroring how direction is per-relay in device-resolve.ts)
+    //    is the future seam — source it from `resolved` then. A V1/no-category tariff
+    //    ignores it; only V2 category cards consult it.
+    const cfg = this.#db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    const category =
+      cfg?.defaultVehicleCategory && cfg.defaultVehicleCategory.length > 0
+        ? cfg.defaultVehicleCategory
+        : DEFAULT_VEHICLE_CATEGORY;
     await this.#log.append({
       type: "vehicle_entry",
       direction: "entry",
       source: "ticket",
       identity: ticketId,
-      payload: { sessionRef: ticketId, ticketPrinted: true },
+      payload: { sessionRef: ticketId, ticketPrinted: true, category },
       occurredAt: issuedAt,
     });
 
@@ -182,9 +196,67 @@ export class EntryFlow {
     }
     return out;
   }
+
+  /** Park identity for the ticket header, from site_config (all fields optional;
+   *  the driver prints only what's set). See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md. */
+  #ticketHeader(): TicketHeader | undefined {
+    const row = this.#db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    if (!row) return undefined;
+    return {
+      parkName: row.parkName,
+      operatorName: row.operatorName,
+      nius: row.nius,
+      address: row.address,
+      phone: row.phone,
+    };
+  }
 }
 
-/** Opaque, unguessable transient ticket id (wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md). */
+/**
+ * Opaque, unguessable transient ticket id (wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md).
+ *
+ * Format: 13 digits = 12 cryptographically-random digits + 1 trailing Luhn check
+ * digit. All-numeric so the booth can read it on ANY legacy 1D barcode scanner and
+ * an operator can hand-key it if every reader is down. RANDOM (not sequential): the
+ * id must stay unguessable so an attacker can't iterate to claim a cheaper session
+ * — the anti-fraud property the wiki settles. 12 random digits = 10^12 space, so
+ * collisions are negligible at lot scale; the unique constraints on
+ * ledger_events.index / sessions.id are the backstop. The Luhn digit lets a manual
+ * entry reject a typo (validateTicketCode) instead of failing as "session not found".
+ */
 function newTicketId(): string {
-  return `T-${randomUUID()}`;
+  let body = "";
+  for (let i = 0; i < 12; i += 1) body += String(randomInt(10));
+  return body + luhnCheckDigit(body);
+}
+
+/** The Luhn (mod-10) check digit for an all-digit string. */
+function luhnCheckDigit(digits: string): string {
+  let sum = 0;
+  // Walk right-to-left; the check digit sits at position 0 from the right, so the
+  // last body digit is an "even" position that gets doubled.
+  let double = true;
+  for (let i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
+    let d = digits.charCodeAt(i) - 48;
+    if (double) {
+      d *= 2;
+      if (d > 9) d -= 9;
+    }
+    sum += d;
+    double = !double;
+  }
+  return String((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10);
+}
+
+/**
+ * True if `code` is a well-formed ticket code: all digits and a valid Luhn checksum.
+ * Lets a manual-entry path (operator types the code off the ticket when readers are
+ * down) reject a typo up front. A scanned/looked-up id that predates this format
+ * (e.g. legacy `T-<uuid>`) won't pass — callers should only gate MANUAL entry on it,
+ * never reject an id that already exists in the ledger. See ticket-encoding.md.
+ */
+export function validateTicketCode(code: string): boolean {
+  if (!/^\d{13}$/.test(code)) return false;
+  const body = code.slice(0, 12);
+  return luhnCheckDigit(body) === code[12];
 }

apps/server/src/event-log.ts

@@ -81,15 +81,34 @@ export function hashEvent(canonical: string): string {
   return createHash("sha256").update(canonical, "utf8").digest("hex");
 }
 
+/** Resolve a verifier for an event's stored `keyId` (see signer.buildVerifier).
+ *  Returns undefined when the key that signed an event is not available. */
+export type SignerResolver = (keyId: string) => Signer | undefined;
+
 export class EventLog {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #signer: Signer;
+  /** Picks the verifying signer per event keyId; lets a chain span key rotations
+   *  (JWT-fallback → dedicated key → ATECC608). Defaults to the append signer for
+   *  callers that don't pass one (single-key chains, tests). */
+  readonly #resolveVerifier: SignerResolver;
+  /** Optional read-side notification, fired AFTER a row is durably inserted. Used
+   *  to fan the event out to live booth clients (WS). It is best-effort and must
+   *  NOT influence the append/sign/chain path — a throwing/absent sink is ignored. */
+  readonly #onAppended?: (row: LedgerEventRow) => void;
   /** Serialize appends: each waits for the previous to finish. */
   #tail: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve();
 
-  constructor(db: Db, signer: Signer) {
+  constructor(
+    db: Db,
+    signer: Signer,
+    resolveVerifier?: SignerResolver,
+    onAppended?: (row: LedgerEventRow) => void,
+  ) {
     this.#db = db;
     this.#signer = signer;
+    this.#resolveVerifier = resolveVerifier ?? (() => signer);
+    this.#onAppended = onAppended;
   }
 
   /** Append one event to the chain. Returns the persisted row. Serialized. */
@@ -97,7 +116,16 @@ export class EventLog {
     const run = this.#tail.then(() => this.#appendNow(input));
     // Keep the chain going even if one append rejects (don't wedge the lock).
     this.#tail = run.catch(() => undefined);
-    return run;
+    // Read-side notification, AFTER the row is durably written. Wrapped so a
+    // failing sink can never reject the append or break the chain lock above.
+    return run.then((row) => {
+      try {
+        this.#onAppended?.(row);
+      } catch {
+        // best-effort fan-out only — swallow.
+      }
+      return row;
+    });
   }
 
   #appendNow(input: AppendInput): LedgerEventRow {
@@ -146,7 +174,13 @@ export class EventLog {
    * Walk the chain oldest→newest and recompute hashes + signatures. Returns the
    * first detected break, or { ok: true }. This is what reconciliation and an
    * integrity self-check call. Catches: tampered content, reordering, a deleted
-   * row (index gap), and a forged/invalid signature.
+   * row (index gap), a forged/invalid signature, and an event signed under a key
+   * that is no longer configured.
+   *
+   * Each row is verified against the signer for ITS OWN `keyId`, not the current
+   * append signer — so a chain that spans a key rotation (e.g. early events under
+   * the JWT_SECRET fallback, later ones under a dedicated EVENT_SIGNING_KEY) still
+   * verifies end to end. See signer.buildVerifier.
    */
   verifyChain(): { ok: true } | { ok: false; index: number; reason: string } {
     const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
@@ -159,8 +193,16 @@ export class EventLog {
       if ((row.prevHash ?? null) !== prevHash) {
         return { ok: false, index: row.index, reason: "prevHash does not match chain" };
       }
+      const verifier = this.#resolveVerifier(row.keyId);
+      if (!verifier) {
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          index: row.index,
+          reason: `no signer for keyId "${row.keyId}" (key not configured)`,
+        };
+      }
       const canonical = canonicalize(row);
-      if (!this.#signer.verify(canonical, row.signature)) {
+      if (!verifier.verify(canonical, row.signature)) {
         return { ok: false, index: row.index, reason: "signature invalid (content tampered or wrong key)" };
       }
       prevHash = hashEvent(canonical);

apps/server/src/exit-flow.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import { eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
 import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
-import type { ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { firstRelayByDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
 import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
-import type { LedgerPayload } from "@parking/shared";
+import { computeFee, type LedgerPayload, type TariffStructure } from "@parking/shared";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
 import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
@@ -30,9 +30,32 @@ interface SessionView {
   readonly enteredAt: string;
   readonly open: boolean; // no vehicle_exit yet
   readonly paidAt: string | null; // latest payment time, if any
+  /** A SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid; entry payload permit:true). Authorized to
+   *  exit / re-open without a `payment`. */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
   readonly graceExitMin: number | null; // from the payment's tariff context, if known
+  // Within the FREE entry-grace window (a quick in-and-out that the tariff prices at
+  // 0). When true the exit opens without a pay-station visit — we mint a $0 payment so
+  // the ledger's "an exit is covered by a payment" invariant still holds. Null when no
+  // active tariff resolves (then we fall back to the normal paid check).
+  readonly freeGrace: { tariffVersionId: string; currency: string; graceExitMin: number } | null;
 }
 
+/** Result of a booth-driven exit (POST /api/exit). `ok=false` = validation rejected
+ *  (nothing signed beyond an anomaly). `ok=true, opened=false` = exit IS signed but
+ *  the barrier didn't open (payment stands; operator opens manually). */
+export type BoothExitResult =
+  | { ok: false; status: "invalid" | "no_session" | "closed" | "unpaid" | "grace_expired"; reason: string }
+  | { ok: true; opened: true }
+  | { ok: true; opened: false; reason: string };
+
+/** Result of a human-intervention barrier re-open (POST /api/barrier/reopen).
+ *  `ok=false` = refused (no session / unpaid). `ok=true, opened=false` = the
+ *  intervention was recorded (signed anomaly) but the relay did not fire. */
+export type BoothReopenResult =
+  | { ok: false; reason: string }
+  | { ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string };
+
 export class ExitFlow {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #log: EventLog;
@@ -45,8 +68,189 @@ export class ExitFlow {
     this.#logger = logger;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * BOOTH-driven exit: the operator (not a reader at the lane) opens the barrier for
+   * a ticket. Runs the SAME validation as the reader path — there is no booth-only
+   * bypass that admits an unpaid car (see wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md +
+   * threat-model.md). On a valid session it signs vehicle_exit, resolves AN exit
+   * relay site-wide, pulses it, and fires the exit snapshot.
+   *
+   * Returns a discriminated result so the route can react precisely:
+   *  - { ok: false, status } when validation rejects (unpaid / no session / closed)
+   *    — nothing is signed beyond the existing anomaly; the operator takes payment.
+   *  - { ok: true, opened: true } on a clean exit.
+   *  - { ok: true, opened: false } when the exit IS signed but the relay open FAILED
+   *    (offline controller / no exit relay). The signed payment + vehicle_exit STAND
+   *    (money was taken, the car is owed an exit) and an `anomaly` is appended so the
+   *    operator opens manually. Payment is never rolled back.
+   */
+  async exitForBooth(identity: string): Promise<BoothExitResult> {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    if (!id) return { ok: false, status: "invalid", reason: "ticket id required" };
+
+    const key = `booth:${id}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { ok: false, status: "invalid", reason: "exit already in progress" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      const view = this.#sessionFor(id);
+
+      // No open session — unknown/closed ticket. Sign an anomaly (same as the reader
+      // path) so a booth attempt on a bad ticket is auditable.
+      if (!view || !view.open) {
+        const reason = view ? "exit refused — session already closed" : "exit refused — no open session for ticket";
+        await this.#log.append({ type: "anomaly", identity: id, payload: { reason, exitRefused: true, source: "booth" } });
+        this.#logger.warn(`booth exit refused (${id}): ${reason}`);
+        return { ok: false, status: view ? "closed" : "no_session", reason };
+      }
+
+      // PAID + within grace, OR free entry-grace — the same checks the reader uses.
+      const freeGrace = view.paidAt == null && view.freeGrace != null;
+      const paid = view.paidAt != null;
+      const withinGrace =
+        paid && view.graceExitMin != null && Date.now() - Date.parse(view.paidAt!) <= view.graceExitMin * 60_000;
+
+      if (!freeGrace && (!paid || !withinGrace)) {
+        const reason = !paid
+          ? "exit refused — not paid (take payment first)"
+          : "exit refused — walk-back grace expired (top-up required)";
+        await this.#log.append({ type: "anomaly", identity: id, payload: { reason, exitRefused: true, source: "booth" } });
+        this.#logger.warn(`booth exit refused (${id}): ${reason}`);
+        return { ok: false, status: paid ? "grace_expired" : "unpaid", reason };
+      }
+
+      // Free entry-grace path: mint the $0 payment first (ledger invariant), as the
+      // reader path does.
+      if (freeGrace && view.freeGrace) {
+        await this.#log.append({
+          type: "payment",
+          identity: id,
+          payload: {
+            sessionRef: id,
+            amountMinor: 0,
+            currency: view.freeGrace.currency,
+            tariffVersionId: view.freeGrace.tariffVersionId,
+            graceExitMin: view.freeGrace.graceExitMin,
+            reason: "free entry-grace (no charge)",
+          },
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Resolve AN exit barrier site-wide (no reader binding to follow at the booth).
+      const resolved = firstRelayByDirection(this.#db, "exit");
+
+      // Sign the vehicle_exit regardless of whether a relay resolves — the decision
+      // to let the car out has been made and validated. Then attempt the open.
+      await this.#signExit(id);
+
+      if (!resolved) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, "no exit relay configured");
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but no exit barrier is configured — open manually" };
+      }
+      const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+      if (!access) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, "exit controller would not build");
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but the barrier is unavailable — open manually" };
+      }
+      try {
+        await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+      } catch (err) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, `pulseOpen failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but the barrier did not open — open manually" };
+      }
+
+      this.#fireExitSnapshot(id);
+      this.#closeSessionCache(id);
+      return { ok: true, opened: true };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * HUMAN-INTERVENTION barrier re-open for an ACTIVE session (booth Active Sessions
+   * list). The barrier is unconfirmed; a car may be stuck after a damaged-ticket
+   * read, a dead scanner, or a phantom re-close (animal / bag / box). The operator
+   * opens the barrier with a signed trace.
+   *
+   * Guard: requires a PAYMENT — no payment, no re-open (the no-unpaid-bypass rule;
+   * the UI also hides the button). It re-pulses the exit relay and signs an `anomaly`
+   * ("manual barrier open", attributed). Idempotent-safe per identity via #inFlight.
+   *
+   * CLOSING THE SESSION (fix 2026-06-18): if the session is still OPEN (no
+   * `vehicle_exit` yet), the manual re-open *is* this car leaving — so we also sign a
+   * `vehicle_exit` (attributed as human-intervention). Without it the paid session
+   * would linger in the Active Sessions list FOREVER, since the grace-expiry eviction
+   * only applies to already-exited sessions (the T-397815c0 bug). If the session is
+   * already CLOSED (a prior exit exists — the phantom re-close case), we do NOT sign a
+   * second exit (that would double-count occupancy): anomaly only, as before.
+   * See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+   */
+  async reopenBarrier(identity: string, operator?: string): Promise<BoothReopenResult> {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    if (!id) return { ok: false, reason: "ticket id required" };
+
+    const view = this.#sessionFor(id);
+    if (!view) return { ok: false, reason: "no session for ticket" };
+    // Authorization to re-open: a PAID transient (paid, or paid-then-exited within
+    // grace) OR a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — exactly the case the operator must
+    // assist when the exit reader / card fails). An unpaid TRANSIENT takes the pay/exit
+    // flow instead — enforced here, not just in the UI (the no-unpaid-bypass rule).
+    if (view.paidAt == null && !view.subscription) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: "session not paid — no barrier open without payment" };
+    }
+
+    const key = `reopen:${id}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { ok: false, reason: "re-open already in progress" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      const resolved = firstRelayByDirection(this.#db, "exit");
+      // Sign the audited anomaly FIRST (the intervention is recorded whether or not
+      // the physical open succeeds).
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        identity: id,
+        payload: {
+          reason: "manual barrier open (human intervention)",
+          source: "booth",
+          barrierReopen: true,
+          ...(operator ? { operator } : {}),
+        },
+      });
+
+      // Close an OPEN session: the re-open is the exit. Sign the vehicle_exit so the
+      // session leaves the active list + occupancy settles. Skip when already exited
+      // (no double-count). Recorded as a human-intervention exit for the audit trail.
+      if (view.open) {
+        await this.#signExit(id, "manual");
+        this.#closeSessionCache(id);
+        this.#fireExitSnapshot(id);
+        this.#logger.info(`barrier re-open also closed open session ${id} (human-intervention exit)`);
+      }
+
+      if (!resolved) {
+        this.#logger.warn(`barrier re-open for ${id}: no exit relay configured`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "no exit barrier configured — open manually" };
+      }
+      const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+      if (!access) {
+        this.#logger.warn(`barrier re-open for ${id}: exit controller would not build`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "barrier unavailable — open manually" };
+      }
+      try {
+        await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.#logger.error(`barrier re-open pulseOpen failed (${id}): ${(err as Error).message}`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "barrier did not open — open manually" };
+      }
+      this.#logger.info(`manual barrier open for ${id}${operator ? ` by ${operator}` : ""}`);
+      return { ok: true, opened: true };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Handle a transient-ticket read at an exit barrier (the relay pre-resolved by the
-   *  read dispatcher from the reader's binding, which has ruled out a permit match). */
+   *  read dispatcher from the reader's binding, which has ruled out a subscription match). */
   async handleAt(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
     const key = `${e.deviceId}:${e.value}`;
     if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
@@ -76,6 +280,28 @@ export class ExitFlow {
       return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
     }
 
+    // FREE entry-grace: a quick in-and-out the tariff prices at 0 exits at the gate
+    // with no pay-station visit. Mint a signed $0 `payment` first so the ledger keeps
+    // its "an exit is covered by a payment" invariant, then fall through to open.
+    // Only when NOT already paid (a real payment, walk-back grace, takes precedence).
+    if (view.paidAt == null && view.freeGrace) {
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "payment",
+        // No `source` (not operator-keyed nor a read) — the payload reason marks it.
+        identity: e.value,
+        payload: {
+          sessionRef: e.value,
+          amountMinor: 0,
+          currency: view.freeGrace.currency,
+          tariffVersionId: view.freeGrace.tariffVersionId,
+          graceExitMin: view.freeGrace.graceExitMin,
+          reason: "free entry-grace (no charge)",
+        },
+      });
+      this.#logger.info(`exit free within entry-grace (${e.value})`);
+      return this.#signExitAndOpen(resolved, e);
+    }
+
     // PAID + within walk-back grace?
     const paid = view.paidAt != null;
     const withinGrace =
@@ -96,37 +322,73 @@ export class ExitFlow {
       return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
     }
 
-    // Valid: sign the exit BEFORE opening, then open, then update the cache.
+    // Valid (a real payment within walk-back grace): sign + open.
-    await this.#log.append({
+    return this.#signExitAndOpen(resolved, e);
-      type: "vehicle_exit",
+  }
-      direction: "exit",
+
-      source: e.kind === "plate" ? "lpr" : "ticket",
+  /** Sign the vehicle_exit BEFORE opening, then open, snapshot, and update the cache.
-      identity: e.value,
+   *  Shared by the paid-exit and free-entry-grace paths. The caller has already
-      payload: { sessionRef: e.value },
+   *  established the session is allowed out (and, for grace, minted the $0 payment). */
-    });
+  async #signExitAndOpen(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    await this.#signExit(e.value, e.kind === "plate" ? "lpr" : "ticket");
 
     const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
     if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
     else this.#logger.warn(`exit signed for ${e.value} but the exit relay won't build`);
 
-    // SNAPSHOT — fire the exit camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
+    this.#fireExitSnapshot(e.value);
+    this.#closeSessionCache(e.value);
+    return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+  }
+
+  /** Append the signed vehicle_exit. `source`: "ticket" (booth/reader), "lpr" (plate),
+   *  or "manual" (a human-intervention barrier re-open that closes an open session —
+   *  see reopenBarrier). */
+  async #signExit(identity: string, source: "ticket" | "lpr" | "manual" = "ticket"): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_exit",
+      direction: "exit",
+      source,
+      identity,
+      payload: {
+        sessionRef: identity,
+        ...(source === "manual" ? { reason: "human-intervention exit (manual barrier open)" } : {}),
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Fire the exit camera(s); never awaited (evidence, not a gate). */
+  #fireExitSnapshot(identity: string): void {
     void snapshotAsync({
       db: this.#db,
       direction: "exit",
-      identity: e.value,
+      identity,
       logger: this.#logger,
     }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`exit snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+  }
 
+  /** Update the (rebuildable) session projection cache to closed. */
+  #closeSessionCache(identity: string): void {
     try {
       this.#db
         .update(sessions)
         .set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" })
-        .where(eq(sessions.id, e.value))
+        .where(eq(sessions.id, identity))
         .run();
     } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${e.value}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${identity}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
     }
-    return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+  }
+
+  /** Record an audited anomaly when an exit was signed but the barrier didn't open.
+   *  The payment + exit STAND; this tells the operator to open manually. */
+  async #openFailedAnomaly(identity: string, detail: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "anomaly",
+      identity,
+      payload: { reason: "exit signed but barrier open failed", detail, source: "booth", exitOpenFailed: true },
+    });
+    this.#logger.error(`booth exit open failed (${identity}): ${detail}`);
   }
 
   /** Fold the signed ledger into a session view for one identity (authoritative). */
@@ -153,15 +415,57 @@ export class ExitFlow {
       }
     }
 
+    // Free entry-grace: if the tariff prices entry→now at 0 (a quick in-and-out),
+    // the exit may open at the gate. Resolve against the tariff in force at entry,
+    // same as the pay station. Null when no payment is needed yet and no tariff
+    // resolves — then exit falls back to the normal paid check.
+    let freeGrace: SessionView["freeGrace"] = null;
+    if (!exited && paidAt == null) {
+      const tv = this.#tariffVersionFor(entry.occurredAt);
+      if (tv) {
+        const structure = tv.structure as unknown as TariffStructure;
+        // Same frozen-at-entry category the pay station uses, so the free-grace
+        // check agrees with the booth quote for V2 category tariffs.
+        const category = (entry.payload as { category?: string } | null)?.category;
+        const fee = computeFee(entry.occurredAt, new Date().toISOString(), structure, category);
+        if (fee === 0) {
+          freeGrace = {
+            tariffVersionId: tv.id,
+            currency: tv.currency,
+            graceExitMin: structure.gracePeriodExitMin,
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const entryPl = (entry.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+    const subscription = entryPl.permit === true || entryPl.permitId != null;
+
     return {
       identity,
       enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
       open: !exited,
       paidAt,
+      subscription,
       graceExitMin,
+      freeGrace,
     };
   }
 
+  /** The tariff version in force at `at` — latest effectiveFrom ≤ at, for the
+   *  (single, for now) active site tariff. Mirrors PayStation#tariffVersionFor. */
+  #tariffVersionFor(at: string) {
+    const tariff = this.#db.select().from(tariffs).where(eq(tariffs.scope, "site")).get();
+    if (!tariff) return null;
+    const versions = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(tariffVersions)
+      .where(eq(tariffVersions.tariffId, tariff.id))
+      .orderBy(desc(tariffVersions.effectiveFrom))
+      .all();
+    return versions.find((v) => v.effectiveFrom <= at) ?? null;
+  }
+
   /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
   #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
     const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);

apps/server/src/pay-station.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, subscriptions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import { computeFee, type TariffStructure, type Tender } from "@parking/shared";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
@@ -35,6 +35,57 @@ export interface Quote {
   readonly graceExitMin: number;
 }
 
+/** One row in the booth Active Sessions list. A session is "active" while it is
+ *  still open OR exited-but-within-grace — because the barrier is UNCONFIRMED, a
+ *  paid/exited car is presumed possibly-still-present until grace expires. The
+ *  "Open barrier" action is offered only when `paidAt != null` (no payment, no
+ *  button — the no-unpaid-bypass rule). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md. */
+export interface ActiveSession {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly source: string | null;
+  readonly enteredAt: string;
+  /** null while still inside; set once a vehicle_exit is signed (may still be present). */
+  readonly exitedAt: string | null;
+  readonly open: boolean;
+  readonly paidAt: string | null;
+  /** Amount owed now (open + unpaid only; null otherwise / no tariff). */
+  readonly amountMinor: number | null;
+  readonly currency: string | null;
+  readonly withinGrace: boolean;
+  readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** True for a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — never charged). The booth shows it
+   *  with snapshots + an always-available "open barrier" (assist a faulty exit reader /
+   *  missing card), and never a pay flow. See wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
+  /** The subscription id (on-chain `permitId`), when `subscription` is true. */
+  readonly subscriptionId: string | null;
+  /** The subscriber's holder name (for a friendly label instead of the raw key). */
+  readonly subscriptionHolder: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Booth session view: everything the pay/exit modal needs in one read. */
+export interface SessionLookup {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly found: boolean;
+  /** Open = entered, no exit yet. */
+  readonly open: boolean;
+  readonly enteredAt: string | null;
+  readonly exitedAt: string | null;
+  /** Latest payment time, if paid. */
+  readonly paidAt: string | null;
+  /** Amount owed right now (the quote). Null when no session / no active tariff. */
+  readonly amountMinor: number | null;
+  readonly currency: string | null;
+  /** True when paid AND still within the walk-back grace window. */
+  readonly withinGrace: boolean;
+  /** ISO time the walk-back grace expires (paidAt + graceExitMin), if paid. */
+  readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** True for a SUBSCRIPTION occurrence (prepaid — never charged; barrier-open only). */
+  readonly subscription: boolean;
+  readonly subscriptionId: string | null;
+  readonly subscriptionHolder: string | null;
+}
+
 export class PayStation {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #log: EventLog;
@@ -55,7 +106,11 @@ export class PayStation {
     if (!tv) throw new NoTariffError();
     const structure = tv.structure as unknown as TariffStructure;
 
-    const amountMinor = computeFee(entry.occurredAt, new Date().toISOString(), structure);
+    // Category was frozen in the signed vehicle_entry payload — pricing AND repricing
+    // both read it from there, so a V2 category tariff yields the same amount at the
+    // booth and at exit. Absent (legacy/V1) ⇒ undefined ⇒ category-agnostic pricing.
+    const category = (entry.payload as { category?: string } | null)?.category;
+    const amountMinor = computeFee(entry.occurredAt, new Date().toISOString(), structure, category);
     return {
       identity,
       enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
@@ -109,6 +164,192 @@ export class PayStation {
     return { amountMinor, currency: q.currency };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * One-read session view for the booth pay/exit modal: entry/exit times, paid
+   * state, amount owed now, and walk-back-grace status. Read-only — folds the
+   * signed ledger (authoritative). A quote failure (no tariff) leaves amount null
+   * rather than throwing, so the modal can still show the session.
+   */
+  lookup(identity: string): SessionLookup {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, id))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all();
+    const entry = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry");
+    if (!entry) {
+      return {
+        identity: id, found: false, open: false, enteredAt: null, exitedAt: null,
+        paidAt: null, amountMinor: null, currency: null, withinGrace: false, graceExpiresAt: null,
+        subscription: false, subscriptionId: null, subscriptionHolder: null,
+      };
+    }
+    // Subscription occurrence? The entry payload carries permit:true + permitId.
+    const entryPl = (entry.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+    const isSubscription = entryPl.permit === true || entryPl.permitId != null;
+    const subscriptionId = isSubscription ? (entryPl.permitId ?? null) : null;
+    const exitRow = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit");
+    const open = !exitRow;
+
+    let paidAt: string | null = null;
+    let graceExitMin: number | null = null;
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      if (r.type === "payment") {
+        paidAt = r.occurredAt;
+        const p = (r.payload ?? {}) as { graceExitMin?: number };
+        if (typeof p.graceExitMin === "number") graceExitMin = p.graceExitMin;
+      }
+    }
+    const graceExpiresAt =
+      paidAt && graceExitMin != null ? new Date(Date.parse(paidAt) + graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString() : null;
+    const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && Date.now() <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
+
+    // Amount owed now (best-effort; null if no tariff resolves). Only meaningful while
+    // open AND transient — a subscription is prepaid, never quoted/charged.
+    let amountMinor: number | null = null;
+    let currency: string | null = null;
+    if (open && !isSubscription) {
+      try {
+        const q = this.quote(id);
+        amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
+        currency = q.currency;
+      } catch {
+        /* no active tariff — leave null; modal shows session without a price */
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      identity: id, found: true, open,
+      enteredAt: entry.occurredAt, exitedAt: exitRow?.occurredAt ?? null,
+      paidAt, amountMinor, currency, withinGrace, graceExpiresAt,
+      subscription: isSubscription, subscriptionId,
+      subscriptionHolder: this.#holderOf(subscriptionId),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * All ACTIVE sessions for the booth list: still-open, OR exited-but-within-grace
+   * (the barrier is unconfirmed, so a paid/exited car is presumed possibly-present
+   * until grace expires). One ledger scan, grouped by identity (cheaper than N
+   * lookups). Sorted by entry time, newest first. Folds the SIGNED ledger
+   * (authoritative — not the sessions projection cache, which can drift).
+   * See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+   */
+  activeSessions(): ActiveSession[] {
+    const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
+
+    // Group the relevant events per identity in one pass.
+    type Acc = {
+      enteredAt?: string;
+      source: string | null;
+      exitedAt?: string;
+      paidAt?: string;
+      graceExitMin?: number;
+      subscriptionId?: string | null;
+    };
+    const byId = new Map<string, Acc>();
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const id = r.identity;
+      if (!id) continue;
+      if (r.type === "vehicle_entry") {
+        const a = byId.get(id) ?? { source: r.source ?? null };
+        a.enteredAt = r.occurredAt;
+        a.source = r.source ?? a.source;
+        // Subscription occurrence? The entry payload carries permit:true + permitId
+        // (the on-chain field). Mark it so the booth never tries to charge it.
+        const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as { permit?: boolean; permitId?: string };
+        if (pl.permit === true || pl.permitId) a.subscriptionId = pl.permitId ?? null;
+        byId.set(id, a);
+      } else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") {
+        const a = byId.get(id);
+        if (a) a.exitedAt = r.occurredAt;
+      } else if (r.type === "payment") {
+        const a = byId.get(id);
+        if (a) {
+          a.paidAt = r.occurredAt;
+          const p = (r.payload ?? {}) as { graceExitMin?: number };
+          if (typeof p.graceExitMin === "number") a.graceExitMin = p.graceExitMin;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const out: ActiveSession[] = [];
+    for (const [identity, a] of byId) {
+      if (!a.enteredAt) continue; // no entry → not a real session
+      const open = a.exitedAt == null;
+      const graceExpiresAt =
+        a.paidAt && a.graceExitMin != null
+          ? new Date(Date.parse(a.paidAt) + a.graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString()
+          : null;
+      const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && now <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
+      const paid = a.paidAt != null;
+
+      // ACTIVE membership:
+      //  - exited + within grace  → still shown (barrier unconfirmed, may be present);
+      //  - exited + past grace     → presumed gone, omitted;
+      //  - open + UNPAID           → always shown (a car owing money never ages out —
+      //    it's genuinely still inside until it pays, however long that takes);
+      //  - open + PAID + past grace → AGE-OUT (omit). A paid car whose walk-back grace
+      //    lapsed has left; if no vehicle_exit was ever signed (e.g. it left via a
+      //    manual barrier re-open before that path closed the session, or a historical
+      //    session like T-397815c0) it would otherwise linger forever. The signed log
+      //    is unchanged — this is purely a display filter. See booth-exit-flow.md.
+      if (!open && !withinGrace) continue;
+      if (open && paid && graceExpiresAt != null && !withinGrace) continue;
+
+      const isSubscription = a.subscriptionId !== undefined;
+
+      // Amount owed now: only meaningful for an open + unpaid TRANSIENT session. A
+      // subscription is prepaid — never quote/charge it.
+      let amountMinor: number | null = null;
+      let currency: string | null = null;
+      if (open && a.paidAt == null && !isSubscription) {
+        try {
+          const q = this.quote(identity);
+          amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
+          currency = q.currency;
+        } catch {
+          /* no active tariff — leave null */
+        }
+      }
+
+      out.push({
+        identity,
+        source: a.source,
+        enteredAt: a.enteredAt,
+        exitedAt: a.exitedAt ?? null,
+        open,
+        paidAt: a.paidAt ?? null,
+        amountMinor,
+        currency,
+        withinGrace,
+        graceExpiresAt,
+        subscription: isSubscription,
+        subscriptionId: a.subscriptionId ?? null,
+        subscriptionHolder: this.#holderOf(a.subscriptionId ?? null),
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Newest entry first.
+    out.sort((x, y) => Date.parse(y.enteredAt) - Date.parse(x.enteredAt));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** The subscriber's holder name for a subscription id (for a friendly UI label),
+   *  or null. Best-effort: a deleted subscription just yields null. */
+  #holderOf(subscriptionId: string | null): string | null {
+    if (!subscriptionId) return null;
+    try {
+      const row = this.#db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, subscriptionId)).get();
+      return row?.holderName ?? null;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
   /** The vehicle_entry of an OPEN session for this identity (no later exit), or null. */
   #openEntry(identity: string) {
     const rows = this.#db

apps/server/src/permit-flow.ts

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-import { eq, ledgerEvents, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, sessions, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
-import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
-import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
-import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
-import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
-import { type FlowDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
-import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
-
-// PERMIT flow: a subscriber identified by card/QR/plate enters/exits without paying.
-// Reached from the read dispatcher when a read matches a permit (not an open ticket).
-// See wiki/entities/permit.md.
-//
-// Two optional, independent bindings:
-//   - car-count: `maxConcurrent` (default 1, null = unbound) — how many of the
-//     permit's cars may be inside at once; enforced over the session projection.
-//   - plate: optional `plates[]` — when set, a matching plate is an accepted identity
-//     too (card/QR OR plate). When unset, any car may use the permit's card/QR.
-//
-// Direction is inferred from session state for THAT car (the read credential value
-// is the per-car session key): no open session → ENTRY; open session → EXIT. So a
-// fleet permit can have several cars in at once, each its own session, and
-// anti-passback falls out (a second "entry" on a car already in becomes its exit).
-
-export interface PermitMatch {
-  readonly permitId: string;
-  /** The specific credential/plate value read — the per-car session key. */
-  readonly carKey: string;
-  readonly via: "card" | "qr" | "plate";
-}
-
-export class PermitFlow {
-  readonly #db: Db;
-  readonly #log: EventLog;
-  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
-  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
-
-  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
-    this.#db = db;
-    this.#log = log;
-    this.#logger = logger;
-  }
-
-  /** Resolve a read to a permit (by card/QR credential, or by a bound plate), or null. */
-  match(e: DeviceReadEvent): PermitMatch | null {
-    // Card / QR / generic credential value.
-    const cred = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(permitCredentials)
-      .where(eq(permitCredentials.value, e.value))
-      .get();
-    if (cred) {
-      return { permitId: cred.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: cred.kind === "qr" ? "qr" : "card" };
-    }
-    // Plate binding: a read plate that matches a permit's bound plate is an identity.
-    if (e.kind === "plate") {
-      const plate = this.#db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.plate, e.value)).get();
-      if (plate) return { permitId: plate.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: "plate" };
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** Run the permit entry/exit for a matched read at a barrier. `resolved` is the
-   *  reader's bound relay; its direction constrains, "both" defers to session state. */
-  async run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
-    const key = `${m.permitId}:${m.carKey}`;
-    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
-    this.#inFlight.add(key);
-    try {
-      return await this.#run(resolved, e, m);
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`permit-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
-    } finally {
-      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async #run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
-    const permit = this.#db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, m.permitId)).get();
-    if (!permit) return { accepted: false, reason: "permit not found" };
-
-    // Validity: active + within the coverage window.
-    const now = new Date().toISOString();
-    const invalid =
-      permit.status !== "active" ||
-      (permit.validFrom != null && now < permit.validFrom) ||
-      (permit.validTo != null && now > permit.validTo);
-    if (invalid) {
-      const reason = `permit ${permit.status}/out-of-window`;
-      await this.#reject(m, reason);
-      return { accepted: false, reason };
-    }
-
-    // Direction: the car's open-session state is the natural verb (in→exit, out→entry).
-    // The barrier the car is at (resolved.direction) must AGREE — a car at an exit
-    // barrier that isn't inside (or at an entry barrier while already in) is a
-    // wrong-barrier / anti-passback signal, refused + logged. A "both" barrier follows
-    // the session state.
-    const carOpen = this.#carHasOpenSession(m.carKey);
-    const inferred: FlowDirection = carOpen ? "exit" : "entry";
-    if (resolved.direction !== "both" && resolved.direction !== inferred) {
-      const reason = `permit wrong barrier — ${resolved.direction} barrier but car would ${inferred}`;
-      await this.#reject(m, reason);
-      return { accepted: false, direction: resolved.direction === "exit" ? "exit" : "entry", reason };
-    }
-
-    if (carOpen) {
-      // EXIT: this car is already inside → the read is its exit.
-      await this.#log.append({
-        type: "vehicle_exit",
-        direction: "exit",
-        source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
-        identity: m.carKey,
-        payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId },
-      });
-      await this.#open(resolved, "exit", m.carKey, "permit exit");
-      this.#closeCache(m.carKey);
-      return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
-    }
-
-    // ENTRY: enforce the car-count binding (maxConcurrent), then sign + open.
-    if (permit.maxConcurrent != null) {
-      const open = this.#permitOpenCount(m.permitId);
-      if (open >= permit.maxConcurrent) {
-        const reason = `permit at capacity (${open}/${permit.maxConcurrent} cars in)`;
-        await this.#reject(m, reason);
-        return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason };
-      }
-    }
-
-    await this.#log.append({
-      type: "vehicle_entry",
-      direction: "entry",
-      source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
-      identity: m.carKey,
-      // No ticket, no fee — the permit IS the authorization. Recorded for audit.
-      payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId, permit: true },
-      occurredAt: now,
-    });
-    await this.#open(resolved, "entry", m.carKey, "permit entry");
-    try {
-      this.#db
-        .insert(sessions)
-        .values({ id: m.carKey, identity: m.carKey, source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : "wiegand", permitId: m.permitId, enteredAt: now, state: "open" })
-        .run();
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${m.carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-    }
-    return { accepted: true, direction: "entry" };
-  }
-
-  /** Does this specific car (credential value) have an open session right now? */
-  #carHasOpenSession(carKey: string): boolean {
-    const rows = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(ledgerEvents)
-      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, carKey))
-      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
-      .all();
-    const entries = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry").length;
-    const exits = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit").length;
-    return entries > exits;
-  }
-
-  /** How many of this permit's cars are inside right now (fold over the ledger). */
-  #permitOpenCount(permitId: string): number {
-    const rows = this.#db
-      .select()
-      .from(ledgerEvents)
-      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "vehicle_entry"))
-      .all()
-      .filter((r) => (r.payload as { permitId?: string } | null)?.permitId === permitId);
-    let open = 0;
-    for (const entry of rows) {
-      if (!this.#carHasOpenSession(entry.identity ?? "")) continue;
-      open += 1;
-    }
-    return open;
-  }
-
-  async #reject(m: PermitMatch, reason: string): Promise<void> {
-    await this.#log.append({
-      type: "anomaly",
-      identity: m.carKey,
-      payload: { reason: `permit refused — ${reason}`, permitId: m.permitId, permitRefused: true },
-    });
-    this.#logger.warn(`permit refused (${m.carKey}): ${reason}`);
-  }
-
-  async #open(resolved: ResolvedRelay, dir: FlowDirection, carKey: string, what: string): Promise<void> {
-    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
-    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
-    else this.#logger.warn(`${what} signed for ${carKey} but the ${dir} relay won't build`);
-
-    // SNAPSHOT — fire the directional camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
-    void snapshotAsync({
-      db: this.#db,
-      direction: dir,
-      identity: carKey,
-      logger: this.#logger,
-    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`permit snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
-  }
-
-  #closeCache(carKey: string): void {
-    try {
-      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" }).where(eq(sessions.id, carKey)).run();
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
-  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
-    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
-    if (!driver) return null;
-    try {
-      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-}

apps/server/src/read-dispatch.ts

@@ -2,32 +2,32 @@ import { devices, eq, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
 import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
 import type { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
-import type { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import type { SubscriptionFlow } from "./subscription-flow.js";
 import { relayForDevice } from "./device-resolve.js";
 
 // Routes a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) to the right flow. A read
-// can mean a permit entry/exit OR a transient exit, so we dispatch by WHAT the
+// can mean a subscription entry/exit OR a transient exit, so we dispatch by WHAT the
 // credential is (decision 2026-06-15):
-//   - matches a permit (card/QR/bound plate) → PERMIT flow,
+//   - matches a subscription (card/QR/bound plate) → SUBSCRIPTION flow,
 //   - else → transient EXIT flow (open ticket session → exit, else reject+log).
 //
 // The reader is BOUND to a controller relay (config.controllerId + relay), so a read
 // resolves to exactly the barrier it sits at, and the direction is inherited from
 // that relay (see entry-exit-points.md). The resolved relay is handed to the flow so
 // it opens that exact barrier. An "entry" reader drives the entry side, an "exit"
-// reader the exit side; "both" defers to the flow's own inference (permit: session
+// reader the exit side; "both" defers to the flow's own inference (subscription:
-// state; transient: exit).
+// session state; transient: exit).
 
 export class ReadDispatcher {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #exit: ExitFlow;
-  readonly #permit: PermitFlow;
+  readonly #subscription: SubscriptionFlow;
   readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
 
-  constructor(db: Db, exit: ExitFlow, permit: PermitFlow, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+  constructor(db: Db, exit: ExitFlow, subscription: SubscriptionFlow, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
     this.#db = db;
     this.#exit = exit;
-    this.#permit = permit;
+    this.#subscription = subscription;
     this.#logger = logger;
   }
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ export class ReadDispatcher {
       return { accepted: false, reason: "reader not bound to a barrier (no relay to open)" };
     }
 
-    const permit = this.#permit.match(e);
+    const sub = this.#subscription.match(e);
-    if (permit) {
+    if (sub) {
-      return this.#permit.run(resolved, e, permit);
+      return this.#subscription.run(resolved, e, sub);
     }
-    // Not a permit → transient ticket exit. An ENTRY reader can't produce a transient
+    // Not a subscription → transient ticket exit. An ENTRY reader can't produce a
-    // exit (transient entry is the button flow, not a reader), so reject+log rather
+    // transient exit (transient entry is the button flow, not a reader), so reject+log
-    // than treat an entry scan as an exit.
+    // rather than treat an entry scan as an exit.
     if (resolved.direction === "entry") {
       return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason: "entry reader: no transient entry via reader" };
     }

apps/server/src/routes/auth.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import bcrypt from "bcrypt";
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { eq, users, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { eq, roles, users, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import {
   clearAuthCookies,
   newCsrfToken,
-  requireRole,
+  permissionsFor,
+  requireAuth,
   setAuthCookies,
 } from "../auth.js";
 
@@ -16,6 +17,28 @@ interface LoginBody {
   password: string;
 }
 
+const LANGS = ["sq", "en"] as const;
+type Lang = (typeof LANGS)[number];
+interface LanguageBody {
+  language: Lang;
+}
+
+/** The session shape the SPA bootstraps from: identity + role + its permission
+ *  list (so the UI can gate nav/routes) + language. Role NAME is for display; the
+ *  permissions are the source of truth. */
+function sessionView(db: Db, user: { id: string; username: string; roleId: string; language: string }) {
+  const role = db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, user.roleId)).get();
+  const permissions = [...permissionsFor(user.roleId)];
+  return {
+    id: user.id,
+    username: user.username,
+    roleId: user.roleId,
+    roleName: role?.name ?? user.roleId,
+    permissions,
+    language: user.language,
+  };
+}
+
 export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
   app.post<{ Body: LoginBody }>("/api/auth/login", async (req, reply) => {
     const { username, password } = req.body ?? {};
@@ -33,15 +56,19 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
     }
 
     const csrf = newCsrfToken();
-    // No expiresIn: the token is valid until explicit logout (see auth.ts).
+    // No expiresIn: the token is valid until explicit logout (see auth.ts). The
+    // token carries roleId (not the permission list) — perms resolve per-request,
+    // so a role edit applies immediately with no re-login.
     const token = await reply.jwtSign({
       sub: user.id,
       username: user.username,
-      role: user.role,
+      roleId: user.roleId,
       csrf,
     });
     setAuthCookies(reply, token, csrf);
-    return { id: user.id, username: user.username, role: user.role };
+    // `language` is NOT in the JWT (identity/role only) — it's a mutable preference
+    // read from the DB, so changing it needs no token refresh.
+    return sessionView(db, user);
   });
 
   app.post("/api/auth/logout", async (_req, reply) => {
@@ -49,13 +76,34 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
     return { ok: true };
   });
 
-  // Who am I — used by the SPA to bootstrap session state on load.
+  // Who am I — used by the SPA to bootstrap session state on load. Reads the live
+  // `language` preference from the DB (not the token).
   app.get(
     "/api/auth/me",
-    { preHandler: requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly") },
+    { preHandler: requireAuth },
-    async (req) => {
+    async (req, reply) => {
-      const { sub, username, role } = req.user;
+      const row = await db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, req.user.sub)).get();
-      return { id: sub, username, role };
+      if (!row) {
+        // The user was deleted while their cookie was still valid — clear it.
+        clearAuthCookies(reply);
+        return reply.code(401).send({ error: "session no longer valid" });
+      }
+      return sessionView(db, row);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Change MY own UI language preference (any signed-in user). Persisted to the
+  // users row so it's restored on the next login, from any booth. See i18n.md.
+  app.put<{ Body: LanguageBody }>(
+    "/api/auth/language",
+    { preHandler: requireAuth },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const language = req.body?.language;
+      if (!language || !LANGS.includes(language)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `language must be one of: ${LANGS.join(", ")}` });
+      }
+      await db.update(users).set({ language }).where(eq(users.id, req.user.sub)).run();
+      return { language };
     },
   );
 }

apps/server/src/routes/device-status.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
+import type { DeviceMonitor } from "../device-monitor.js";
+
+// Unified device-status snapshot for the booth footer. The DeviceMonitor polls all
+// configured devices (relays/readers/cameras via healthCheck, printers via their
+// rich readStatus) in the background; this exposes its cache. Live updates ride the
+// booth WebSocket (kind:"device-status") — this REST route is the initial load /
+// fallback. Any authenticated role may read (operational, not a setup action).
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, booth-console.md.
+
+export async function deviceStatusRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  monitor: DeviceMonitor,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const guard = requirePermission("device:read");
+
+  app.get("/api/devices/status", { preHandler: guard }, async () => ({
+    devices: monitor.snapshot(),
+  }));
+}

apps/server/src/routes/events.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { desc, ledgerEvents, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, gte, ledgerEvents, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import type { EventLog } from "../event-log.js";
 
 // Read access to the append-only signed event log. NO write/update/delete routes
@@ -13,16 +13,26 @@ export async function eventRoutes(
   db: Db,
   eventLog: EventLog,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  // Any authenticated role may read the log (it's the audit trail).
+  // Reading the log (the audit trail).
-  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const guard = requirePermission("event:read");
 
   // Recent events, newest first. `limit` caps the page (default 100, max 1000).
-  app.get<{ Querystring: { limit?: string } }>(
+  // Optional `since` (ISO) scopes the page to events at/after that instant — the
+  // booth passes the current shift's start so the live feed shows ONLY this shift's
+  // activity (logs are per-shift, not all history). See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  app.get<{ Querystring: { limit?: string; since?: string } }>(
     "/api/events",
     { preHandler: guard },
     async (req) => {
       const limit = Math.min(Math.max(Number(req.query.limit) || 100, 1), 1000);
-      const rows = db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(desc(ledgerEvents.index)).limit(limit).all();
+      const since = (req.query.since ?? "").trim();
+      const rows = db
+        .select()
+        .from(ledgerEvents)
+        .where(since ? gte(ledgerEvents.occurredAt, since) : undefined)
+        .orderBy(desc(ledgerEvents.index))
+        .limit(limit)
+        .all();
       return { events: rows };
     },
   );
@@ -32,7 +42,7 @@ export async function eventRoutes(
   // reconciliation job / "is the log intact?" check calls.
   app.get(
     "/api/events/verify",
-    { preHandler: requireRole("admin") },
+    { preHandler: requirePermission("event:read") },
     async () => eventLog.verifyChain(),
   );
 }

apps/server/src/routes/pay.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import type { Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { NoPrinterAvailableError } from "@parking/devices";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import {
   NoOpenSessionError,
   NoTariffError,
   type PayStation,
 } from "../pay-station.js";
+import type { ExitFlow } from "../exit-flow.js";
+import { NoShiftOpenError, type ShiftService } from "../shift-service.js";
+import { printPaymentReceipt } from "../booth-print.js";
 
-// Pay-station endpoints (pay-on-foot). The terminal/operator UI quotes a session
+// Booth endpoints (pay-on-foot): look up a session, quote it, take payment, and —
-// then takes payment; the payment becomes a signed ledger event. PCI scope stays
+// when the booth is at/near the exit — open the barrier. The payment becomes a
-// OUT of the app — actual card capture is a standalone P2PE terminal; here `tender`
+// signed ledger event; PCI scope stays OUT of the app (card capture is a standalone
-// just records cash vs. card. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md, parking-session.md, bom.md.
+// P2PE terminal; `tender` just records cash vs. card). The booth exit reuses the
+// SAME validation as the reader path — no booth-only bypass admits an unpaid car.
+// See wiki/concepts/tariff.md, parking-session.md, booth-exit-flow.md, bom.md.
 
 interface QuoteQuery {
   identity: string;
@@ -20,15 +27,108 @@ interface PayBody {
   /** Operator-set amount (lost ticket / dispute) — overrides the computed fee. */
   overrideMinor?: number;
 }
+interface ExitBody {
+  identity: string;
+}
+interface VoucherBody {
+  identity: string;
+}
+interface ReceiptBody {
+  identity: string;
+}
 
-export async function payRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, payStation: PayStation): Promise<void> {
+export async function payRoutes(
-  // Cashier/operator/admin operate the pay station; readonly may not.
+  app: FastifyInstance,
-  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier");
+  db: Db,
+  payStation: PayStation,
+  exitFlow: ExitFlow,
+  shift: ShiftService,
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Reads (lookup, active sessions, quote) need session/payment read; the booth
+  // money actions (pay, exit, voucher, receipt, reopen) need payment:create. A
+  // single guard covers the whole booth flow — anyone who takes payment also reads
+  // sessions. Read-only callers (a viewer role) get the reads but not the actions.
+  const guard = requirePermission("payment:create");
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("session:read");
+
+  // Money-path gate: a shift must be open site-wide before any payment/exit/voucher/
+  // re-open is processed, so every taking is attributed to a shift (one operator's
+  // accountability period). Read-only lookups (session/active/quote) stay ungated so
+  // the modal can still DISPLAY the session and prompt the operator to open a shift.
+  // Returns 409 { error, code: "no_shift" } so the UI can show the "open a shift"
+  // prompt rather than a generic failure. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const requireShift = async (
+    _req: import("fastify").FastifyRequest,
+    reply: import("fastify").FastifyReply,
+  ) => {
+    try {
+      shift.requireOpenShift();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof NoShiftOpenError) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: err.message, code: "no_shift" });
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Active sessions for the booth list: still-open OR exited-but-within-grace
+  // (barrier unconfirmed → a paid/exited car is presumed possibly-present until
+  // grace expires). Read-only. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.get("/api/sessions/active", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => ({
+    sessions: payStation.activeSessions(),
+  }));
+
+  // Session lookup for the booth pay/exit modal: entry/exit times, paid state,
+  // amount owed now, walk-back-grace status. Read-only (no side effect).
+  app.get<{ Params: { identity: string } }>(
+    "/api/session/:identity",
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.params.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      return payStation.lookup(identity);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Booth-driven exit: validate (paid + grace, or free entry-grace) THEN sign
+  // vehicle_exit + open the barrier. Maps the discriminated result to HTTP:
+  //  - validation reject → 409 with a reason (operator takes payment first),
+  //  - exit signed but barrier didn't open → 200 { opened:false } (payment stands;
+  //    operator opens manually; an anomaly is already signed),
+  //  - clean exit → 200 { opened:true }.
+  app.post<{ Body: ExitBody }>(
+    "/api/exit",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const res = await exitFlow.exitForBooth(identity);
+      if (!res.ok) return reply.code(409).send({ error: res.reason, status: res.status });
+      return reply.code(200).send(res);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Human-intervention barrier re-open for an ACTIVE (paid) session — damaged
+  // ticket / dead scanner / phantom re-close. Re-pulses the exit relay + signs an
+  // anomaly (attributed); NEVER a second vehicle_exit. Refused without a payment
+  // (no-unpaid-bypass). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: ExitBody }>(
+    "/api/barrier/reopen",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const operator = req.user?.username;
+      const res = await exitFlow.reopenBarrier(identity, operator);
+      if (!res.ok) return reply.code(409).send({ error: res.reason });
+      return reply.code(200).send(res);
+    },
+  );
 
   // Quote: what does this session owe right now? (No side effect.)
   app.get<{ Querystring: QuoteQuery }>(
     "/api/pay/quote",
-    { preHandler: guard },
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
     async (req, reply) => {
       const identity = (req.query.identity ?? "").trim();
       if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
@@ -43,7 +143,7 @@ export async function payRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, payStation: PayStation): P
   // Pay: take payment and append the signed `payment` event.
   app.post<{ Body: PayBody }>(
     "/api/pay",
-    { preHandler: guard },
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
     async (req, reply) => {
       const { identity, tender, overrideMinor } = req.body ?? {};
       if (!identity || (tender !== "cash" && tender !== "card")) {
@@ -60,6 +160,64 @@ export async function payRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, payStation: PayStation): P
       }
     },
   );
+
+  // Print an exit voucher (the paid ticket id reprinted as a barcode) on the booth
+  // printer. Used when the booth is far from the exit — the customer self-scans the
+  // voucher at the exit reader, which runs the normal validated exit. Requires the
+  // session to be PAID (no free vouchers for unpaid sessions). See booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: VoucherBody }>(
+    "/api/voucher",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const view = payStation.lookup(identity);
+      if (!view.found || !view.open) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no open session for ticket" });
+      }
+      if (view.paidAt == null) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "session not paid — take payment before printing a voucher" });
+      }
+      try {
+        const printedBy = await printPaymentReceipt(db, identity, { voucher: true }, app.log);
+        return reply.code(200).send({ ok: true, printedBy });
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError) {
+          return reply.code(503).send({ error: err.message });
+        }
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Print a standalone PAYMENT RECEIPT (transparency: entry/paid/duration/amount,
+  // no barcode) on the booth printer. Used (a) auto, right after a payment when no
+  // voucher is issued, and (b) on-demand "reprint" if the slip jammed. Requires the
+  // session to be PAID. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: ReceiptBody }>(
+    "/api/receipt",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const view = payStation.lookup(identity);
+      if (!view.found) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no session for ticket" });
+      }
+      if (view.paidAt == null) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "session not paid — nothing to receipt" });
+      }
+      try {
+        const printedBy = await printPaymentReceipt(db, identity, { voucher: false }, app.log);
+        return reply.code(200).send({ ok: true, printedBy });
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError) {
+          return reply.code(503).send({ error: err.message });
+        }
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
 }
 
 function mapError(reply: import("fastify").FastifyReply, err: unknown) {

apps/server/src/routes/permits.ts

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
-import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { eq, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
-
-// Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. A permit is mutable master data — admins
-// grant/edit/revoke — but every USE of it is a signed ledger event, so the audit
-// trail stays append-only (see wiki/entities/permit.md). A permit is an aggregate:
-// the permit row + its credentials (card/QR) + its bound plates. The API treats them
-// as one unit (create/update replace the child sets; delete removes all).
-
-interface Credential {
-  kind: "rf" | "qr";
-  value: string;
-}
-interface PermitBody {
-  holderName?: string;
-  contact?: string;
-  /** Car-count binding: cars inside at once. Default 1; null = unbound. */
-  maxConcurrent?: number | null;
-  validFrom?: string | null;
-  validTo?: string | null;
-  status?: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
-  credentials?: Credential[];
-  /** Plate binding (optional): bound plates that also serve as identity. */
-  plates?: string[];
-}
-
-export async function permitRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
-  // Admin manages permits; operator/cashier/readonly may LIST (to look one up).
-  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
-  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
-
-  // Validate the body; returns problems (empty = ok). Shared by create + update.
-  function validate(b: PermitBody): string[] {
-    const errs: string[] = [];
-    if (b.maxConcurrent != null) {
-      if (!Number.isInteger(b.maxConcurrent) || b.maxConcurrent < 1) {
-        errs.push("maxConcurrent must be a positive integer, or null for unbound");
-      }
-    }
-    if (b.status && !["active", "suspended", "revoked"].includes(b.status)) {
-      errs.push("status must be active|suspended|revoked");
-    }
-    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
-      if ((c.kind !== "rf" && c.kind !== "qr") || !c.value?.trim()) {
-        errs.push("each credential needs kind (rf|qr) and a non-empty value");
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if ((b.credentials?.length ?? 0) === 0 && (b.plates?.length ?? 0) === 0) {
-      errs.push("a permit needs at least one credential or one bound plate (else nothing identifies it)");
-    }
-    return errs;
-  }
-
-  function loadAggregate(id: string) {
-    const permit = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, id)).get();
-    if (!permit) return null;
-    const credentials = db.select().from(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).all();
-    const plates = db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).all();
-    return {
-      ...permit,
-      credentials: credentials.map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value })),
-      plates: plates.map((p) => p.plate),
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Replace a permit's child rows (credentials + plates) from the body.
-  function writeChildren(id: string, b: PermitBody) {
-    db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).run();
-    db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).run();
-    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
-      db.insert(permitCredentials).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() }).run();
-    }
-    for (const p of b.plates ?? []) {
-      if (p.trim()) db.insert(permitPlates).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, plate: p.trim() }).run();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // List all permits (with their credentials + plates).
-  app.get("/api/permits", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
-    const rows = db.select().from(permits).all();
-    return { permits: rows.map((r) => loadAggregate(r.id)) };
-  });
-
-  // Create a permit.
-  app.post<{ Body: PermitBody }>("/api/permits", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
-    const b = req.body ?? {};
-    const problems = validate(b);
-    if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
-    const id = randomUUID();
-    db.insert(permits)
-      .values({
-        id,
-        holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
-        contact: b.contact ?? null,
-        maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? 1 : b.maxConcurrent,
-        validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
-        validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
-        status: b.status ?? "active",
-      })
-      .run();
-    writeChildren(id, b);
-    return reply.code(201).send(loadAggregate(id));
-  });
-
-  // Update a permit (replaces fields + child sets).
-  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: PermitBody }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const existing = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).get();
-      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      const b = req.body ?? {};
-      const problems = validate(b);
-      if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
-      db.update(permits)
-        .set({
-          holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
-          contact: b.contact ?? null,
-          maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? existing.maxConcurrent : b.maxConcurrent,
-          validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
-          validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
-          status: b.status ?? existing.status,
-        })
-        .where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id))
-        .run();
-      writeChildren(req.params.id, b);
-      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
-    },
-  );
-
-  // Revoke (soft): the common case — keeps the permit + its history, just bars it.
-  // A revoked permit fails the entry check (see permit-flow.ts). Use DELETE only to
-  // fully remove a permit created in error.
-  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id/revoke",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const r = db.update(permits).set({ status: "revoked" }).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
-      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
-    },
-  );
-
-  // Hard delete a permit + its child rows. (Past ledger events that reference it
-  // are untouched — the audit trail is append-only and independent of this row.)
-  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
-    "/api/permits/:id",
-    { preHandler: writeGuard },
-    async (req, reply) => {
-      const r = db.delete(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
-      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
-      db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
-      db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
-      return reply.code(204).send();
-    },
-  );
-}

apps/server/src/routes/printers.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import { deviceEvents } from "../device-events.js";
 import type { PrinterMonitor } from "../printer-monitor.js";
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export async function printerRoutes(
   app: FastifyInstance,
   monitor: PrinterMonitor,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const guard = requirePermission("device:read");
 
   // Current status of every monitored printer (cached — no device round-trip).
   app.get("/api/printers/status", { preHandler: guard }, async () => ({

apps/server/src/routes/qr-reader.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { eq, devices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import type { DeviceReadEvent } from "../device-events.js";
 import type { ReadDispatcher } from "../read-dispatch.js";
+import type { CredentialCapture } from "../credential-capture.js";
 
 // GEE/Dingtian QR reader endpoint. The reader is configured (vendor tool) with our
 // host as its "server"; on each scan it sends an HTTP GET and BEEPS/acts based on
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
   app: FastifyInstance,
   db: Db,
   dispatcher: ReadDispatcher,
+  capture: CredentialCapture,
 ): Promise<void> {
   // Resolve the lane_devices row whose config.serial matches the reader's reported
   // serial (cjihao). The row id is a normal UUID; the serial is config the admin
@@ -59,10 +61,19 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
     // Map the reader's serial → its assigned lane_devices row id (the dispatcher
     // resolves the lane from that row). If unassigned, deviceId stays the serial so
     // the dispatcher simply finds no lane and rejects (status:0) — never crashes.
-    const deviceId = readerRowIdForSerial(serial) ?? serial;
+    const matchedRowId = readerRowIdForSerial(serial);
+    const deviceId = matchedRowId ?? serial;
 
     let accepted = false;
     if (cardid) {
+      // ENROLLMENT INTERCEPT: if THIS reader is armed for credential capture, grab the
+      // value for the subscription form and do NOT run the access flow (we must not
+      // open a barrier for a card being enrolled). Single-shot — capture auto-disarms.
+      // Reads from the OTHER reader are untouched and dispatch normally below.
+      if (capture.tryConsume(deviceId, cardid)) {
+        app.log.info(`CAPTURE serial=${serial || "?"} device=${matchedRowId ? matchedRowId.slice(0, 8) : "?"} value=${cardid}`);
+        accepted = true; // beep "ok" so the operator knows the card was read
+      } else {
       const read: DeviceReadEvent = {
         driverId: "gee-qr-reader",
         deviceId,
@@ -73,11 +84,19 @@ export async function qrReaderRoutes(
       try {
         const outcome = await dispatcher.dispatch(read);
         accepted = outcome.accepted;
-        if (!accepted) app.log.info(`QR ${cardid} rejected: ${outcome.reason ?? "?"}`);
+        // Per-read diagnostic: which reader (serial) sent it, which configured device
+        // it mapped to, and the verdict — so a barrier/serial mismatch is visible in
+        // the logs (e.g. an entry-side scan resolving to the exit relay).
+        app.log.info(
+          `READ serial=${serial || "?"} → device=${matchedRowId ? matchedRowId.slice(0, 8) : "UNASSIGNED"} ` +
+            `card=${cardid} verdict=${accepted ? "ACCEPT" : "REJECT"}${outcome.direction ? ` dir=${outcome.direction}` : ""}` +
+            `${accepted ? "" : ` reason="${outcome.reason ?? "?"}"`}`,
+        );
       } catch (err) {
         app.log.error(`QR dispatch failed for ${cardid}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
       }
       }
+    }
 
     // Reply the SDK verdict. status 1 → beep 2× (valid) / 0 → beep 1× (invalid).
     // output 0 = Access (drive the reader's access line on a valid read).

apps/server/src/routes/roles.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, rolePermissions, roles, users, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { ADMIN_ROLE_ID, PERMISSIONS, type Permission } from "@parking/shared";
+import { bumpPermsCache, permissionsFor, requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
+
+// Role management (admin). Roles are DATA: an admin composes a role from the
+// code-defined PERMISSIONS grid (resource:action), and users are assigned one
+// role. The built-in `admin` role (id ADMIN_ROLE_ID) is PROTECTED — it can't be
+// edited or deleted and always resolves to every permission in code. Every write
+// here bumps the in-memory permission cache so changes take effect on the next
+// request. See @parking/shared PERMISSIONS and ../auth.ts.
+//
+// PRIVILEGE-ESCALATION GUARD: `role:update`/`role:create` must NOT let a caller
+// grant a permission they don't themselves hold — otherwise a non-admin with
+// `role:*` could edit their own role to add (say) `tariff:update`, or mint a role
+// that grants admin-equivalent powers, and escalate. So a non-admin caller may
+// only put permissions they ALREADY hold onto a role. An admin (full set) is
+// unrestricted, which is the intended behaviour.
+
+interface RoleBody {
+  name: string;
+  permissions: string[];
+}
+interface UpdateBody {
+  name?: string;
+  permissions?: string[];
+}
+
+const VALID = new Set<string>(PERMISSIONS);
+
+/** Validate + dedupe a requested permission list against the code-defined grid. */
+function cleanPermissions(input: unknown): { ok: true; perms: Permission[] } | { ok: false; bad: string } {
+  if (!Array.isArray(input)) return { ok: false, bad: "permissions must be an array" };
+  const out = new Set<Permission>();
+  for (const p of input) {
+    if (typeof p !== "string" || !VALID.has(p)) return { ok: false, bad: `unknown permission: ${String(p)}` };
+    out.add(p as Permission);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, perms: [...out] };
+}
+
+export async function roleRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("role:read");
+  const createGuard = requirePermission("role:create");
+  const updateGuard = requirePermission("role:update");
+  const deleteGuard = requirePermission("role:delete");
+
+  /** A role + its permission list + how many users hold it. */
+  function roleView(roleId: string) {
+    const role = db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, roleId)).get();
+    if (!role) return null;
+    const perms = db
+      .select({ permission: rolePermissions.permission })
+      .from(rolePermissions)
+      .where(eq(rolePermissions.roleId, roleId))
+      .all()
+      .map((r) => r.permission);
+    const userCount = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.roleId, roleId)).all().length;
+    // The admin role always reports the full grid (it's enforced in code).
+    return {
+      id: role.id,
+      name: role.name,
+      builtin: role.builtin === 1,
+      permissions: role.id === ADMIN_ROLE_ID ? [...PERMISSIONS] : perms,
+      userCount,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Replace a role's permission rows with `perms` (in a single pass). */
+  function setPermissions(roleId: string, perms: Permission[]): void {
+    db.delete(rolePermissions).where(eq(rolePermissions.roleId, roleId)).run();
+    for (const p of perms) {
+      db.insert(rolePermissions).values({ roleId, permission: p }).run();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The full permission grid (for the role-composer checkbox UI) + every role.
+  app.get("/api/roles", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const all = db.select().from(roles).all();
+    return {
+      catalog: PERMISSIONS,
+      roles: all.map((r) => roleView(r.id)).filter((r) => r != null),
+    };
+  });
+
+  /** Reject any permission in `perms` the caller does not themselves hold — so a
+   *  non-admin can't grant privileges beyond their own. Returns the offending
+   *  permission, or null if all are within the caller's set. (Admin holds the full
+   *  set, so it never trips.) */
+  function escalates(callerRoleId: string, perms: Permission[]): Permission | null {
+    const held = permissionsFor(callerRoleId);
+    return perms.find((p) => !held.has(p)) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  // Create a composable role from a name + a permission set.
+  app.post<{ Body: RoleBody }>("/api/roles", { preHandler: createGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const name = (req.body?.name ?? "").trim();
+    if (!name) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "name required" });
+    if (db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.name, name)).get()) {
+      return reply.code(409).send({ error: "a role with that name already exists" });
+    }
+    const cleaned = cleanPermissions(req.body?.permissions ?? []);
+    if (!cleaned.ok) return reply.code(400).send({ error: cleaned.bad });
+    const over = escalates(req.user.roleId, cleaned.perms);
+    if (over) return reply.code(403).send({ error: `cannot grant a permission you do not hold: ${over}` });
+
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    db.insert(roles).values({ id, name, builtin: 0 }).run();
+    setPermissions(id, cleaned.perms);
+    bumpPermsCache();
+    return reply.code(201).send(roleView(id));
+  });
+
+  // Edit a role's name and/or permission set. The built-in admin role is locked.
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: UpdateBody }>(
+    "/api/roles/:id",
+    { preHandler: updateGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const id = req.params.id;
+      const role = db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, id)).get();
+      if (!role) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "role not found" });
+      if (role.builtin === 1) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "the built-in admin role cannot be edited" });
+      }
+
+      if (req.body?.name != null) {
+        const name = req.body.name.trim();
+        if (!name) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "name cannot be empty" });
+        const clash = db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.name, name)).get();
+        if (clash && clash.id !== id) return reply.code(409).send({ error: "a role with that name already exists" });
+        db.update(roles).set({ name }).where(eq(roles.id, id)).run();
+      }
+      if (req.body?.permissions != null) {
+        const cleaned = cleanPermissions(req.body.permissions);
+        if (!cleaned.ok) return reply.code(400).send({ error: cleaned.bad });
+        const over = escalates(req.user.roleId, cleaned.perms);
+        if (over) return reply.code(403).send({ error: `cannot grant a permission you do not hold: ${over}` });
+        setPermissions(id, cleaned.perms);
+      }
+      bumpPermsCache();
+      return roleView(id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Delete a role. Refused if it's built-in or any user still holds it.
+  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/roles/:id",
+    { preHandler: deleteGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const id = req.params.id;
+      const role = db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, id)).get();
+      if (!role) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "role not found" });
+      if (role.builtin === 1) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "the built-in admin role cannot be deleted" });
+      }
+      const holders = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.roleId, id)).all().length;
+      if (holders > 0) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: `cannot delete a role still assigned to ${holders} user(s)` });
+      }
+      db.delete(rolePermissions).where(eq(rolePermissions.roleId, id)).run();
+      db.delete(roles).where(eq(roles.id, id)).run();
+      bumpPermsCache();
+      return { ok: true };
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/setup.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   type DeviceCategory,
   type DeviceConfig,
 } from "@parking/devices";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import { backendIpCandidates, backendIpForDevice, backendPort } from "../net.js";
 
 // First-run setup API. The admin reads the driver catalog and assigns devices
@@ -51,12 +51,134 @@ function redactSecrets(config: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown>
   return out;
 }
 
+/** Result of the device configure pipeline: a ready-to-persist config, or an
+ *  HTTP error to send back. Shared by assign (create) and patch (edit). */
+type ConfigureOutcome =
+  | { config: Record<string, unknown>; warnings: string[] }
+  | { error: { code: number; message: string } };
+
+/**
+ * Validate + configure a device, returning the config to persist. Runs the same
+ * pipeline for both create and edit: validate the driver config, fix
+ * preconditions, harden (relay password + protocol lockdown), and set up input
+ * push (Digest creds + push URLs). Each step is a device write (the device
+ * reboots on apply). The caller owns the DB row; this never touches the DB.
+ *
+ * `id` is the assignment id (stable across an edit) — it's baked into the push
+ * URL, so editing in place keeps the device pushing to the same path.
+ * `existingConfig` carries forward secrets the client never sees on edit
+ * (push/relay passwords), so a PATCH that omits them doesn't wipe them.
+ */
+async function configureDevice(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  args: {
+    id: string;
+    driverId: string;
+    config: DeviceConfig;
+    backendIp?: string;
+    existingConfig?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  },
+): Promise<ConfigureOutcome> {
+  const { id, driverId, config, backendIp, existingConfig } = args;
+
+  // Start from any machine-only secrets already on the row (push/relay passwords
+  // are redacted out of the client's copy, so an edit would otherwise drop them),
+  // then layer the submitted config on top.
+  const fullConfig: Record<string, unknown> = { ...existingConfig, ...config };
+  // The web password the admin typed is a DESIRED value, not a stored fact:
+  // it's passed to the driver (via create(config) below) as the rotation
+  // target, but we do NOT persist it from the form. Only harden()'s VERIFIED
+  // secrets.webPassword gets saved — otherwise a failed rotation would leave
+  // the DB claiming a password the device never accepted (login stays old).
+  delete fullConfig.webPassword;
+  // webPasswordCurrent is an input-only credential (the OLD password used to
+  // authorize the change) — never persist it as typed.
+  delete fullConfig.webPasswordCurrent;
+  // Residual-risk warnings from device hardening (shown to the admin; the
+  // save still succeeds — these are "configured, but note X" advisories).
+  const hardenWarnings: string[] = [];
+
+  let device;
+  try {
+    device = registry.create(driverId, config); // validates required fields
+  } catch (err) {
+    return { error: { code: 400, message: (err as Error).message } };
+  }
+
+  // Configure the device on save (before persisting, so we don't store a row
+  // for a device we couldn't configure):
+  //   1. fix preconditions (e.g. disable input_link_relay so a button press
+  //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first),
+  //   2. harden (relay password + disable unused protocol channels), and
+  //   3. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
+  // Each step is a device config write (the device reboots on apply).
+  try {
+    if (hasPreconditions(device)) {
+      const fixed = await device.fixPreconditions();
+      if (!fixed.ok) {
+        const unfixable = fixed.issues.find((i) => !i.fixable);
+        return {
+          error: {
+            code: 502,
+            message: `device precondition not satisfied: ${unfixable?.message ?? fixed.issues[0]?.message}`,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isHardenable(device)) {
+      const { secrets, warnings } = await device.harden();
+      Object.assign(fullConfig, secrets); // e.g. relayPassword
+      // Surface residual-risk warnings (e.g. firmware that won't disable the
+      // password-less string protocol) so the admin can act (web-UI step).
+      for (const w of warnings ?? []) {
+        app.log.warn(`harden(${driverId} ${id}): ${w}`);
+        hardenWarnings.push(w);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasPushConfig(device)) {
+      const host = String(config.host ?? "");
+      // Admin-provided backend IP wins; else auto-derive (on-subnet NIC).
+      const pushHost = backendIp ?? backendIpForDevice(host);
+      if (!pushHost) {
+        return {
+          error: {
+            code: 400,
+            message: `cannot determine the backend IP on the device's subnet (${host}). Pick one in setup or set BACKEND_HOST_IP.`,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      const pushUser = "dingtian";
+      // 24 hex chars = 96 bits. The Dingtian `pass` field caps at 31 chars
+      // (longer is silently truncated → auth mismatch), so keep it short.
+      const pushPassword = randomBytes(12).toString("hex");
+      await device.configureInputPush({
+        host: pushHost,
+        port: backendPort(),
+        pathBase: `/api/devices/${driverId}/${id}/input`,
+        auth: { user: pushUser, password: pushPassword },
+      });
+      fullConfig.pushUser = pushUser;
+      fullConfig.pushPassword = pushPassword;
+      // Record the backend IP the device was told to push to — lets us detect
+      // a later mismatch if the host's IP changes.
+      fullConfig.backendIp = pushHost;
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    return { error: { code: 502, message: `device configuration failed: ${(err as Error).message}` } };
+  }
+
+  return { config: fullConfig, warnings: hardenWarnings };
+}
+
 export async function setupRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
   registerBuiltinDrivers();
   setDeviceLogSink((line) => app.log.info(line));
 
-  // Setup endpoints require an admin (cookie-based JWT — see ../auth.ts).
+  // Device setup is site administration — it changes which hardware the site runs
-  const adminGuard = requireRole("admin");
+  // and how readers bind to relays. Gated on site:update. See ../auth.ts.
+  const adminGuard = requirePermission("site:update");
 
   // Catalog of selectable drivers per category (no secrets — schema only).
   // `discoverable` flags drivers that can scan the LAN; `pushCapable` flags
@@ -166,100 +288,69 @@ export async function setupRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
       }
 
       const id = randomUUID();
-      const fullConfig: Record<string, unknown> = { ...config };
+      const outcome = await configureDevice(app, { id, driverId, config, backendIp });
-      // The web password the admin typed is a DESIRED value, not a stored fact:
+      if ("error" in outcome) {
-      // it's passed to the driver (via create(config) below) as the rotation
+        return reply.code(outcome.error.code).send({ error: outcome.error.message });
-      // target, but we do NOT persist it from the form. Only harden()'s VERIFIED
-      // secrets.webPassword gets saved — otherwise a failed rotation would leave
-      // the DB claiming a password the device never accepted (login stays old).
-      delete fullConfig.webPassword;
-      // webPasswordCurrent is an input-only credential (the OLD password used to
-      // authorize the change) — never persist it as typed.
-      delete fullConfig.webPasswordCurrent;
-      // Residual-risk warnings from device hardening (shown to the admin; the
-      // save still succeeds — these are "configured, but note X" advisories).
-      const hardenWarnings: string[] = [];
-
-      let device;
-      try {
-        device = registry.create(driverId, config); // validates required fields
-      } catch (err) {
-        return reply.code(400).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
-      }
-
-      // Configure the device on save (before persisting, so we don't store a row
-      // for a device we couldn't configure):
-      //   1. fix preconditions (e.g. disable input_link_relay so a button press
-      //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first),
-      //   2. harden (relay password + disable unused protocol channels), and
-      //   3. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
-      // Each step is a device config write (the device reboots on apply).
-      try {
-        if (hasPreconditions(device)) {
-          const fixed = await device.fixPreconditions();
-          if (!fixed.ok) {
-            const unfixable = fixed.issues.find((i) => !i.fixable);
-            return reply.code(502).send({
-              error: `device precondition not satisfied: ${unfixable?.message ?? fixed.issues[0]?.message}`,
-            });
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (isHardenable(device)) {
-          const { secrets, warnings } = await device.harden();
-          Object.assign(fullConfig, secrets); // e.g. relayPassword
-          // Surface residual-risk warnings (e.g. firmware that won't disable the
-          // password-less string protocol) so the admin can act (web-UI step).
-          for (const w of warnings ?? []) {
-            app.log.warn(`harden(${driverId} ${id}): ${w}`);
-            hardenWarnings.push(w);
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (hasPushConfig(device)) {
-          const host = String(config.host ?? "");
-          // Admin-provided backend IP wins; else auto-derive (on-subnet NIC).
-          const pushHost = backendIp ?? backendIpForDevice(host);
-          if (!pushHost) {
-            return reply.code(400).send({
-              error: `cannot determine the backend IP on the device's subnet (${host}). Pick one in setup or set BACKEND_HOST_IP.`,
-            });
-          }
-          const pushUser = "dingtian";
-          // 24 hex chars = 96 bits. The Dingtian `pass` field caps at 31 chars
-          // (longer is silently truncated → auth mismatch), so keep it short.
-          const pushPassword = randomBytes(12).toString("hex");
-          await device.configureInputPush({
-            host: pushHost,
-            port: backendPort(),
-            pathBase: `/api/devices/${driverId}/${id}/input`,
-            auth: { user: pushUser, password: pushPassword },
-          });
-          fullConfig.pushUser = pushUser;
-          fullConfig.pushPassword = pushPassword;
-          // Record the backend IP the device was told to push to — lets us detect
-          // a later mismatch if the host's IP changes.
-          fullConfig.backendIp = pushHost;
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        return reply
-          .code(502)
-          .send({ error: `device configuration failed: ${(err as Error).message}` });
       }
 
       const row = {
         id,
         category,
         driverId,
-        config: fullConfig,
+        config: outcome.config,
         enabled: true,
       };
       await db.insert(devices).values(row);
       // Don't echo device secrets back (push Digest password, web-UI login, …).
       return reply.code(201).send({
         ...row,
-        config: redactSecrets(fullConfig),
+        config: redactSecrets(outcome.config),
-        ...(hardenWarnings.length ? { warnings: hardenWarnings } : {}),
+        ...(outcome.warnings.length ? { warnings: outcome.warnings } : {}),
+      });
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Edit an assigned device in place. Same configure pipeline as assign, but it
+  // UPDATEs the existing row and KEEPS the id — which matters for controllers,
+  // since the id is baked into the device's input-push URL
+  // (/api/devices/:driverId/:id/input). Delete+re-add would mint a new id and
+  // break push until reconfigured; PATCH re-runs harden/push against the same id.
+  // The category and driver are fixed at create time (an edit can't change what
+  // KIND of device a slot is); only config changes. Admin-only.
+  app.patch<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: Omit<AssignBody, "category" | "driverId"> }>(
+    "/api/setup/assign/:id",
+    { preHandler: adminGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const existing = await db
+        .select()
+        .from(devices)
+        .where(eq(devices.id, req.params.id))
+        .get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such device assignment" });
+
+      const { config, backendIp } = req.body;
+      const outcome = await configureDevice(app, {
+        id: existing.id,
+        driverId: existing.driverId,
+        config,
+        backendIp,
+        // Carry forward machine-only secrets the client never received, so an
+        // edit that omits them doesn't blank out push/relay passwords.
+        existingConfig: existing.config,
+      });
+      if ("error" in outcome) {
+        return reply.code(outcome.error.code).send({ error: outcome.error.message });
+      }
+
+      await db.update(devices).set({ config: outcome.config }).where(eq(devices.id, existing.id));
+      app.log.info(`reconfigured device ${existing.id} (${existing.category}/${existing.driverId})`);
+      return reply.code(200).send({
+        id: existing.id,
+        category: existing.category,
+        driverId: existing.driverId,
+        config: redactSecrets(outcome.config),
+        enabled: existing.enabled,
+        ...(outcome.warnings.length ? { warnings: outcome.warnings } : {}),
       });
     },
   );

apps/server/src/routes/shift.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,65 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import {
+  InvalidCashMovementError,
   NoOpenShiftError,
   ShiftAlreadyOpenError,
   type ShiftService,
 } from "../shift-service.js";
 
+interface CashMovementBody {
+  /** Signed minor units: positive = load INTO drawer, negative = remove FROM drawer. */
+  amountMinor: number;
+  reason?: string;
+  currency?: string;
+}
+
 // Shift endpoints (manned mode). The operator is the logged-in user; a shift is
 // opened/closed explicitly (not time-based — see wiki/concepts/shift.md and
 // local-jwt-auth.md "until logout"). End Shift signs a shift_z_report + prints it.
 
 export async function shiftRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, shift: ShiftService): Promise<void> {
-  // Cashier/operator/admin run shifts; readonly can't.
+  // Reading the shift state vs. opening/closing one's own shift.
-  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier");
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("shift:read");
+  const guard = requirePermission("shift:create");
 
-  // Is the current operator's shift open? (For the UI to show Start vs. End.)
+  // The SITE-WIDE shift state (at most one shift open at a time). The UI uses this
-  app.get("/api/shift/current", { preHandler: guard }, async (req) => {
+  // to render the header control: no shift → "Open"; my shift → "Close" (enabled);
-    const operator = req.user.username;
+  // someone else's shift → disabled. Also returns the live drawer balance.
-    const open = shift.openShiftFor(operator);
+  //  - open:    the open shift { startedAt, operator } or null (site-wide)
-    return { operator, open: open ? { startedAt: open.occurredAt } : null };
+  //  - isMine:  true iff the open shift belongs to the requesting operator
+  //  - operator: the requesting user (for the UI's own identity)
+  app.get("/api/shift/current", { preHandler: readGuard }, async (req) => {
+    const me = req.user.username;
+    const open = shift.currentOpenShift();
+    const heldBy = open?.identity ?? null;
+    const drawer = shift.drawerBalance();
+    return {
+      operator: me,
+      open: open ? { startedAt: open.occurredAt, operator: heldBy } : null,
+      isMine: open != null && heldBy === me,
+      drawerMinor: drawer.balanceMinor,
+      currency: drawer.currency,
+    };
   });
 
+  // Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash (the float). Signed cash_movement
+  // event. ADMIN ONLY — an operator takes payments but cannot move the float.
+  // amountMinor is signed: + load IN, − remove OUT. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: CashMovementBody }>(
+    "/api/cash-movement",
+    { preHandler: requirePermission("shift:cash") },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const { amountMinor, reason, currency } = req.body ?? ({} as CashMovementBody);
+      try {
+        return await shift.recordCashMovement(req.user.username, amountMinor, reason ?? "", currency);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof InvalidCashMovementError) return reply.code(400).send({ error: err.message });
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
   app.post("/api/shift/open", { preHandler: guard }, async (req, reply) => {
     try {
       return await shift.open(req.user.username);

apps/server/src/routes/site.ts

@@ -1,43 +1,112 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { eq, siteConfig, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 import { getOccupancy } from "../occupancy.js";
 
 // Site config (capacity) + live occupancy. Occupancy is a fold over the signed
 // ledger; capacity is an admin-set knob. The FULL gate (refuse transient entry at
 // capacity) lives in the entry flow. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
 
-interface SiteConfigBody {
+// Optional park-metadata text fields (all nullable). Trimmed; "" → null.
+const TEXT_FIELDS = [
+  "parkName",
+  "operatorName",
+  "nius",
+  "address",
+  "phone",
+  "email",
+  // IANA timezone for tariff wall-clock windows (copied into each published version).
+  "timezone",
+  // Default vehicle/customer category frozen onto each transient entry.
+  "defaultVehicleCategory",
+] as const;
+type TextField = (typeof TEXT_FIELDS)[number];
+
+interface SiteConfigBody extends Partial<Record<TextField, string | null>> {
   /** Nominal capacity; null = no limit. */
+  capacity?: number | null;
+  /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
+  exitVoucherDefault?: boolean;
+  /** Site default monthly subscription price in minor units (pre-fills the form). */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor?: number | null;
+}
+
+/** Shape returned by GET/PUT: capacity + the booth flag + the subscription default
+ *  + every metadata field. */
+type SiteConfig = {
   capacity: number | null;
+  exitVoucherDefault: boolean;
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: number | null;
+} & Record<TextField, string | null>;
+
+function toSiteConfig(row: typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect | undefined): SiteConfig {
+  const out = {
+    capacity: row?.capacity ?? null,
+    exitVoucherDefault: row?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false,
+    subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: row?.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor ?? null,
+  } as SiteConfig;
+  for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) out[f] = row?.[f] ?? null;
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Trim a text field; empty string becomes null so blank input clears it. */
+function normText(v: unknown): string | null {
+  if (v == null) return null;
+  const s = String(v).trim();
+  return s === "" ? null : s;
 }
 
 export async function siteRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
-  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("site:read");
-  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+  const writeGuard = requirePermission("site:update");
 
   // Live occupancy: cars inside, capacity, free, full. Any signed-in role.
   app.get("/api/occupancy", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => getOccupancy(db));
 
-  // Read site config (capacity).
+  // Read site config (capacity + park metadata).
   app.get("/api/site-config", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
     const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
-    return { capacity: row?.capacity ?? null };
+    return toSiteConfig(row);
   });
 
-  // Set capacity (admin). null or 0+ integer.
+  // Set site config (admin). Capacity: null or 0+ integer. Metadata: optional text
+  // (only the fields PRESENT in the body are updated; absent fields are untouched).
   app.put<{ Body: SiteConfigBody }>("/api/site-config", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
-    const { capacity } = req.body ?? ({} as SiteConfigBody);
+    const body = req.body ?? ({} as SiteConfigBody);
-    if (capacity != null && (!Number.isInteger(capacity) || capacity < 0)) {
+
+    const patch: Partial<typeof siteConfig.$inferInsert> = {};
+    if ("capacity" in body) {
+      const c = body.capacity;
+      if (c != null && (!Number.isInteger(c) || c < 0)) {
         return reply.code(400).send({ error: "capacity must be a non-negative integer or null" });
       }
+      patch.capacity = c ?? null;
+    }
+    if ("exitVoucherDefault" in body) {
+      if (typeof body.exitVoucherDefault !== "boolean") {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "exitVoucherDefault must be a boolean" });
+      }
+      patch.exitVoucherDefault = body.exitVoucherDefault;
+    }
+    if ("subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor" in body) {
+      const p = body.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor;
+      if (p != null && (!Number.isInteger(p) || p < 0)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor must be a non-negative integer or null" });
+      }
+      patch.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor = p ?? null;
+    }
+    for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) {
+      if (f in body) patch[f] = normText(body[f]);
+    }
+
     const existing = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
     const updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
     if (existing) {
-      db.update(siteConfig).set({ capacity: capacity ?? null, updatedAt }).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).run();
+      db.update(siteConfig).set({ ...patch, updatedAt }).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).run();
     } else {
-      db.insert(siteConfig).values({ id: 1, capacity: capacity ?? null, updatedAt }).run();
+      db.insert(siteConfig).values({ id: 1, ...patch, updatedAt }).run();
     }
-    return { capacity: capacity ?? null };
+    const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    return toSiteConfig(row);
   });
 }

apps/server/src/routes/snapshots.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { desc, eq, snapshots, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
 
 // Read access to captured entry/exit snapshots (the BLOB-in-DB image store, see
 // packages/db schema + wiki/concepts/lane-direction.md). Snapshots are evidence
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
 // never via the API.
 
 export async function snapshotRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
-  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const guard = requirePermission("session:read");
 
   // Snapshot metadata for one session/credential identity (NOT the bytes), newest
   // first — lets the UI show "entry/exit image" links beside an event.

apps/server/src/routes/subscriptions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+import { randomBytes, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, devices, subscriptionCredentials, subscriptionPlates, subscriptions, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { NoPrinterAvailableError } from "@parking/devices";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
+import { printSubscriptionCard } from "../booth-print.js";
+import type { CredentialCapture } from "../credential-capture.js";
+import { directionOf } from "../device-resolve.js";
+
+// Subscription admin CRUD. A subscription is mutable master data — admins
+// grant/edit/revoke — but every USE of it is a signed ledger event, so the audit
+// trail stays append-only (see wiki/entities/subscription.md). A subscription is an
+// aggregate: the row + its credentials (card/QR) + its bound plates. The API treats
+// them as one unit (create/update replace the child sets; delete removes all).
+//
+// Pricing: priceMinor + period ("monthly") + currency record the recurring plan
+// (e.g. 10,000 ALL / month). Collecting the fee into the ledger/shift is deferred —
+// here we just store the agreed price and the coverage window.
+
+interface Credential {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  /** For RF: the physical card/tag id (required). For QR: optional — left blank, the
+   *  server AUTO-GENERATES an unguessable code (the customer never picks it). */
+  value?: string;
+}
+interface SubscriptionBody {
+  holderName?: string;
+  contact?: string;
+  /** Recurring price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00). null = no price set. */
+  priceMinor?: number | null;
+  period?: "monthly";
+  /** ISO-4217 currency of priceMinor (e.g. "ALL"). */
+  currency?: string | null;
+  /** Car-count binding: cars inside at once. Default 1; null = unbound. */
+  maxConcurrent?: number | null;
+  validFrom?: string | null;
+  validTo?: string | null;
+  /** Months paid for. When set (with validFrom), validTo = validFrom + months — the
+   *  multi-month case (e.g. 3 months). Takes precedence over an explicit validTo. */
+  months?: number | null;
+  status?: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
+  credentials?: Credential[];
+  /** Plate binding (optional): bound plates that also serve as identity. */
+  plates?: string[];
+}
+
+/** Mint an unguessable QR credential value. Namespaced + crypto-random; the reader
+ *  delivers the full string over TCP/IP (the host-in-the-loop path), so length is
+ *  free. base32 (Crockford-ish, no 0/1/O/I ambiguity), uppercased. */
+function newQrCode(): string {
+  const alphabet = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+  const bytes = randomBytes(15);
+  let out = "";
+  for (const b of bytes) out += alphabet[b % 32];
+  return `SUB-${out}`;
+}
+
+/** Add whole months to an ISO datetime, clamping day overflow (e.g. Jan 31 +1mo →
+ *  Feb 28/29). Returns ISO. */
+function addMonths(iso: string, months: number): string {
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  const day = d.getUTCDate();
+  d.setUTCMonth(d.getUTCMonth() + months);
+  // If the month rolled past (e.g. day 31 → next month had fewer days), clamp back.
+  if (d.getUTCDate() < day) d.setUTCDate(0);
+  return d.toISOString();
+}
+
+export async function subscriptionRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  db: Db,
+  capture: CredentialCapture,
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Reading/looking up subscriptions vs. managing them. Revoke folds into update.
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("subscription:read");
+  const createGuard = requirePermission("subscription:create");
+  const updateGuard = requirePermission("subscription:update");
+  const deleteGuard = requirePermission("subscription:delete");
+
+  // Validate the body; returns problems (empty = ok). Shared by create + update.
+  function validate(b: SubscriptionBody): string[] {
+    const errs: string[] = [];
+    if (b.maxConcurrent != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.maxConcurrent) || b.maxConcurrent < 1) {
+        errs.push("maxConcurrent must be a positive integer, or null for unbound");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.priceMinor != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.priceMinor) || b.priceMinor < 0) {
+        errs.push("priceMinor must be a non-negative integer (minor units), or null");
+      }
+      if (!b.currency?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("currency is required when a price is set");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.period != null && b.period !== "monthly") {
+      errs.push("period must be 'monthly' (the only period supported today)");
+    }
+    if (b.months != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.months) || b.months < 1) {
+        errs.push("months must be a positive integer");
+      }
+      if (!b.validFrom?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("validFrom is required when months is set (validTo = validFrom + months)");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.status && !["active", "suspended", "revoked"].includes(b.status)) {
+      errs.push("status must be active|suspended|revoked");
+    }
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      if (c.kind !== "rf" && c.kind !== "qr") {
+        errs.push("each credential needs kind (rf|qr)");
+        break;
+      }
+      // RF must carry the physical card id; QR may be blank (server auto-generates).
+      if (c.kind === "rf" && !c.value?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("an RF credential needs a non-empty value (the card/tag id)");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if ((b.credentials?.length ?? 0) === 0 && (b.plates?.length ?? 0) === 0) {
+      errs.push("a subscription needs at least one credential or one bound plate (else nothing identifies it)");
+    }
+    return errs;
+  }
+
+  function loadAggregate(id: string) {
+    const sub = db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, id)).get();
+    if (!sub) return null;
+    const credentials = db.select().from(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, id)).all();
+    const plates = db.select().from(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, id)).all();
+    return {
+      ...sub,
+      credentials: credentials.map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value })),
+      plates: plates.map((p) => p.plate),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Is this credential value already used by ANY subscription? (Global uniqueness —
+   *  a value is the lane identity, so it must resolve to one subscription.) */
+  function valueTaken(value: string): boolean {
+    return db.select().from(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.value, value)).get() != null;
+  }
+
+  /** A fresh, collision-free QR code (retries on the astronomically unlikely clash). */
+  function mintQrCode(): string {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i += 1) {
+      const code = newQrCode();
+      if (!valueTaken(code)) return code;
+    }
+    throw new Error("could not mint a unique QR code");
+  }
+
+  // Replace a subscription's child rows (credentials + plates) from the body. QR
+  // credentials with no value are SERVER-GENERATED here (the customer never picks the
+  // code). The generated value is returned via loadAggregate so the UI can print it.
+  function writeChildren(id: string, b: SubscriptionBody) {
+    db.delete(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, id)).run();
+    db.delete(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, id)).run();
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      const supplied = c.value?.trim();
+      // QR + blank → auto-generate; otherwise use the supplied value (RF card id, or a
+      // QR being preserved on edit).
+      const value = supplied && supplied.length > 0 ? supplied : c.kind === "qr" ? mintQrCode() : "";
+      if (!value) continue; // guarded by validate(); defensive
+      db.insert(subscriptionCredentials).values({ id: randomUUID(), subscriptionId: id, kind: c.kind, value }).run();
+    }
+    for (const p of b.plates ?? []) {
+      if (p.trim()) db.insert(subscriptionPlates).values({ id: randomUUID(), subscriptionId: id, plate: p.trim() }).run();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve the coverage end: months (validFrom + months) wins over an explicit validTo. */
+  function resolveValidTo(b: SubscriptionBody, fallback: string | null): string | null {
+    if (b.months != null && b.validFrom?.trim()) return addMonths(b.validFrom.trim(), b.months);
+    if (b.validTo !== undefined) return b.validTo ?? null;
+    return fallback;
+  }
+
+  // List all subscriptions (with their credentials + plates).
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(subscriptions).all();
+    return { subscriptions: rows.map((r) => loadAggregate(r.id)) };
+  });
+
+  // --- Credential capture ("enroll a card") -------------------------------
+  // The operator picks a reader and presents an RFID card to it; the next read on
+  // that reader is captured for the form instead of opening a barrier. The OTHER
+  // reader keeps serving the live flow. Single-shot + TTL. See credential-capture.ts.
+
+  // The readers the operator can capture on (entry/exit by their bound relay).
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions/readers", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.category, "reader")).all();
+    return {
+      readers: rows
+        .filter((r) => r.enabled)
+        .map((r) => ({ id: r.id, driverId: r.driverId, direction: directionOf(db, r) })),
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Arm capture on a reader (by devices.id). Operator-or-admin (booth action).
+  app.post<{ Body: { deviceId?: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/capture/arm",
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const deviceId = (req.body?.deviceId ?? "").trim();
+      if (!deviceId) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "deviceId required" });
+      const reader = db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.id, deviceId)).get();
+      if (!reader || reader.category !== "reader" || !reader.enabled) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such enabled reader" });
+      }
+      return capture.arm(deviceId);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Poll the capture state (idle | armed | captured | expired). The form polls this
+  // and, on "captured", reads `value` into the credential field then clears it.
+  app.get("/api/subscriptions/capture", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => capture.state());
+
+  // Operator cancelled / closed the form — disarm and clear any result.
+  app.post("/api/subscriptions/capture/cancel", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    capture.cancel();
+    capture.clear();
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
+  // Create a subscription.
+  app.post<{ Body: SubscriptionBody }>("/api/subscriptions", { preHandler: createGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const b = req.body ?? {};
+    const problems = validate(b);
+    if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid subscription", problems });
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    db.insert(subscriptions)
+      .values({
+        id,
+        holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+        contact: b.contact ?? null,
+        priceMinor: b.priceMinor ?? null,
+        period: b.period ?? "monthly",
+        currency: b.priceMinor != null ? (b.currency ?? null) : null,
+        maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? 1 : b.maxConcurrent,
+        validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+        validTo: resolveValidTo(b, null),
+        status: b.status ?? "active",
+      })
+      .run();
+    writeChildren(id, b);
+    const sub = loadAggregate(id);
+    // Auto-print the QR card so the operator can hand it to the customer. Best-effort:
+    // a print failure NEVER fails the create (the subscription + its code are saved);
+    // the response carries { printed, printError } so the UI can warn + offer reprint.
+    const printResult = await tryPrintCard(sub);
+    return reply.code(201).send({ ...sub, ...printResult });
+  });
+
+  /** The first QR credential's code for a subscription aggregate, or null. */
+  function qrCodeOf(sub: ReturnType<typeof loadAggregate>): string | null {
+    const cred = sub?.credentials.find((c) => c.kind === "qr");
+    return cred?.value ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /** Best-effort print of a subscription's QR card. Returns a flag + optional error
+   *  (never throws). No QR credential → nothing to print (printed:false, no error). */
+  async function tryPrintCard(
+    sub: ReturnType<typeof loadAggregate>,
+  ): Promise<{ printed: boolean; printedBy?: string; printError?: string }> {
+    const code = qrCodeOf(sub);
+    if (!sub || !code) return { printed: false };
+    try {
+      const printedBy = await printSubscriptionCard(
+        db,
+        { code, holderName: sub.holderName, validFrom: sub.validFrom, validTo: sub.validTo },
+        app.log,
+      );
+      return { printed: true, printedBy };
+    } catch (err) {
+      const printError = err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError ? err.message : (err as Error).message;
+      app.log.warn(`subscription card print failed for ${sub.id}: ${printError}`);
+      return { printed: false, printError };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Update a subscription (replaces fields + child sets).
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: SubscriptionBody }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id",
+    { preHandler: updateGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const existing = db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      const b = req.body ?? {};
+      const problems = validate(b);
+      if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid subscription", problems });
+      db.update(subscriptions)
+        .set({
+          holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+          contact: b.contact ?? null,
+          priceMinor: b.priceMinor === undefined ? existing.priceMinor : b.priceMinor,
+          period: b.period ?? existing.period,
+          currency:
+            b.priceMinor === undefined
+              ? existing.currency
+              : b.priceMinor != null
+                ? (b.currency ?? null)
+                : null,
+          maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? existing.maxConcurrent : b.maxConcurrent,
+          validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+          validTo: resolveValidTo(b, existing.validTo),
+          status: b.status ?? existing.status,
+        })
+        .where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id))
+        .run();
+      writeChildren(req.params.id, b);
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Re-print the subscription's QR card (failed auto-print, lost card, re-hand to the
+  // customer). Operator-or-admin (it's a booth action, not a master-data edit). 404 if
+  // the subscription is gone; 409 if it has no QR credential; 503 if no printer.
+  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id/print",
+    { preHandler: readGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const sub = loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+      if (!sub) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      const code = qrCodeOf(sub);
+      if (!code) return reply.code(409).send({ error: "subscription has no QR credential to print" });
+      try {
+        const printedBy = await printSubscriptionCard(
+          db,
+          { code, holderName: sub.holderName, validFrom: sub.validFrom, validTo: sub.validTo },
+          app.log,
+        );
+        return reply.code(200).send({ ok: true, printedBy });
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError) return reply.code(503).send({ error: err.message });
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Revoke (soft): the common case — keeps the subscription + its history, just bars
+  // it. A revoked subscription fails the entry check (see subscription-flow.ts). Use
+  // DELETE only to fully remove one created in error.
+  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id/revoke",
+    { preHandler: updateGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.update(subscriptions).set({ status: "revoked" }).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Hard delete a subscription + its child rows. (Past ledger events that reference it
+  // are untouched — the audit trail is append-only and independent of this row.)
+  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/subscriptions/:id",
+    { preHandler: deleteGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.delete(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "subscription not found" });
+      db.delete(subscriptionCredentials).where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.subscriptionId, req.params.id)).run();
+      db.delete(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.subscriptionId, req.params.id)).run();
+      return reply.code(204).send();
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/tariffs.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { desc, eq, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, eq, siteConfig, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { validateTariffStructure, type TariffStructure } from "@parking/shared";
+import { isTariffV2, validateTariffStructure, type TariffStructure } from "@parking/shared";
-import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
+
+/** Default site timezone for wall-clock tariff windows when none is configured. */
+const DEFAULT_TZ = "Europe/Tirane";
 
 // Tariff composer API — the admin builds + edits the rate card at runtime. Tariffs
 // are EFFECTIVE-DATED IMMUTABLE VERSIONS: editing publishes a new version, never
@@ -20,10 +23,10 @@ interface PublishBody {
 const SITE_TARIFF_NAME = "Site tariff";
 
 export async function tariffRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
-  // Any signed-in role may READ the tariff (the pay station / operator UI needs it).
+  // Reading the rate card (pay station / operator UI needs it).
-  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("tariff:read");
-  // Only an admin may PUBLISH a new version (it changes what customers are charged).
+  // Publishing a new version changes what customers are charged.
-  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+  const writeGuard = requirePermission("tariff:update");
 
   // The single site tariff row, created on first read/publish.
   function ensureSiteTariff(): string {
@@ -58,18 +61,53 @@ export async function tariffRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void>
       if (!currency || typeof currency !== "string" || currency.length < 3) {
         return reply.code(400).send({ error: "currency (ISO 4217) required" });
       }
-      const problems = validateTariffStructure(structure);
+      // For a windowed (V2) structure, stamp the wall-clock timezone from SITE config
+      // (not the client) BEFORE validating — so the frozen tz is authoritative and the
+      // validation that requires tz passes. A V1 (bare) structure is left untouched.
+      let toStore: TariffStructure = structure;
+      if (structure && isTariffV2(structure)) {
+        const cfg = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+        const tz = cfg?.timezone && cfg.timezone.length > 0 ? cfg.timezone : DEFAULT_TZ;
+        toStore = { ...structure, tz };
+      }
+
+      const problems = validateTariffStructure(toStore);
       if (problems.length) {
         return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid tariff structure", problems });
       }
+
+      // effectiveFrom must NOT be in the past. A version is selected by
+      // "latest effectiveFrom <= entry time", so a backdated effectiveFrom would
+      // retroactively reprice already-entered sessions — exactly the immutability
+      // the versioning exists to prevent (wiki/concepts/tariff.md). So we forbid
+      // backdating: a new version applies only from publish (now) forward; a future
+      // effectiveFrom (scheduling a price change) is allowed. A small skew tolerance
+      // absorbs client/server clock drift + request round-trip. Once a car has
+      // entered, no later publish can reprice it (no effectiveFrom can predate it).
+      const now = Date.now();
+      const SKEW_MS = 60_000; // 1 min: clock skew + round-trip slack
+      let effective = new Date().toISOString();
+      if (effectiveFrom != null) {
+        const t = Date.parse(effectiveFrom);
+        if (Number.isNaN(t)) {
+          return reply.code(400).send({ error: "effectiveFrom must be a valid ISO-8601 timestamp" });
+        }
+        if (t < now - SKEW_MS) {
+          return reply.code(400).send({
+            error: "effectiveFrom cannot be in the past — backdating a tariff would retroactively reprice entered sessions",
+          });
+        }
+        effective = new Date(t).toISOString();
+      }
+
       const tariffId = ensureSiteTariff();
       const id = randomUUID();
       const row = {
         id,
         tariffId,
-        effectiveFrom: effectiveFrom ?? new Date().toISOString(),
+        effectiveFrom: effective,
         currency,
-        structure: structure as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+        structure: toStore as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
         createdBy: req.user?.username ?? null,
       };
       db.insert(tariffVersions).values(row).run();

apps/server/src/routes/users.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import bcrypt from "bcrypt";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, roles, users, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { ADMIN_ROLE_ID } from "@parking/shared";
+import { permissionsFor, requirePermission } from "../auth.js";
+
+// User management (admin). Users are created/edited at runtime here — the
+// install-time seed-admin.mjs only bootstraps the FIRST admin. Each user has one
+// role (RBAC); the role resolves to a permission set at request time. Passwords
+// are bcrypt-hashed (cost 12) and never returned. See @parking/shared PERMISSIONS.
+//
+// NO-LOCKOUT INVARIANT: the app refuses to delete, or move off the `admin` role,
+// the LAST user still holding `admin`. Administration can therefore never be
+// locked out of the appliance. See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
+//
+// PRIVILEGE-ESCALATION GUARD: a non-admin caller with `user:*` must NOT be able to
+// (a) ASSIGN a role whose permissions exceed their own (e.g. hand themselves or a
+// peer the admin role, or any role broader than theirs), nor (b) MODIFY a user who
+// already holds a role broader than the caller's (resetting an admin's password is
+// account takeover; deleting an admin is sabotage). Both are blocked below by
+// comparing permission SETS. An admin holds the full set, so it is unrestricted.
+
+interface CreateBody {
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+  roleId: string;
+}
+interface UpdateBody {
+  username?: string;
+  roleId?: string;
+}
+interface PasswordBody {
+  password: string;
+}
+
+const MIN_PASSWORD = 8;
+
+export async function userRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  const readGuard = requirePermission("user:read");
+  const createGuard = requirePermission("user:create");
+  const updateGuard = requirePermission("user:update");
+  const deleteGuard = requirePermission("user:delete");
+
+  /** Count users currently holding the protected admin role. */
+  function adminCount(): number {
+    return db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.roleId, ADMIN_ROLE_ID)).all().length;
+  }
+
+  /** True if removing/relocating `userId` from admin would leave zero admins. */
+  function isLastAdmin(userId: string): boolean {
+    const u = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, userId)).get();
+    return u?.roleId === ADMIN_ROLE_ID && adminCount() <= 1;
+  }
+
+  /** A user row safe to return — never the password hash. */
+  function publicUser(u: { id: string; username: string; roleId: string; language: string; createdAt: string }) {
+    return { id: u.id, username: u.username, roleId: u.roleId, language: u.language, createdAt: u.createdAt };
+  }
+
+  /** True if `targetRoleId` grants any permission the caller's role does NOT hold,
+   *  i.e. assigning or touching it would let the caller act beyond their own
+   *  privileges. (Admin holds the full set, so it never trips.) */
+  function exceedsCaller(callerRoleId: string, targetRoleId: string): boolean {
+    if (callerRoleId === targetRoleId) return false;
+    const held = permissionsFor(callerRoleId);
+    for (const p of permissionsFor(targetRoleId)) {
+      if (!held.has(p)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // List all users (no password hashes) + their role names for display.
+  app.get("/api/users", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(users).all();
+    const roleRows = db.select().from(roles).all();
+    const roleName = new Map(roleRows.map((r) => [r.id, r.name]));
+    return {
+      users: rows.map((u) => ({ ...publicUser(u), roleName: roleName.get(u.roleId) ?? u.roleId })),
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Create a user. Username unique; password >= 8 chars; roleId must exist.
+  app.post<{ Body: CreateBody }>("/api/users", { preHandler: createGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const username = (req.body?.username ?? "").trim();
+    const password = req.body?.password ?? "";
+    const roleId = (req.body?.roleId ?? "").trim();
+    if (!username || !roleId) {
+      return reply.code(400).send({ error: "username and roleId required" });
+    }
+    if (password.length < MIN_PASSWORD) {
+      return reply.code(400).send({ error: `password must be at least ${MIN_PASSWORD} characters` });
+    }
+    if (!db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, roleId)).get()) {
+      return reply.code(400).send({ error: "unknown roleId" });
+    }
+    // No-escalation: can't create a user with a role broader than your own.
+    if (exceedsCaller(req.user.roleId, roleId)) {
+      return reply.code(403).send({ error: "cannot assign a role with permissions beyond your own" });
+    }
+    if (db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.username, username)).get()) {
+      return reply.code(409).send({ error: "username already exists" });
+    }
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(password, 12);
+    db.insert(users).values({ id, username, passwordHash, roleId }).run();
+    const created = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).get()!;
+    return reply.code(201).send(publicUser(created));
+  });
+
+  // Update a user's username and/or role. Guarded against orphaning admin.
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: UpdateBody }>(
+    "/api/users/:id",
+    { preHandler: updateGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const id = req.params.id;
+      const existing = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "user not found" });
+      // No-escalation: can't modify a user who already outranks you.
+      if (exceedsCaller(req.user.roleId, existing.roleId)) {
+        return reply.code(403).send({ error: "cannot modify a user whose role exceeds your own" });
+      }
+
+      const next: { username?: string; roleId?: string } = {};
+      if (req.body?.username != null) {
+        const username = req.body.username.trim();
+        if (!username) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "username cannot be empty" });
+        const clash = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.username, username)).get();
+        if (clash && clash.id !== id) return reply.code(409).send({ error: "username already exists" });
+        next.username = username;
+      }
+      if (req.body?.roleId != null) {
+        const roleId = req.body.roleId.trim();
+        if (!db.select().from(roles).where(eq(roles.id, roleId)).get()) {
+          return reply.code(400).send({ error: "unknown roleId" });
+        }
+        // No-escalation: can't promote a user into a role broader than your own.
+        if (exceedsCaller(req.user.roleId, roleId)) {
+          return reply.code(403).send({ error: "cannot assign a role with permissions beyond your own" });
+        }
+        // No-lockout: don't move the last admin off the admin role.
+        if (roleId !== ADMIN_ROLE_ID && isLastAdmin(id)) {
+          return reply.code(409).send({ error: "cannot change the role of the last admin" });
+        }
+        next.roleId = roleId;
+      }
+      if (Object.keys(next).length === 0) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "nothing to update" });
+      }
+      db.update(users).set(next).where(eq(users.id, id)).run();
+      return publicUser(db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).get()!);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Reset a user's password (admin sets a new one; >= 8 chars).
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: PasswordBody }>(
+    "/api/users/:id/password",
+    { preHandler: updateGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const id = req.params.id;
+      const target = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).get();
+      if (!target) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "user not found" });
+      }
+      // No-escalation: can't reset the password of a user who outranks you
+      // (that would be account takeover of a more-privileged account).
+      if (exceedsCaller(req.user.roleId, target.roleId)) {
+        return reply.code(403).send({ error: "cannot reset the password of a user whose role exceeds your own" });
+      }
+      const password = req.body?.password ?? "";
+      if (password.length < MIN_PASSWORD) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `password must be at least ${MIN_PASSWORD} characters` });
+      }
+      const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(password, 12);
+      db.update(users).set({ passwordHash }).where(eq(users.id, id)).run();
+      return { ok: true };
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Delete a user. Refused if it's the last admin (no-lockout).
+  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/users/:id",
+    { preHandler: deleteGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const id = req.params.id;
+      const target = db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).get();
+      if (!target) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "user not found" });
+      }
+      // No-escalation: can't delete a user who outranks you.
+      if (exceedsCaller(req.user.roleId, target.roleId)) {
+        return reply.code(403).send({ error: "cannot delete a user whose role exceeds your own" });
+      }
+      if (isLastAdmin(id)) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "cannot delete the last admin" });
+      }
+      db.delete(users).where(eq(users.id, id)).run();
+      return { ok: true };
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/ws.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import type { Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { roleHasPermissions } from "../auth.js";
+import { deviceEvents } from "../device-events.js";
+import type { DeviceMonitor } from "../device-monitor.js";
+import { getOccupancy } from "../occupancy.js";
+
+// Live booth feed over a WebSocket. The booth UI opens ONE socket and receives
+// server-pushed updates instead of polling: each signed ledger append (entry,
+// exit, payment, void) is fanned out, and the recomputed occupancy rides along
+// so the screen's count stays exact (occupancy is a fold over the same ledger,
+// never a counter). Printer-status changes are forwarded too.
+//
+// Auth: the handshake is a normal GET through Fastify's lifecycle, so the same
+// HttpOnly JWT cookie that guards the REST API guards this. We verify the JWT and
+// role here. A browser's WebSocket constructor cannot set custom headers, so the
+// CSRF double-submit header the REST mutations use is unavailable — which would
+// leave the socket open to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking: a malicious page in the
+// operator's browser could open ws://<booth>/api/ws, the browser would auto-attach
+// the HttpOnly cookie, and the attacker would receive the live entry/exit/payment
+// stream. The cookie alone is NOT a control here. So we replace the CSRF check with
+// an Origin allowlist: the handshake's Origin must be same-origin (or an explicitly
+// allowed booth UI origin). Non-browser clients (no Origin) are rejected too.
+// See auth.ts, event-log.ts (emitLedger), capacity-occupancy.md.
+
+/** Permission required to watch the live feed (a read-only stream of ledger +
+ *  device status). Any role granted `report:read` may watch. */
+const WATCH_PERMISSION = "report:read" as const;
+
+/**
+ * Is the handshake's Origin trusted? Same-origin (Origin host === Host header) is
+ * always allowed; additional origins can be allowlisted via WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+ * (comma-separated) for a booth UI served from a different origin. A missing or
+ * mismatched Origin is rejected — that is the anti-CSWSH control.
+ */
+function isAllowedOrigin(origin: string | undefined, host: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!origin) return false; // no Origin → not a same-origin browser request
+  let originHost: string;
+  try {
+    originHost = new URL(origin).host;
+  } catch {
+    return false; // malformed Origin
+  }
+  if (host && originHost === host) return true; // same-origin (any scheme/port match via host)
+  const allow = (process.env.WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS ?? "")
+    .split(",")
+    .map((s) => s.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  return allow.includes(origin);
+}
+
+type OutMsg =
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy>; devices: unknown }
+  | { kind: "ledger"; event: unknown; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy> }
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown }
+  | { kind: "device-status"; event: unknown };
+
+export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db, deviceMonitor: DeviceMonitor): Promise<void> {
+  app.get(
+    "/api/ws",
+    {
+      websocket: true,
+      // Origin allowlist (anti-CSWSH, replaces CSRF — see file header) THEN JWT +
+      // role. Reject a cross/absent origin before touching the token, so a hijack
+      // attempt never reaches an authenticated socket. jwtVerify reads the cookie.
+      preHandler: async (req) => {
+        if (!isAllowedOrigin(req.headers.origin, req.headers.host)) {
+          throw Object.assign(new Error("forbidden origin"), { statusCode: 403 });
+        }
+        await req.jwtVerify();
+        if (!req.user || !roleHasPermissions(req.user.roleId, [WATCH_PERMISSION])) {
+          throw Object.assign(new Error("forbidden"), { statusCode: 403 });
+        }
+      },
+    },
+    (socket) => {
+      const send = (msg: OutMsg) => {
+        // readyState 1 = OPEN; never throw out of an event-bus callback.
+        if (socket.readyState === 1) {
+          try {
+            socket.send(JSON.stringify(msg));
+          } catch {
+            /* drop on a broken socket */
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+      // Initial snapshot so the client renders immediately, before any event:
+      // occupancy AND the current device-status set (for the footer).
+      send({ kind: "hello", occupancy: getOccupancy(db), devices: deviceMonitor.snapshot() });
+
+      // Subscribe to the live buses. Each handler recomputes occupancy from the
+      // ledger (cheap fold) so the pushed count is always authoritative.
+      const offLedger = deviceEvents.onLedger((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "ledger", event, occupancy: getOccupancy(db) });
+      });
+      const offPrinter = deviceEvents.onPrinterStatus((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "printer-status", event });
+      });
+      // Unified device status (all categories) for the booth footer — pushed on
+      // change; the initial set rode the hello above.
+      const offDevice = deviceEvents.onDeviceStatus((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "device-status", event });
+      });
+
+      socket.on("close", () => {
+        offLedger();
+        offPrinter();
+        offDevice();
+      });
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/server.ts

@@ -1,24 +1,29 @@
 import cookie from "@fastify/cookie";
 import jwt from "@fastify/jwt";
+import websocket from "@fastify/websocket";
 import Fastify, { type FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { createDb, deviceEvents as deviceEventsTable, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-import { TOKEN_COOKIE, requireJwtSecret } from "./auth.js";
+import { TOKEN_COOKIE, requireJwtSecret, initAuth } from "./auth.js";
 import { deviceEvents } from "./device-events.js";
 import { EntryFlow } from "./entry-flow.js";
 import { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
 import { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
 import { PayStation } from "./pay-station.js";
-import { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import { SubscriptionFlow } from "./subscription-flow.js";
 import { ShiftService } from "./shift-service.js";
 import { ReadDispatcher } from "./read-dispatch.js";
+import { CredentialCapture } from "./credential-capture.js";
 import { PrinterMonitor } from "./printer-monitor.js";
-import { buildSigner } from "./signer.js";
+import { DeviceMonitor } from "./device-monitor.js";
+import { buildSigner, buildVerifier } from "./signer.js";
 import { authRoutes } from "./routes/auth.js";
+import { userRoutes } from "./routes/users.js";
+import { roleRoutes } from "./routes/roles.js";
 import { deviceRoutes } from "./routes/devices.js";
 import { eventRoutes } from "./routes/events.js";
 import { payRoutes } from "./routes/pay.js";
-import { permitRoutes } from "./routes/permits.js";
+import { subscriptionRoutes } from "./routes/subscriptions.js";
 import { qrReaderRoutes } from "./routes/qr-reader.js";
 import { shiftRoutes } from "./routes/shift.js";
 import { siteRoutes } from "./routes/site.js";
@@ -26,6 +31,8 @@ import { snapshotRoutes } from "./routes/snapshots.js";
 import { tariffRoutes } from "./routes/tariffs.js";
 import { printerRoutes } from "./routes/printers.js";
 import { setupRoutes } from "./routes/setup.js";
+import { deviceStatusRoutes } from "./routes/device-status.js";
+import { wsRoutes } from "./routes/ws.js";
 
 // The backend is Fastify (Node). Hardware drivers live as isolated Fastify
 // plugins emitting onto a shared internal event bus; auth is fully local
@@ -42,8 +49,16 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
 
   const db = opts.db ?? createDb();
 
+  // Wire the RBAC permission resolver to this DB (route guards resolve a user's
+  // role → permission set through it). See auth.ts.
+  initAuth(db);
+
   await app.register(cookie);
 
+  // WebSocket support for the live booth feed (/api/ws). Registered before the
+  // routes so the `{ websocket: true }` route option is available.
+  await app.register(websocket);
+
   // Local JWT signing with a local secret — no external identity provider.
   // Fail fast rather than fall back to a known default: a booth machine started
   // without a real secret would sign tokens anyone could forge (incl. an admin
@@ -61,6 +76,11 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   // Local username/password login → JWT in an HttpOnly cookie + CSRF cookie.
   await authRoutes(app, db);
 
+  // RBAC administration: compose roles (role:*) + manage users (user:*). The
+  // built-in admin role is protected; the last admin can't be removed. See auth.ts.
+  await userRoutes(app, db);
+  await roleRoutes(app, db);
+
   // Device-agnostic setup: the admin adds controllers (with their relays + entry
   // button) and binds readers/cameras to a controller relay at first-run. There is
   // no lane — a parking lot is one pool with a flexible set of entry/exit points.
@@ -80,15 +100,32 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   app.addHook("onReady", async () => printerMonitor.start());
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => printerMonitor.stop());
 
+  // Unified device-status monitor: polls EVERY configured device (relays/readers/
+  // cameras via healthCheck, printers via rich readStatus) and feeds the booth's
+  // device-status footer over the WS. Read-only — never drives a relay.
+  // See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md.
+  const deviceMonitor = new DeviceMonitor(db, app.log);
+  await deviceStatusRoutes(app, deviceMonitor);
+  app.addHook("onReady", async () => deviceMonitor.start());
+  app.addHook("onClose", async () => deviceMonitor.stop());
+
   // Append-only signed business LEDGER (ledger_events). Holds only business facts
   // (vehicle_entry/exit, payment, void, …) — the anti-fraud audit trail. A raw
   // button press is NOT a business fact: it's device telemetry, recorded UNSIGNED
   // in device_events. The entry flow (TODO) turns an input into a signed
   // vehicle_entry once a ticket prints + the barrier is commanded.
   // See wiki/decisions/event-streams-split.md.
-  const eventLog = new EventLog(db, buildSigner(app.log));
+  // The 4th arg is a read-side fan-out fired AFTER each durable append — used to
+  // push the event to live booth clients (WS). It cannot affect the sign/chain path.
+  const eventLog = new EventLog(db, buildSigner(app.log), buildVerifier, (row) =>
+    deviceEvents.emitLedger(row),
+  );
   await eventRoutes(app, db, eventLog);
 
+  // Live booth feed: server-pushed ledger + occupancy + printer-status over a
+  // single authenticated WebSocket (/api/ws). See routes/ws.ts.
+  await wsRoutes(app, db, deviceMonitor);
+
   // Entry/exit camera snapshots (BLOB-in-DB), read-only. See snapshot.ts.
   await snapshotRoutes(app, db);
 
@@ -103,36 +140,48 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeEntry());
 
   // Read-driven flows: a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) routes via the
-  // dispatcher to either the PERMIT flow (if it matches a permit) or the transient
+  // dispatcher to either the SUBSCRIPTION flow (if it matches a subscription) or the
-  // EXIT flow. See read-dispatch.ts, exit-flow.ts, permit-flow.ts, parking-session.md.
+  // transient EXIT flow. See read-dispatch.ts, exit-flow.ts, subscription-flow.ts,
+  // parking-session.md.
   const exitFlow = new ExitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
-  const permitFlow = new PermitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  const subscriptionFlow = new SubscriptionFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
-  const readDispatcher = new ReadDispatcher(db, exitFlow, permitFlow, app.log);
+  const readDispatcher = new ReadDispatcher(db, exitFlow, subscriptionFlow, app.log);
   const unsubscribeRead = deviceEvents.onRead((e) => {
     void readDispatcher.dispatch(e);
   });
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeRead());
 
+  // Credential capture ("enroll a card"): lets the operator present an RFID card to a
+  // CHOSEN reader to populate a subscription credential, without blocking the other
+  // reader's live flow. Single-shot + TTL. See credential-capture.ts.
+  const credentialCapture = new CredentialCapture();
+
   // GEE/Dingtian QR reader: it HTTP-GETs on each scan and beeps/acts on our JSON
-  // verdict (host-in-the-loop, synchronous). Routes the read through the dispatcher
+  // verdict (host-in-the-loop, synchronous). The capture service can intercept a read
-  // and replies the SDK verdict. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md, qrcode-sdk.md.
+  // on an armed reader for enrollment; otherwise the read routes through the
-  await qrReaderRoutes(app, db, readDispatcher);
+  // dispatcher. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md, qrcode-sdk.md.
+  await qrReaderRoutes(app, db, readDispatcher, credentialCapture);
+
+  // Shifts (manned mode): explicit open/close → signed shift_open / shift_z_report
+  // (sum payments by tender, print the Z-report). Constructed before the pay routes
+  // because the booth money path is GATED on an open shift. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const shiftService = new ShiftService(db, eventLog, app.log);
 
   // Pay station (pay-on-foot): quote an open session against the active tariff +
-  // take payment → signed `payment` event. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+  // take payment → signed `payment` event. The booth pay/exit/voucher/re-open
+  // endpoints require an open shift (passed in). See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
   const payStation = new PayStation(db, eventLog, app.log);
-  await payRoutes(app, payStation);
+  await payRoutes(app, db, payStation, exitFlow, shiftService);
 
   // Tariff composer: admin publishes effective-dated, immutable rate-card versions
   // the pay station prices against. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
   await tariffRoutes(app, db);
 
-  // Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+  // Subscription admin CRUD + credential capture (arm/poll/cancel). See
-  await permitRoutes(app, db);
+  // wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+  await subscriptionRoutes(app, db, credentialCapture);
 
-  // Shifts (manned mode): explicit open/close → signed shift_open / shift_z_report
+  // Shift open/close + drawer endpoints (shiftService constructed above).
-  // (sum payments by tender, print the Z-report). See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
-  const shiftService = new ShiftService(db, eventLog, app.log);
   await shiftRoutes(app, shiftService);
 
   // Site config (capacity) + live occupancy. The FULL gate (refuse transient entry

apps/server/src/shift-service.ts

@@ -11,9 +11,16 @@ import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
 // See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
 
 export class ShiftAlreadyOpenError extends Error {
-  constructor(operator: string) {
+  /** The operator who currently holds the open shift (may be someone else). */
-    super(`operator ${operator} already has an open shift`);
+  readonly heldBy: string;
+  constructor(operator: string, heldBy: string) {
+    super(
+      heldBy === operator
+        ? `operator ${operator} already has an open shift`
+        : `another operator (${heldBy}) has an open shift; only one shift may be open at a time`,
+    );
     this.name = "ShiftAlreadyOpenError";
+    this.heldBy = heldBy;
   }
 }
 export class NoOpenShiftError extends Error {
@@ -22,6 +29,14 @@ export class NoOpenShiftError extends Error {
     this.name = "NoOpenShiftError";
   }
 }
+/** Thrown by the booth money path when NO shift is open site-wide — an operator
+ *  must open a shift before any payment/exit can be attributed to a shift. */
+export class NoShiftOpenError extends Error {
+  constructor() {
+    super("no shift is open — open a shift before processing tickets");
+    this.name = "NoShiftOpenError";
+  }
+}
 
 export interface ShiftReport {
   readonly operator: string;
@@ -31,9 +46,25 @@ export interface ShiftReport {
   readonly cardTotalMinor: number;
   readonly currency: string | null;
   readonly paymentCount: number;
+  // --- Drawer (physical cash till; carries across shifts) ---
+  /** Cash in the drawer at shift start = prior shift's expected closing drawer. */
+  readonly openingFloatMinor: number;
+  /** Admin cash LOADED into the drawer during the shift (sum of + movements). */
+  readonly cashAddedMinor: number;
+  /** Admin cash REMOVED from the drawer during the shift (sum of − movements, as +). */
+  readonly cashRemovedMinor: number;
+  /** Expected drawer at close = opening + cashTaken + added − removed. Carries forward. */
+  readonly expectedDrawerMinor: number;
   readonly printed: boolean;
 }
 
+export class InvalidCashMovementError extends Error {
+  constructor(msg: string) {
+    super(msg);
+    this.name = "InvalidCashMovementError";
+  }
+}
+
 export class ShiftService {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #log: EventLog;
@@ -45,6 +76,12 @@ export class ShiftService {
     this.#logger = logger;
   }
 
+  /** Current physical drawer balance (cash payments + cash_movements, by time). For
+   *  the UI to show "inherited / in the drawer now". */
+  drawerBalance(): { balanceMinor: number; currency: string | null } {
+    return this.#drawerBalanceAt(new Date().toISOString());
+  }
+
   /** Is there an open shift for this operator? Returns the open `shift_open` row or null. */
   openShiftFor(operator: string) {
     // Scan shift events for this operator; the shift is open if the most recent
@@ -60,19 +97,116 @@ export class ShiftService {
     return last && last.type === "shift_open" ? last : null;
   }
 
-  /** Open a shift for the operator (explicit start). */
+  /**
-  async open(operator: string): Promise<{ startedAt: string }> {
+   * The SINGLE site-wide open shift, or null. A shift is a site-wide accountability
-    if (this.openShiftFor(operator)) throw new ShiftAlreadyOpenError(operator);
+   * period: at most ONE may be open at a time (so booth takings are unambiguously
+   * attributed to one operator). It's open iff the most recent shift event on the
+   * whole chain is a `shift_open` (the matching `shift_z_report` hasn't been
+   * appended yet). Returns that row so callers can read its operator/startedAt.
+   */
+  currentOpenShift() {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.type === "shift_open" || r.type === "shift_z_report");
+    const last = rows[rows.length - 1];
+    return last && last.type === "shift_open" ? last : null;
+  }
+
+  /** Require an open shift for the booth money path; returns it or throws. */
+  requireOpenShift() {
+    const open = this.currentOpenShift();
+    if (!open) throw new NoShiftOpenError();
+    return open;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The physical drawer balance at `at`: a fold over the SIGNED chain BY TIME (not
+   * by operator — a cash_movement is the admin's, not the shift operator's). Cash
+   * payments add to the drawer; card payments never touch it; cash_movement amounts
+   * (signed: + load, − removal) adjust it. This is what carries across shifts.
+   */
+  #drawerBalanceAt(at: string): { balanceMinor: number; currency: string | null } {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.occurredAt <= at && (r.type === "payment" || r.type === "cash_movement"));
+    let balanceMinor = 0;
+    let currency: string | null = null;
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload;
+      const amt = typeof pl.amountMinor === "number" ? pl.amountMinor : 0;
+      if (r.type === "payment") {
+        // Only CASH enters the till; card settles to the bank.
+        if (pl.tender !== "card") balanceMinor += amt;
+      } else {
+        // cash_movement amount is signed (+ load, − removal).
+        balanceMinor += amt;
+      }
+      if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
+    }
+    return { balanceMinor, currency };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Record an admin cash movement (load/remove drawer float). `amountMinor` is
+   * signed: positive = cash loaded IN, negative = cash taken OUT. Signed +
+   * attributed. Admin-only is enforced at the route. Returns the new drawer balance.
+   */
+  async recordCashMovement(
+    operator: string,
+    amountMinor: number,
+    reason: string,
+    currency?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; balanceMinor: number }> {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(amountMinor) || amountMinor === 0) {
+      throw new InvalidCashMovementError("amountMinor must be a non-zero integer (minor units)");
+    }
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "cash_movement",
+      source: "manual",
+      identity: operator, // who moved the cash (admin)
+      payload: {
+        amountMinor,
+        ...(reason ? { reason } : {}),
+        ...(currency ? { currency } : {}),
+        operator,
+      },
+      occurredAt: now,
+    });
+    const { balanceMinor } = this.#drawerBalanceAt(now);
+    this.#logger.info(
+      `cash_movement ${amountMinor >= 0 ? "+" : ""}${amountMinor} by ${operator} (${reason || "no reason"}) → drawer ${balanceMinor}`,
+    );
+    return { amountMinor, balanceMinor };
+  }
+
+  /** Open a shift for the operator (explicit start). The opening float is auto-
+   *  inherited from the chain = the drawer balance at the start instant. */
+  async open(operator: string): Promise<{ startedAt: string; openingFloatMinor: number }> {
+    // Site-wide single-open invariant: refuse if ANY shift is open — whether this
+    // operator's own (double-open) or another operator's (handover not done). Only
+    // one accountability period at a time.
+    const current = this.currentOpenShift();
+    if (current) throw new ShiftAlreadyOpenError(operator, current.identity ?? operator);
     const startedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    const { balanceMinor: openingFloatMinor } = this.#drawerBalanceAt(startedAt);
     await this.#log.append({
       type: "shift_open",
       source: "manual",
       identity: operator, // the shift's operator; `identity` keys the shift to them
-      payload: { operator },
+      // Record the inherited opening float on the shift_open so it's reproducible
+      // and the next operator's handover figure is fixed in the chain.
+      payload: { operator, openingFloatMinor },
       occurredAt: startedAt,
     });
-    this.#logger.info(`shift opened for ${operator}`);
+    this.#logger.info(`shift opened for ${operator} (opening float ${openingFloatMinor})`);
-    return { startedAt };
+    return { startedAt, openingFloatMinor };
   }
 
   /** Close the operator's open shift: sum payments in the window, sign + print the Z-report. */
@@ -102,6 +236,50 @@ export class ShiftService {
       if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
     }
 
+    // --- Drawer figures ---
+    // Opening float was fixed on shift_open (inherited from the chain at start);
+    // fall back to a fresh fold if an older shift_open lacks it.
+    const openPl = (open.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload & { openingFloatMinor?: number };
+    const openingFloatMinor =
+      typeof openPl.openingFloatMinor === "number"
+        ? openPl.openingFloatMinor
+        : this.#drawerBalanceAt(startedAt).balanceMinor;
+
+    // Cash movements within the shift window, split into added (+) and removed (−).
+    const movements = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "cash_movement"))
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.occurredAt >= startedAt && r.occurredAt <= endedAt);
+    let cashAddedMinor = 0;
+    let cashRemovedMinor = 0;
+    for (const m of movements) {
+      const pl = (m.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload;
+      const amt = typeof pl.amountMinor === "number" ? pl.amountMinor : 0;
+      if (amt >= 0) cashAddedMinor += amt;
+      else cashRemovedMinor += -amt; // store as a positive magnitude
+      if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
+    }
+
+    // Expected drawer at close = opening + cash taken + added − removed. This is the
+    // figure the NEXT shift inherits as its opening float.
+    const expectedDrawerMinor = openingFloatMinor + cashTotalMinor + cashAddedMinor - cashRemovedMinor;
+
+    const report: Omit<ShiftReport, "printed"> = {
+      operator,
+      startedAt,
+      endedAt,
+      cashTotalMinor,
+      cardTotalMinor,
+      currency,
+      paymentCount: payments.length,
+      openingFloatMinor,
+      cashAddedMinor,
+      cashRemovedMinor,
+      expectedDrawerMinor,
+    };
+
     await this.#log.append({
       type: "shift_z_report",
       source: "manual",
@@ -114,23 +292,20 @@ export class ShiftService {
         cardTotalMinor,
         currency: currency ?? undefined,
         paymentCount: payments.length,
+        openingFloatMinor,
+        cashAddedMinor,
+        cashRemovedMinor,
+        expectedDrawerMinor,
       },
     });
 
-    const printed = await this.#printZReport({
+    const printed = await this.#printZReport(report);
-      operator,
-      startedAt,
-      endedAt,
-      cashTotalMinor,
-      cardTotalMinor,
-      currency,
-      paymentCount: payments.length,
-    });
 
     this.#logger.info(
-      `shift closed for ${operator}: cash ${cashTotalMinor} card ${cardTotalMinor} (${payments.length} payments)`,
+      `shift closed for ${operator}: cash ${cashTotalMinor} card ${cardTotalMinor} (${payments.length} payments); ` +
+        `drawer open ${openingFloatMinor} +${cashAddedMinor} −${cashRemovedMinor} → expected ${expectedDrawerMinor}`,
     );
-    return { operator, startedAt, endedAt, cashTotalMinor, cardTotalMinor, currency, paymentCount: payments.length, printed };
+    return { ...report, printed };
   }
 
   /** Print the Z-report on a booth-receipt printer (best-effort; the signed event
@@ -151,9 +326,16 @@ export class ShiftService {
       `Payments: ${r.paymentCount}`,
       `Cash: ${money(r.cashTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
       `Card: ${money(r.cardTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      "",
+      "-- Drawer --",
+      `Opening float: ${money(r.openingFloatMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash taken:    ${money(r.cashTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash added:    ${money(r.cashAddedMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash removed:  ${money(r.cashRemovedMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Expected drawer: ${money(r.expectedDrawerMinor)} ${cur}`,
     ];
     try {
-      await printer.printReport({ title: "SHIFT Z-REPORT", lines });
+      await printer.printReport({ title: "RAPORT TURNI", lines });
       return true;
     } catch (err) {
       this.#logger.warn(`Z-report print failed for ${r.operator}: ${(err as Error).message} (event recorded)`);

apps/server/src/signer.ts

@@ -58,3 +58,30 @@ export function buildSigner(log?: { warn: (msg: string) => void }): Signer {
     "event signing: no signing key. Set EVENT_SIGNING_KEY (>=16 chars) for the append-only event chain.",
   );
 }
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the signer that can VERIFY an existing event, by its stored `keyId`.
+ * Appends always use the one signer from buildSigner(), but a chain can contain
+ * events signed under different keys across a rotation (e.g. the JWT_SECRET
+ * fallback before a dedicated EVENT_SIGNING_KEY was set, or an ATECC608 swap).
+ * Each event stores its own `keyId`, so verifyChain() must check each row against
+ * the key that produced it — not the current append-signer. Returns undefined for
+ * an unknown keyId (the key is gone / not configured), which verifyChain surfaces
+ * as a distinct failure rather than a false "tampered" alarm.
+ *
+ * TODO(atecc608): add an "atecc608-slotN" case returning a public-key verifier.
+ */
+export function buildVerifier(keyId: string): Signer | undefined {
+  switch (keyId) {
+    case "sw-hmac-v2": {
+      const k = process.env.EVENT_SIGNING_KEY;
+      return k && k.length >= 16 ? new SoftwareSigner(k, "sw-hmac-v2") : undefined;
+    }
+    case "sw-hmac-jwtfallback": {
+      const k = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
+      return k && k.length >= 16 ? new SoftwareSigner(k, "sw-hmac-jwtfallback") : undefined;
+    }
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/snapshot.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { devicesByDirection, type FlowDirection } from "./device-resolve.js";
 interface SnapshotJob {
   readonly db: Db;
   readonly direction: FlowDirection;
-  /** Session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit car key) — links to the ledger. */
+  /** Session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, subscription car key) — links to the ledger. */
   readonly identity: string;
   readonly logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
 }

apps/server/src/subscription-flow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import {
+  eq,
+  ledgerEvents,
+  sessions,
+  subscriptionCredentials,
+  subscriptionPlates,
+  subscriptions,
+  type Db,
+  type DeviceRow,
+} from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+import { type FlowDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
+
+// SUBSCRIPTION flow: a subscriber identified by card/QR/plate enters/exits without
+// paying per stay (they're on a recurring plan). Reached from the read dispatcher
+// when a read matches a subscription (not an open ticket). See
+// wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+//
+// Two optional, independent bindings:
+//   - car-count: `maxConcurrent` (default 1, null = unbound) — how many of the
+//     subscription's cars may be inside at once; enforced over the session projection.
+//   - plate: optional `plates[]` — when set, a matching plate is an accepted identity
+//     too (card/QR OR plate). When unset, any car may use the subscription's card/QR.
+//
+// Direction is inferred from the SUBSCRIPTION's open-session state, NOT the specific
+// credential read — so ANY of a subscription's credentials (QR / RFID / NFC / plate)
+// may open or close a session. Entry mints a fresh per-occurrence session id (the
+// ledger `identity`); a read with no open occurrence → ENTRY; with ≥1 open → EXIT the
+// OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO). A fleet (maxConcurrent > 1) thus has several open
+// occurrences at once; each read closes one. This decouples exit from the entry
+// credential (you can enter with QR and leave with the card).
+//
+// NB: the SIGNED ledger payload still carries `permitId` (immutable history — see the
+// schema note); the per-occurrence `identity` is the session key. The mutable master
+// data / code is "subscription"; the on-chain field name is left as-is so historical
+// events keep verifying.
+
+export interface SubscriptionMatch {
+  readonly subscriptionId: string;
+  /** The specific credential/plate value read (for logging/anomalies). NOT the
+   *  session key — sessions are keyed by subscription occurrence, so a different
+   *  credential of the same subscription can close the session it opened. */
+  readonly carKey: string;
+  readonly via: "card" | "qr" | "plate";
+}
+
+export class SubscriptionFlow {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve a read to a subscription (by card/QR credential, or a bound plate), or null. */
+  match(e: DeviceReadEvent): SubscriptionMatch | null {
+    // Card / QR / generic credential value.
+    const cred = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(subscriptionCredentials)
+      .where(eq(subscriptionCredentials.value, e.value))
+      .get();
+    if (cred) {
+      return { subscriptionId: cred.subscriptionId, carKey: e.value, via: cred.kind === "qr" ? "qr" : "card" };
+    }
+    // Plate binding: a read plate that matches a subscription's bound plate is an identity.
+    if (e.kind === "plate") {
+      const plate = this.#db.select().from(subscriptionPlates).where(eq(subscriptionPlates.plate, e.value)).get();
+      if (plate) return { subscriptionId: plate.subscriptionId, carKey: e.value, via: "plate" };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** Run the subscription entry/exit for a matched read at a barrier. `resolved` is the
+   *  reader's bound relay; its direction constrains, "both" defers to session state. */
+  async run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: SubscriptionMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const key = `${m.subscriptionId}:${m.carKey}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      return await this.#run(resolved, e, m);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`subscription-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: SubscriptionMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const sub = this.#db.select().from(subscriptions).where(eq(subscriptions.id, m.subscriptionId)).get();
+    if (!sub) return { accepted: false, reason: "subscription not found" };
+
+    // Validity: active + within the coverage window.
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    const invalid =
+      sub.status !== "active" ||
+      (sub.validFrom != null && now < sub.validFrom) ||
+      (sub.validTo != null && now > sub.validTo);
+    if (invalid) {
+      const reason = `subscription ${sub.status}/out-of-window`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, reason };
+    }
+
+    // Direction: the BARRIER the reader sits at decides the verb — an entry-lane read
+    // is an ENTRY, an exit-lane read is an EXIT. (The credential is decoupled from the
+    // session, so we can't and needn't infer from "which credential".) A "both" barrier
+    // has no physical side, so there we infer from state: open occurrence → exit, else
+    // entry. This is what lets a FLEET admit several cars (each entry-lane read is an
+    // entry) yet exit any of them with ANY credential (FIFO).
+    const open = this.#openOccurrences(m.subscriptionId);
+    const verb: FlowDirection =
+      resolved.direction === "entry"
+        ? "entry"
+        : resolved.direction === "exit"
+          ? "exit"
+          : open.length > 0
+            ? "exit"
+            : "entry";
+
+    const source = m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand";
+
+    if (verb === "exit") {
+      // EXIT: close the OLDEST open occurrence (FIFO). Its occurrence id is the session
+      // key; the credential just read may differ from the one that opened it. If the
+      // subscription has NOTHING open, an exit read is a no-op anti-passback signal.
+      const oldest = open[0];
+      if (!oldest) {
+        const reason = "subscription exit with no open session (already out / never entered)";
+        await this.#reject(m, reason);
+        return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
+      }
+      const occurrenceId = oldest.identity;
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "vehicle_exit",
+        direction: "exit",
+        source,
+        identity: occurrenceId,
+        // `permitId` carries the subscription id; `via` records which credential left.
+        payload: { sessionRef: occurrenceId, permitId: m.subscriptionId, via: m.via },
+      });
+      await this.#open(resolved, "exit", occurrenceId, "subscription exit");
+      this.#closeCache(occurrenceId);
+      return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+    }
+
+    // ENTRY: enforce the car-count binding (maxConcurrent), then sign + open. Mint a
+    // fresh per-occurrence id so a fleet can have several open at once.
+    if (sub.maxConcurrent != null && open.length >= sub.maxConcurrent) {
+      const reason = `subscription at capacity (${open.length}/${sub.maxConcurrent} cars in)`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason };
+    }
+
+    // A short, unique occurrence id. The subscription id is NOT embedded — it rides in
+    // the payload's `permitId` (which every fold matches on), so the key stays compact.
+    const occurrenceId = `SUBSESS-${randomUUID().replace(/-/g, "").slice(0, 12)}`;
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_entry",
+      direction: "entry",
+      source,
+      identity: occurrenceId,
+      // No ticket, no fee — the subscription IS the authorization. Recorded for audit.
+      // `permitId`/`permit` are the on-chain field names (immutable).
+      payload: { sessionRef: occurrenceId, permitId: m.subscriptionId, permit: true, via: m.via },
+      occurredAt: now,
+    });
+    await this.#open(resolved, "entry", occurrenceId, "subscription entry");
+    try {
+      this.#db
+        .insert(sessions)
+        .values({
+          id: occurrenceId,
+          identity: occurrenceId,
+          source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : "wiegand",
+          subscriptionId: m.subscriptionId,
+          enteredAt: now,
+          state: "open",
+        })
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${occurrenceId}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+    return { accepted: true, direction: "entry" };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The OPEN occurrences of a subscription right now, **oldest first** (FIFO) — a
+   * fold over the signed ledger. An occurrence is a `vehicle_entry` (whose
+   * `payload.permitId` is this subscription) with no later `vehicle_exit` on the same
+   * `identity`. Used to (a) infer entry vs. exit for ANY credential of the
+   * subscription, (b) pick which occurrence a read closes, and (c) enforce
+   * `maxConcurrent`. The on-chain field is `permitId`, so we match against that.
+   */
+  #openOccurrences(subscriptionId: string): { identity: string; index: number }[] {
+    const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
+    // Net entries−exits per occurrence identity, keeping the entry order (oldest first).
+    const net = new Map<string, number>();
+    const firstIndex = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const id = r.identity;
+      if (!id) continue;
+      const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as { permitId?: string };
+      if (r.type === "vehicle_entry") {
+        if (pl.permitId !== subscriptionId) continue;
+        net.set(id, (net.get(id) ?? 0) + 1);
+        if (!firstIndex.has(id)) firstIndex.set(id, r.index);
+      } else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") {
+        if (!net.has(id)) continue; // not one of this subscription's occurrences
+        net.set(id, (net.get(id) ?? 0) - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    const open: { identity: string; index: number }[] = [];
+    for (const [id, n] of net) if (n > 0) open.push({ identity: id, index: firstIndex.get(id) ?? 0 });
+    open.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index); // oldest first → FIFO
+    return open;
+  }
+
+  async #reject(m: SubscriptionMatch, reason: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "anomaly",
+      identity: m.carKey,
+      // `permitId`/`permitRefused` are the on-chain field names (immutable).
+      payload: { reason: `subscription refused — ${reason}`, permitId: m.subscriptionId, permitRefused: true },
+    });
+    this.#logger.warn(`subscription refused (${m.carKey}): ${reason}`);
+  }
+
+  async #open(resolved: ResolvedRelay, dir: FlowDirection, carKey: string, what: string): Promise<void> {
+    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+    else this.#logger.warn(`${what} signed for ${carKey} but the ${dir} relay won't build`);
+
+    // SNAPSHOT — fire the directional camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
+    void snapshotAsync({
+      db: this.#db,
+      direction: dir,
+      identity: carKey,
+      logger: this.#logger,
+    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`subscription snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+  }
+
+  #closeCache(carKey: string): void {
+    try {
+      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" }).where(eq(sessions.id, carKey)).run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
+  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/web/package.json

@@ -12,13 +12,24 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@parking/shared": "workspace:*",
+    "@radix-ui/react-dialog": "^1.1.17",
+    "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu": "^2.1.18",
+    "@radix-ui/react-tabs": "^1.1.15",
+    "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.101.0",
+    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.170.16",
+    "i18next": "^26.3.1",
     "react": "19.2.7",
-    "react-dom": "19.2.7"
+    "react-dom": "19.2.7",
+    "react-i18next": "^17.0.8",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.14"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.3.1",
+    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.167.0",
     "@types/react": "19.2.17",
     "@types/react-dom": "19.2.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "6.0.2",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4.3.1",
     "typescript": "6.0.3",
     "vite": "8.0.16"
   }

apps/web/src/ActiveSessions.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchActiveSessions, reopenBarrier, type ActiveSession } from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { formatDuration, formatTime } from "./lib/format.js";
+import { Panel } from "./ui/Panel.js";
+
+// Active Sessions panel. A session is "active" while still inside OR exited-but-
+// within-grace (the barrier is UNCONFIRMED, so a paid/exited car is presumed
+// possibly-present until grace runs out). Lets the operator find a stuck car —
+// damaged ticket, dead scanner, or a phantom barrier re-close — without a scan:
+//   - click a row → the pay/exit modal (pay an unpaid car, or review),
+//   - "Open barrier" (PAID sessions only) → an audited human-intervention re-pulse.
+// No payment → no Open barrier button (the no-unpaid-bypass rule).
+// See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+
+function statusBadge(s: ActiveSession): { key: string; cls: string } {
+  if (s.subscription) return { key: "booth.badgeSubscription", cls: "text-term-cyan" };
+  if (!s.open && s.withinGrace) return { key: "booth.badgeExiting", cls: "text-term-cyan" };
+  if (s.paidAt) return { key: "booth.badgePaid", cls: "text-term-green" };
+  return { key: "booth.badgeUnpaid", cls: "text-term-amber" };
+}
+
+export function ActiveSessions({ onPick }: { onPick: (identity: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  // The audited barrier re-open is a money-path action (server-gated on an open
+  // shift); disable it unless this operator's shift is open.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, isMine: shiftMine } = useShift();
+  const shiftReady = shiftOpen && shiftMine;
+  const { data, isLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: qk.activeSessions,
+    queryFn: fetchActiveSessions,
+    // Belt-and-braces refresh in case a grace window expires with no ledger event
+    // to invalidate the cache (the WS only pushes on appends).
+    refetchInterval: 15_000,
+  });
+
+  const reopen = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: (identity: string) => reopenBarrier(identity),
+    onSettled: () => {
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+    },
+  });
+  const [reopenMsg, setReopenMsg] = useState<{ id: string; text: string; ok: boolean } | null>(null);
+
+  const sessions = data?.sessions ?? [];
+
+  async function handleReopen(s: ActiveSession) {
+    setReopenMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await reopen.mutateAsync(s.identity);
+      setReopenMsg({
+        id: s.identity,
+        ok: r.opened,
+        text: r.opened ? t("booth.barrierOpened") : r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually"),
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setReopenMsg({ id: s.identity, ok: false, text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Panel
+      title={t("booth.activeSessions")}
+      right={
+        <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+          {sessions.length} {t("booth.insideCount")}
+        </span>
+      }
+      className="min-h-0"
+    >
+      <div className="h-full overflow-y-auto pr-1">
+        {sessions.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="text-term-muted">{isLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("booth.noActiveSessions")}</div>
+        ) : (
+          sessions.map((s) => {
+            const badge = statusBadge(s);
+            const msg = reopenMsg?.id === s.identity ? reopenMsg : null;
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={s.identity}
+                className="flex items-center gap-3 border-b border-term-border/50 py-1.5 text-[12px] tabular-nums"
+              >
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => onPick(s.identity)}
+                  className="flex flex-1 items-center gap-3 text-left hover:text-term-amber"
+                  title={t("booth.openPayExit")}
+                >
+                  <span className="text-term-text">
+                    {s.subscription ? `★ ${s.subscriptionHolder ?? t("subs.unnamed")}` : s.identity}
+                  </span>
+                  <span className="text-term-muted">
+                    {t("booth.inAt")} {formatTime(s.enteredAt)}
+                  </span>
+                  <span className="text-term-muted">{formatDuration(s.enteredAt, new Date().toISOString())}</span>
+                  <span className={`ml-auto w-16 text-right font-semibold uppercase ${badge.cls}`}>{t(badge.key)}</span>
+                </button>
+
+                {/* Open barrier — PAID transient OR a SUBSCRIPTION (prepaid). An
+                    unpaid transient has no button (no-unpaid-bypass). */}
+                {s.paidAt || s.subscription ? (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    disabled={reopen.isPending || !shiftReady}
+                    onClick={() => handleReopen(s)}
+                    className="shrink-0 rounded-term border border-term-cyan px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-cyan hover:bg-term-cyan/10 disabled:opacity-50"
+                    title={shiftReady ? t("booth.openBarrierTitle") : t("shift.gateTitle")}
+                  >
+                    {t("booth.openBarrier")}
+                  </button>
+                ) : (
+                  <span className="w-[88px] shrink-0" />
+                )}
+
+                {msg && (
+                  <span className={`shrink-0 text-[10px] ${msg.ok ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-red"}`}>
+                    {msg.text}
+                  </span>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            );
+          })
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </Panel>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/App.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { fetchMe, logout, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
+import { QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { RouterProvider } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { fetchMe, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
 import { Login } from "./Login.js";
-import { PermitManager } from "./PermitManager.js";
+import { queryClient } from "./lib/query.js";
-import { SetupWizard } from "./SetupWizard.js";
+import { setLanguage } from "./lib/i18n/index.js";
-import { ShiftControl } from "./ShiftControl.js";
+import { router } from "./router.js";
-import { SiteSettings } from "./SiteSettings.js";
-import { TariffComposer } from "./TariffComposer.js";
 
-// Operator UI shell. Plain React (no admin framework) — the operator UI is
+// App root: bootstraps the session (cookie-based, from /api/auth/me), then hands
-// simple enough that a framework's abstractions cost more than they save.
+// off to TanStack Router inside the QueryClient provider. The router renders the
-// Auth is cookie-based; the SPA bootstraps the session from /api/auth/me.
+// terminal chrome + screens; auth gating stays here (Login until signed in), and
+// the signed-in user flows into the router context for role-based route guards.
 // See wiki/entities/react-vite-spa.md and local-jwt-auth.md.
 
 export function App() {
@@ -22,37 +23,26 @@ export function App() {
       .finally(() => setLoading(false));
   }, []);
 
-  if (loading) return <p style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", padding: "2rem" }}>Loading…</p>;
+  // Apply the signed-in user's preferred language whenever it resolves/changes
-  if (!user) return <Login onLoggedIn={setUser} />;
+  // (login, bootstrap, or a toggle). Albanian is the default before auth resolves.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (user) setLanguage(user.language);
+  }, [user]);
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return <div className="flex h-screen items-center justify-center text-term-muted">loading…</div>;
+  }
+  if (!user) {
+    return (
+      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+        <Login onLoggedIn={setUser} />
+      </QueryClientProvider>
+    );
+  }
 
   return (
-    <main style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", padding: "2rem", maxWidth: 720 }}>
+    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
-      <header style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between", alignItems: "baseline" }}>
+      <RouterProvider router={router} context={{ user, setUser }} />
-        <h1 style={{ margin: 0 }}>Parking System</h1>
+    </QueryClientProvider>
-        <span style={{ color: "#555" }}>
-          {user.username} ({user.role}){" "}
-          <button
-            type="button"
-            onClick={async () => {
-              await logout();
-              setUser(null);
-            }}
-          >
-            Log out
-          </button>
-        </span>
-      </header>
-      <SiteSettings canEdit={user.role === "admin"} />
-      {user.role !== "readonly" && <ShiftControl />}
-      {user.role === "admin" ? (
-        <>
-          <SetupWizard />
-          <TariffComposer />
-          <PermitManager />
-        </>
-      ) : (
-        <p style={{ marginTop: "1rem" }}>Signed in. (Operator console coming soon.)</p>
-      )}
-    </main>
   );
 }

apps/web/src/BoothPayModal.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Dialog from "@radix-ui/react-dialog";
+import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import {
+  boothExit,
+  fetchSiteConfig,
+  lookupSession,
+  openShift,
+  paySession,
+  printReceipt,
+  printVoucher,
+  reopenBarrier,
+  type SessionLookup,
+} from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { formatDuration, formatMoney, formatTime } from "./lib/format.js";
+import { SnapshotStrip } from "./ui/SnapshotStrip.js";
+
+// The booth pay/exit modal. Opened when the operator submits a ticket id. Shows the
+// session (entry, exit=now, duration, total owed) + entry/exit snapshots, takes
+// payment, then EITHER prints an exit voucher (customer self-exits at a distant
+// exit) OR fires the exit immediately (booth at/near the exit) — controlled by a
+// checkbox defaulting from site_config.exitVoucherDefault. See booth-exit-flow.md.
+
+type Phase = "review" | "paying" | "finishing" | "done" | "error";
+
+export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const session = useQuery({ queryKey: ["session", identity], queryFn: () => lookupSession(identity) });
+  const config = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.siteConfig, queryFn: fetchSiteConfig });
+
+  // A shift must be open (and mine) before any pay/exit/voucher action — the booth
+  // money path is gated. The server enforces this too (409 no_shift); the modal
+  // surfaces it up front and offers a one-click open. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, isMine: shiftMine, blockedByOther, heldBy } = useShift();
+  const shiftReady = shiftOpen && shiftMine;
+
+  const [tender, setTender] = useState<"cash" | "card">("cash");
+  const [printVoucherChecked, setPrintVoucherChecked] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
+  const [phase, setPhase] = useState<Phase>("review");
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [openingShift, setOpeningShift] = useState(false);
+  const [reprinting, setReprinting] = useState(false);
+
+  const s: SessionLookup | undefined = session.data;
+  // Checkbox default comes from config the first time it loads; operator can toggle.
+  const voucher = printVoucherChecked ?? config.data?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false;
+
+  const alreadyPaid = s?.paidAt != null;
+  const isSubscription = s?.subscription === true;
+  // A subscription is prepaid: never charged. The only booth action is an audited
+  // barrier open to ASSIST (faulty exit reader / lost card). Transient pay path is off.
+  const canPay = shiftReady && s?.found && s.open && !alreadyPaid && !isSubscription;
+
+  async function handleOpenBarrier() {
+    if (!s) return;
+    setError(null);
+    setPhase("finishing");
+    try {
+      const r = await reopenBarrier(identity);
+      setResult(r.opened ? t("pay.subBarrierOpened") : t("pay.paidExitRecorded", { reason: r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually") }));
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+      setPhase("done");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+      setPhase("error");
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleOpenShift() {
+    setOpeningShift(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await openShift();
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setOpeningShift(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleReprintReceipt() {
+    setReprinting(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await printReceipt(identity);
+      setResult(t("pay.receiptReprinted", { printer: r.printedBy }));
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setReprinting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handlePayAndExit() {
+    if (!s) return;
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      // 1. Take payment (unless already paid — e.g. paid earlier at a kiosk).
+      if (!alreadyPaid) {
+        setPhase("paying");
+        await paySession(identity, tender);
+      }
+      // 2. Voucher OR immediate exit.
+      setPhase("finishing");
+      if (voucher) {
+        // The voucher slip carries the payment detail + barcode + grace.
+        const r = await printVoucher(identity);
+        setResult(t("pay.voucherPrinted", { printer: r.printedBy }));
+      } else {
+        const r = await boothExit(identity);
+        // No voucher → auto-print a standalone payment receipt for transparency.
+        // Best-effort: a printer fault must NOT block the exit that already happened;
+        // the operator can reprint from the done screen.
+        let receiptNote = "";
+        try {
+          await printReceipt(identity);
+        } catch {
+          receiptNote = ` ${t("pay.receiptPrintFailed")}`;
+        }
+        setResult(
+          (r.opened
+            ? t("pay.paidBarrierOpened")
+            : t("pay.paidExitRecorded", { reason: r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually") })) +
+            receiptNote,
+        );
+      }
+      // Refresh the live views.
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+      setPhase("done");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+      setPhase("error");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog.Root open onOpenChange={(o) => !o && onClose()}>
+      <Dialog.Portal>
+        <Dialog.Overlay className="fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-black/70" />
+        <Dialog.Content
+          className="fixed left-1/2 top-1/2 z-50 w-[560px] max-w-[95vw] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel font-mono text-term-text shadow-2xl"
+          aria-describedby={undefined}
+        >
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-4 py-2">
+            <Dialog.Title className="m-0 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+              {isSubscription
+                ? `${t("pay.subscription")} · ${s?.subscriptionHolder ?? t("subs.unnamed")}`
+                : `${t("pay.ticket")} ${identity}`}
+            </Dialog.Title>
+            <Dialog.Close className="text-term-muted hover:text-term-text" aria-label={t("common.close")}>
+              ✕
+            </Dialog.Close>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 p-4">
+            {/* Shift gate — block all actions until THIS operator has a shift open.
+                Another operator's open shift can't be operated under (no shared
+                till); only an "open mine" path when no shift is open at all. */}
+            {!shiftReady && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-amber bg-term-amber/5 px-3 py-2">
+                {blockedByOther ? (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+                      {t("shift.gateOtherTitle")}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="mt-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+                      {t("shift.gateOtherBody", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" })}
+                    </div>
+                  </>
+                ) : (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+                      {t("shift.gateTitle")}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="mt-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">{t("shift.gateBody")}</div>
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={handleOpenShift}
+                      disabled={openingShift}
+                      className="mt-2 rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-50"
+                    >
+                      {openingShift ? t("shift.opening") : t("shift.openNow")}
+                    </button>
+                  </>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {session.isLoading && <div className="text-term-muted">{t("pay.lookingUp")}</div>}
+
+            {s && !s.found && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-term-red">
+                {t("pay.noSessionFound")}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {s && s.found && !s.open && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-amber px-3 py-2 text-term-amber">
+                {t("pay.alreadyClosed", { time: formatTime(s.exitedAt) })}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {s && s.found && s.open && (
+              <>
+                {/* Session figures */}
+                <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-6 gap-y-1 tabular-nums">
+                  <Row label={t("pay.entry")} value={formatTime(s.enteredAt)} />
+                  <Row label={t("pay.now")} value={formatTime(new Date().toISOString())} />
+                  <Row
+                    label={t("pay.duration")}
+                    value={s.enteredAt ? formatDuration(s.enteredAt, new Date().toISOString()) : "—"}
+                  />
+                  <Row
+                    label={t("pay.statusLabel")}
+                    value={isSubscription ? t("pay.subscription") : alreadyPaid ? t("pay.paid") : t("pay.unpaid")}
+                    valueClass={isSubscription ? "text-term-cyan" : alreadyPaid ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-amber"}
+                  />
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Total — a subscription is prepaid (no amount); show a badge. */}
+                <div className="flex items-end justify-between rounded-term bg-term-panel-2 px-3 py-2">
+                  <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+                    {isSubscription ? t("pay.plan") : t("pay.total")}
+                  </span>
+                  <span className="text-3xl font-bold text-term-cyan">
+                    {isSubscription
+                      ? t("pay.prepaid")
+                      : s.amountMinor != null && s.currency
+                        ? formatMoney(s.amountMinor, s.currency)
+                        : alreadyPaid
+                          ? t("booth.badgePaid")
+                          : t("pay.noTariff")}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+
+                {/* For a subscription, explain the only available action. */}
+                {isSubscription && (
+                  <div className="rounded-term border border-term-cyan/40 bg-term-cyan/5 px-3 py-2 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+                    {t("pay.subAssistHint")}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                {/* Snapshots */}
+                <SnapshotStrip identity={identity} />
+
+                {phase !== "done" && !isSubscription && (
+                  <>
+                    {/* Tender */}
+                    {canPay && (
+                      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                        <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("pay.tender")}</span>
+                        {(["cash", "card"] as const).map((tn) => (
+                          <button
+                            key={tn}
+                            type="button"
+                            onClick={() => setTender(tn)}
+                            className={`rounded-term border px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider ${
+                              tender === tn
+                                ? "border-term-amber text-term-amber"
+                                : "border-term-border text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+                            }`}
+                          >
+                            {t(`pay.${tn}`)}
+                          </button>
+                        ))}
+                      </div>
+                    )}
+
+                    {/* Voucher checkbox (default from site config) */}
+                    <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12px]">
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        checked={voucher}
+                        onChange={(e) => setPrintVoucherChecked(e.target.checked)}
+                      />
+                      {t("pay.printExitVoucher")}
+                      <span className="text-term-muted">{t("pay.selfExitHint")}</span>
+                    </label>
+                  </>
+                )}
+
+                {error && <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-term-red">{error}</div>}
+                {result && (
+                  <div className="rounded-term border border-term-green px-3 py-2 text-term-green">{result}</div>
+                )}
+
+                {/* Actions */}
+                <div className="flex justify-end gap-2 pt-1">
+                  {phase === "done" ? (
+                    <>
+                      {/* Reprint the payment receipt (slip jammed / customer asks).
+                          Only for a charged session — a subscription has no payment. */}
+                      {!isSubscription && (
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          onClick={handleReprintReceipt}
+                          disabled={reprinting}
+                          className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-3 py-1.5 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text disabled:opacity-50"
+                        >
+                          {reprinting ? t("pay.reprinting") : t("pay.reprintReceipt")}
+                        </button>
+                      )}
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        onClick={onClose}
+                        className="rounded-term border border-term-amber px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber"
+                      >
+                        {t("common.close")}
+                      </button>
+                    </>
+                  ) : (
+                    <>
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        onClick={onClose}
+                        className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-3 py-1.5 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+                      >
+                        {t("common.cancel")}
+                      </button>
+                      {isSubscription ? (
+                        // Prepaid — the only action is the audited barrier open (assist
+                        // a faulty exit reader / missing card). Gated on an open shift.
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          onClick={handleOpenBarrier}
+                          disabled={!shiftReady || phase === "finishing"}
+                          className="rounded-term border border-term-cyan bg-term-cyan/10 px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-cyan disabled:opacity-50"
+                        >
+                          {phase === "finishing" ? t("pay.opening") : t("booth.openBarrier")}
+                        </button>
+                      ) : (
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          onClick={handlePayAndExit}
+                          disabled={!shiftReady || phase === "paying" || phase === "finishing"}
+                          className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-50"
+                        >
+                          {phase === "paying"
+                            ? t("pay.takingPayment")
+                            : phase === "finishing"
+                              ? voucher
+                                ? t("pay.printingVoucher")
+                                : t("pay.opening")
+                              : alreadyPaid
+                                ? voucher
+                                  ? t("pay.printVoucher")
+                                  : t("pay.openBarrier")
+                                : voucher
+                                  ? t("pay.payAndVoucher")
+                                  : t("pay.payAndOpen")}
+                        </button>
+                      )}
+                    </>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </Dialog.Content>
+      </Dialog.Portal>
+    </Dialog.Root>
+  );
+}
+
+function Row({ label, value, valueClass = "" }: { label: string; value: string; valueClass?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between">
+      <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{label}</span>
+      <span className={`text-sm ${valueClass}`}>{value}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/BoothScreen.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import { useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchEvents, fetchOccupancy, type LedgerEvent, type Occupancy } from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "./lib/live-store.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { Panel } from "./ui/Panel.js";
+import { StatusDot } from "./ui/StatusDot.js";
+import { BoothPayModal } from "./BoothPayModal.js";
+import { ActiveSessions } from "./ActiveSessions.js";
+
+// The live operator booth view — the real-time heart of the console. Occupancy
+// gauge + a streaming entry/exit/payment ticker. Query owns the initial load and
+// the authoritative numbers; the WS-fed live store overlays real-time updates so
+// the screen reacts the instant a car enters or exits. Dense, dark, glanceable.
+
+/** Per-event-type display: i18n label key + accent colour for the ticker. */
+const EVENT_STYLE: Record<string, { labelKey: string; color: string }> = {
+  vehicle_entry: { labelKey: "booth.evtEntry", color: "text-term-green" },
+  vehicle_exit: { labelKey: "booth.evtExit", color: "text-term-red" },
+  payment: { labelKey: "booth.evtPay", color: "text-term-cyan" },
+  void: { labelKey: "booth.evtVoid", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  barrier_open_command: { labelKey: "booth.evtOpenCmd", color: "text-term-muted" },
+  barrier_open_observed: { labelKey: "booth.evtOpenObserved", color: "text-term-muted" },
+  shift_open: { labelKey: "booth.evtShiftOpen", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  shift_z_report: { labelKey: "booth.evtShiftZ", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  cash_movement: { labelKey: "booth.evtCashMovement", color: "text-term-cyan" },
+  anomaly: { labelKey: "booth.evtAnomaly", color: "text-term-red" },
+};
+
+function hhmmss(iso: string): string {
+  // Local time-of-day, terminal style. Defensive against a bad timestamp.
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  return Number.isNaN(d.getTime()) ? "--:--:--" : d.toTimeString().slice(0, 8);
+}
+
+function OccupancyGauge({ occ }: { occ: Occupancy }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const pct = occ.capacity ? Math.min(100, Math.round((occ.count / occ.capacity) * 100)) : null;
+  const barColor = occ.full ? "bg-term-red" : pct != null && pct >= 85 ? "bg-term-amber" : "bg-term-green";
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+      <div className="flex items-end gap-4">
+        <div className="text-6xl font-bold leading-none tabular-nums text-term-text">{occ.count}</div>
+        <div className="pb-1 text-term-muted">
+          <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider">{t("booth.inside")}</div>
+          <div className="text-sm tabular-nums">
+            {occ.capacity == null ? t("booth.uncapped") : `${t("booth.of")} ${occ.capacity}`}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="ml-auto text-right">
+          <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("booth.free")}</div>
+          <div className={`text-3xl font-bold tabular-nums ${occ.full ? "text-term-red" : "text-term-green"}`}>
+            {occ.free == null ? "∞" : occ.free}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      {pct != null && (
+        <div className="h-2 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-term bg-term-panel-2">
+          <div className={`h-full ${barColor} transition-[width] duration-300`} style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {occ.full && (
+        <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-2 py-1 text-center text-[11px] font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-red">
+          {t("booth.lotFull")}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function EventRow({ e }: { e: LedgerEvent }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const style = EVENT_STYLE[e.type];
+  const label = style ? t(style.labelKey) : e.type.toUpperCase();
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-3 border-b border-term-border/50 py-1 text-[12px] tabular-nums">
+      <span className="text-term-muted">{hhmmss(e.occurredAt)}</span>
+      <span className={`w-20 shrink-0 font-semibold ${style?.color ?? "text-term-text"}`}>{label}</span>
+      <span className="truncate text-term-text">{e.identity ?? "—"}</span>
+      <span className="ml-auto text-term-muted">#{e.index}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** Ticket entry: an HID barcode scanner types the id and presses Enter; a manual
+ *  operator types it. Either way, submit opens the pay/exit modal for that id. The
+ *  input auto-focuses and re-focuses after a scan so the scanner always lands here. */
+function TicketInput({ onSubmit }: { onSubmit: (identity: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [value, setValue] = useState("");
+  const ref = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  return (
+    <form
+      className="flex items-center gap-2"
+      onSubmit={(e) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const id = value.trim();
+        if (id) {
+          onSubmit(id);
+          setValue("");
+          ref.current?.focus();
+        }
+      }}
+    >
+      <input
+        ref={ref}
+        autoFocus
+        value={value}
+        onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
+        placeholder={t("booth.scanPlaceholder")}
+        inputMode="numeric"
+        className="flex-1 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-bg px-3 py-2 text-lg tabular-nums text-term-text placeholder:text-term-muted focus:border-term-amber"
+      />
+      <button
+        type="submit"
+        className="rounded-term border border-term-amber bg-term-amber/10 px-4 py-2 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber"
+      >
+        {t("booth.open")}
+      </button>
+    </form>
+  );
+}
+
+export function BoothScreen() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  // The site-wide shift drives the log scope: the feed shows ONLY the open shift's
+  // window (per-shift logs, not all history). When no shift is open, the feed is
+  // empty and the operator is prompted to open one.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, startedAt: shiftStart } = useShift();
+
+  // Initial load via Query (also the fallback if the WS is briefly down). The events
+  // query is scoped to the current shift's start so it never shows prior shifts.
+  const occQuery = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.occupancy, queryFn: fetchOccupancy });
+  const eventsQuery = useQuery({
+    queryKey: [...qk.events, shiftStart ?? "none"],
+    queryFn: () => fetchEvents(100, shiftStart ?? undefined),
+    enabled: shiftOpen,
+  });
+
+  // The ticket currently open in the pay/exit modal (null = no modal).
+  const [activeTicket, setActiveTicket] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  // Live overlays from the WS store.
+  const liveOcc = useLiveStore((s) => s.occupancy);
+  const liveFeed = useLiveStore((s) => s.feed);
+
+  // Prefer the live-pushed occupancy; fall back to the query.
+  const occ = liveOcc ?? occQuery.data ?? null;
+
+  // Merge: live events first (newest), then the queried history, de-duped by id —
+  // then clip to the current shift window (the live store spans shifts; the feed
+  // must not show events from before this shift's start). No shift → no feed.
+  const seen = new Set(liveFeed.map((e) => e.id));
+  const history = (eventsQuery.data?.events ?? []).filter((e) => !seen.has(e.id));
+  const merged = [...liveFeed, ...history].slice(0, 200);
+  const events =
+    shiftOpen && shiftStart
+      ? merged.filter((e) => e.occurredAt >= shiftStart)
+      : [];
+
+  return (
+    <div className="grid h-full grid-cols-1 gap-3 lg:grid-cols-[minmax(320px,1fr)_2fr] lg:grid-rows-[auto_1fr]">
+      {/* Ticket input spans both columns at the top — the operator's primary action. */}
+      <div className="lg:col-span-2">
+        <Panel title={t("booth.processTicket")}>
+          <TicketInput onSubmit={setActiveTicket} />
+        </Panel>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Left column: occupancy gauge above the active-sessions list. */}
+      <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-col gap-3">
+        <Panel title={t("booth.occupancy")} right={<StatusDot />}>
+          {occ ? (
+            <OccupancyGauge occ={occ} />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="text-term-muted">{occQuery.isError ? t("booth.occUnavailable") : t("common.loading")}</div>
+          )}
+        </Panel>
+        <div className="min-h-0 flex-1">
+          <ActiveSessions onPick={setActiveTicket} />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <Panel
+        title={t("booth.liveFeed")}
+        right={
+          <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+            {events.length} {t("booth.events")}
+          </span>
+        }
+        className="min-h-0"
+      >
+        <div className="h-full overflow-y-auto pr-1">
+          {!shiftOpen ? (
+            <div className="text-term-amber">{t("shift.gateTitle")}</div>
+          ) : events.length === 0 ? (
+            <div className="text-term-muted">{eventsQuery.isLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("booth.noEventsYet")}</div>
+          ) : (
+            events.map((e) => <EventRow key={e.id} e={e} />)
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </Panel>
+
+      {activeTicket && <BoothPayModal identity={activeTicket} onClose={() => setActiveTicket(null)} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/Login.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { login, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
 
 export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [username, setUsername] = useState("");
   const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -22,11 +24,11 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
 
   return (
     <main style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", maxWidth: 320, margin: "4rem auto" }}>
-      <h1>Parking System</h1>
+      <h1>{t("auth.title")}</h1>
       <form onSubmit={submit}>
         <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0" }}>
           <label>
-            Username
+            {t("auth.username")}
             <br />
             <input
               value={username}
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
         </div>
         <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0" }}>
           <label>
-            Password
+            {t("auth.password")}
             <br />
             <input
               type="password"
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
         </div>
         {error && <p style={{ color: "crimson" }}>{error}</p>}
         <button type="submit" disabled={busy || !username || !password}>
-          {busy ? "Signing in…" : "Sign in"}
+          {busy ? t("auth.signingIn") : t("auth.signIn")}
         </button>
       </form>
     </main>

apps/web/src/PermitManager.tsx

@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import {
-  ApiError,
-  createPermit,
-  deletePermit,
-  fetchPermits,
-  revokePermit,
-  updatePermit,
-  type Permit,
-  type PermitCredential,
-  type PermitInput,
-} from "./api.js";
-
-// Permit (subscription) admin. Create/edit/revoke/delete permits + their
-// credentials (card/QR) and bound plates. A permit is mutable master data; every
-// USE of it is a signed ledger event elsewhere. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
-
-interface FormState {
-  holderName: string;
-  contact: string;
-  carBound: boolean; // false = unbound (maxConcurrent null)
-  maxConcurrent: string;
-  validFrom: string;
-  validTo: string;
-  credentials: PermitCredential[];
-  platesText: string; // comma/space separated
-}
-
-function emptyForm(): FormState {
-  return { holderName: "", contact: "", carBound: true, maxConcurrent: "1", validFrom: "", validTo: "", credentials: [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }], platesText: "" };
-}
-function formFrom(p: Permit): FormState {
-  return {
-    holderName: p.holderName ?? "",
-    contact: p.contact ?? "",
-    carBound: p.maxConcurrent != null,
-    maxConcurrent: p.maxConcurrent != null ? String(p.maxConcurrent) : "1",
-    validFrom: p.validFrom ?? "",
-    validTo: p.validTo ?? "",
-    credentials: p.credentials.length ? p.credentials : [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }],
-    platesText: p.plates.join(", "),
-  };
-}
-function toInput(f: FormState): PermitInput {
-  return {
-    holderName: f.holderName.trim() || null,
-    contact: f.contact.trim() || null,
-    maxConcurrent: f.carBound ? Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.maxConcurrent) || 1)) : null,
-    validFrom: f.validFrom.trim() || null,
-    validTo: f.validTo.trim() || null,
-    credentials: f.credentials.filter((c) => c.value.trim()).map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() })),
-    plates: f.platesText.split(/[,\s]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean),
-  };
-}
-
-export function PermitManager() {
-  const [permits, setPermits] = useState<Permit[] | null>(null);
-  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<string | "new" | null>(null);
-  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(emptyForm);
-  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
-
-  function reload() {
-    fetchPermits()
-      .then((r) => setPermits(r.permits))
-      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-  }
-  useEffect(reload, []);
-
-  function startNew() {
-    setForm(emptyForm());
-    setEditing("new");
-    setMsg(null);
-  }
-  function startEdit(p: Permit) {
-    setForm(formFrom(p));
-    setEditing(p.id);
-    setMsg(null);
-  }
-
-  async function save() {
-    setMsg(null);
-    try {
-      if (editing === "new") await createPermit(toInput(form));
-      else if (editing) await updatePermit(editing, toInput(form));
-      setEditing(null);
-      reload();
-      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: "Permit saved." });
-    } catch (e) {
-      const problems = e instanceof ApiError ? (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems : undefined;
-      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: problems?.length ? `${(e as Error).message}: ${problems.join("; ")}` : (e as Error).message });
-    }
-  }
-  async function doRevoke(p: Permit) {
-    if (!confirm(`Revoke permit for ${p.holderName ?? p.id}? It will be refused at the barrier.`)) return;
-    await revokePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-    reload();
-  }
-  async function doDelete(p: Permit) {
-    if (!confirm(`Delete permit for ${p.holderName ?? p.id}? (Past events are kept.)`)) return;
-    await deletePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
-    reload();
-  }
-
-  function setCred(i: number, patch: Partial<PermitCredential>) {
-    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.map((c, j) => (j === i ? { ...c, ...patch } : c)) }));
-  }
-
-  if (!permits) return null;
-
-  return (
-    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
-      <h2>Permits</h2>
-      <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
-        {permits.map((p) => (
-          <li key={p.id} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", padding: "0.4rem 0", borderBottom: "1px solid #eee" }}>
-            <strong>{p.holderName ?? "(unnamed)"}</strong>
-            <span style={{ color: p.status === "active" ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>{p.status}</span>
-            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>
-              {p.maxConcurrent == null ? "unbound" : `${p.maxConcurrent} car${p.maxConcurrent > 1 ? "s" : ""}`} ·{" "}
-              {p.credentials.length} cred · {p.plates.length} plate(s)
-            </span>
-            <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => startEdit(p)}>Edit</button>
-            {p.status !== "revoked" && <button type="button" onClick={() => doRevoke(p)}>Revoke</button>}
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => doDelete(p)}>Delete</button>
-          </li>
-        ))}
-        {permits.length === 0 && <li style={{ color: "#777" }}>No permits yet.</li>}
-      </ul>
-
-      {editing == null ? (
-        <button type="button" onClick={startNew}>+ Add permit</button>
-      ) : (
-        <div style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", padding: "1rem", marginTop: "0.5rem", maxWidth: 460 }}>
-          <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{editing === "new" ? "New permit" : "Edit permit"}</h3>
-          <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
-            <label>Holder name</label>
-            <input value={form.holderName} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, holderName: e.target.value }))} />
-            <label>Contact</label>
-            <input value={form.contact} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, contact: e.target.value }))} />
-            <label>Car limit</label>
-            <span>
-              <label style={{ marginRight: "0.5rem" }}>
-                <input type="checkbox" checked={form.carBound} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, carBound: e.target.checked }))} /> limit cars in at once
-              </label>
-              {form.carBound && (
-                <input value={form.maxConcurrent} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, maxConcurrent: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 50 }} />
-              )}
-            </span>
-            <label>Valid from</label>
-            <input value={form.validFrom} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validFrom: e.target.value }))} placeholder="ISO date (optional)" />
-            <label>Valid to</label>
-            <input value={form.validTo} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validTo: e.target.value }))} placeholder="ISO date (optional)" />
-            <label>Bound plates</label>
-            <input value={form.platesText} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, platesText: e.target.value }))} placeholder="comma-separated (optional)" />
-          </div>
-
-          <h4 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>Credentials (card / QR)</h4>
-          {form.credentials.map((c, i) => (
-            <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", marginBottom: "0.3rem" }}>
-              <select value={c.kind} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { kind: e.target.value as "rf" | "qr" })}>
-                <option value="rf">RF card/tag</option>
-                <option value="qr">QR</option>
-              </select>
-              <input value={c.value} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { value: e.target.value })} placeholder="credential value" style={{ flex: 1 }} />
-              <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }))}>×</button>
-            </div>
-          ))}
-          <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: [...f.credentials, { kind: "rf", value: "" }] }))}>+ credential</button>
-          <p style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.85em", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
-            A permit needs at least one credential OR one bound plate.
-          </p>
-
-          <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
-            <button type="button" onClick={save}>Save</button>
-            <button type="button" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>Cancel</button>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-      {msg && <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson" }}>{msg.text}</p>}
-    </section>
-  );
-}

apps/web/src/RolesManager.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  can,
+  createRole,
+  deleteRole,
+  fetchRoles,
+  updateRole,
+  type ManagedRole,
+  type Permission,
+  type SessionUser,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// Role management (admin). Compose a role from the permission grid (a checkbox
+// matrix of resource × action) and name it; users are then assigned a role. The
+// built-in `admin` role is shown read-only/locked (it always has every permission
+// and can't be edited or deleted). The server enforces the same. See
+// @parking/shared PERMISSIONS.
+
+/** Group "resource:action" permissions by resource for the grid rows. */
+function groupByResource(perms: Permission[]): Record<string, Permission[]> {
+  const out: Record<string, Permission[]> = {};
+  for (const p of perms) {
+    const resource = p.split(":")[0]!;
+    (out[resource] ??= []).push(p);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+export function RolesManager({ user }: { user: SessionUser | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const rolesQ = useQuery({ queryKey: ["roles"], queryFn: fetchRoles });
+
+  const canCreate = can(user, "role:create");
+  const canUpdate = can(user, "role:update");
+  const canDelete = can(user, "role:delete");
+
+  const catalog = rolesQ.data?.catalog ?? [];
+  const roles = rolesQ.data?.roles ?? [];
+  const grouped = useMemo(() => groupByResource(catalog), [catalog]);
+
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<ManagedRole | "new" | null>(null);
+
+  const invalidate = () => {
+    void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["roles"] });
+    void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["users"] });
+  };
+  const onError = (e: unknown) => setError(e instanceof ApiError ? e.message : (e as Error).message);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="mx-auto max-w-4xl">
+      <div className="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <h1 className="text-sm font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-amber">{t("roles.title")}</h1>
+        {canCreate && (
+          <button type="button" onClick={() => { setEditing("new"); setError(null); }}
+            className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green">
+            {t("roles.add")}
+          </button>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {error && <div className="mb-2 rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-[12px] text-term-red">{error}</div>}
+
+      {editing && (
+        <RoleEditor
+          role={editing === "new" ? null : editing}
+          grouped={grouped}
+          onCancel={() => setEditing(null)}
+          onSubmit={async (v) => {
+            try {
+              if (editing === "new") await createRole(v);
+              else await updateRole(editing.id, v);
+              setEditing(null);
+              invalidate();
+            } catch (e) { onError(e); }
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+        {roles.map((r) => (
+          <div key={r.id} className="rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel p-3">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <span className="text-[13px] font-semibold text-term-text">{r.name}</span>
+                {r.builtin && (
+                  <span className="rounded-term border border-term-amber/50 px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+                    {t("roles.builtin")}
+                  </span>
+                )}
+                <span className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+                  {t("roles.permCount", { count: r.permissions.length })} · {t("roles.userCount", { count: r.userCount })}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <div className="flex gap-2">
+                {canUpdate && !r.builtin && (
+                  <button type="button" onClick={() => { setEditing(r); setError(null); }}
+                    className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text">{t("roles.edit")}</button>
+                )}
+                {canDelete && !r.builtin && (
+                  <button type="button"
+                    onClick={() => { if (confirm(t("roles.confirmDelete", { name: r.name }))) deleteRoleSafe(r.id, invalidate, onError); }}
+                    className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-red hover:text-term-text">{t("roles.delete")}</button>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+async function deleteRoleSafe(id: string, ok: () => void, onError: (e: unknown) => void) {
+  try { await deleteRole(id); ok(); } catch (e) { onError(e); }
+}
+
+function RoleEditor({
+  role, grouped, onCancel, onSubmit,
+}: {
+  role: ManagedRole | null;
+  grouped: Record<string, Permission[]>;
+  onCancel: () => void;
+  onSubmit: (v: { name: string; permissions: Permission[] }) => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [name, setName] = useState(role?.name ?? "");
+  const [perms, setPerms] = useState<Set<Permission>>(new Set(role?.permissions ?? []));
+  const toggle = (p: Permission) =>
+    setPerms((prev) => {
+      const next = new Set(prev);
+      next.has(p) ? next.delete(p) : next.add(p);
+      return next;
+    });
+
+  const valid = name.trim().length > 0;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="mb-3 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel p-3">
+      <div className="mb-2 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+        {role ? t("roles.editTitle") : t("roles.new")}
+      </div>
+      <label className="mb-3 block text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+        {t("roles.name")}
+        <input value={name} onChange={(e) => setName(e.target.value)}
+          className="mt-1 w-64 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-term-text" />
+      </label>
+
+      <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("roles.permissions")}</div>
+      <div className="mt-1 grid grid-cols-1 gap-1">
+        {Object.entries(grouped).map(([resource, list]) => (
+          <div key={resource} className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-4 gap-y-1 border-t border-term-border py-1.5">
+            <span className="w-28 shrink-0 text-[12px] font-semibold text-term-text">{resource}</span>
+            {list.map((p) => {
+              const action = p.split(":")[1]!;
+              return (
+                <label key={p} className="flex items-center gap-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+                  <input type="checkbox" checked={perms.has(p)} onChange={() => toggle(p)} />
+                  {action}
+                </label>
+              );
+            })}
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="mt-3 flex justify-end gap-2">
+        <button type="button" onClick={onCancel}
+          className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("common.cancel")}</button>
+        <button type="button" disabled={!valid} onClick={() => onSubmit({ name: name.trim(), permissions: [...perms] })}
+          className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-40">{t("common.save")}</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/SetupWizard.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from "react";
 import {
   assignDevice,
+  editDevice,
   discoverDevices,
   fetchBackendIps,
   fetchCatalog,
@@ -127,8 +128,12 @@ function CategorySection({
   onChanged: () => Promise<void> | void;
 }) {
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
+  const [editingId, setEditingId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [warnings, setWarnings] = useState<string[]>([]);
-  const showForm = adding || assignments.length === 0;
+  const editing = editingId ? assignments.find((a) => a.id === editingId) : undefined;
+  // Show the add form for an empty category or an explicit "+ Add", but not while
+  // editing an existing row (that row renders its own inline form).
+  const showForm = !editing && (adding || assignments.length === 0);
 
   // Binding categories need a controller to point at first.
   const isBound = category !== "access";
@@ -162,15 +167,43 @@ function CategorySection({
 
       {assignments.length > 0 && (
         <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0, margin: "0 0 0.75rem" }}>
-          {assignments.map((a) => (
+          {assignments.map((a) =>
-            <AssignmentRow key={a.id} assignment={a} controllers={controllers} onChanged={onChanged} />
+            editingId === a.id ? (
-          ))}
+              <li key={a.id} style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
+                <DeviceForm
+                  category={category}
+                  entries={entries}
+                  discoverableIds={discoverableIds}
+                  pushCapableIds={pushCapableIds}
+                  controllers={controllers}
+                  editing={a}
+                  onSaved={async (w) => {
+                    setWarnings(w);
+                    await onChanged();
+                    setEditingId(null);
+                  }}
+                  onCancel={() => setEditingId(null)}
+                />
+              </li>
+            ) : (
+              <AssignmentRow
+                key={a.id}
+                assignment={a}
+                controllers={controllers}
+                onChanged={onChanged}
+                onEdit={() => {
+                  setAdding(false);
+                  setEditingId(a.id);
+                }}
+              />
+            ),
+          )}
         </ul>
       )}
 
       {blockedNoController ? (
         <p style={{ color: "#b45309", margin: 0 }}>Add a controller first — a {noun} points at one of its relays.</p>
-      ) : showForm ? (
+      ) : editing ? null : showForm ? (
         <DeviceForm
           category={category}
           entries={entries}
@@ -197,10 +230,12 @@ function AssignmentRow({
   assignment,
   controllers,
   onChanged,
+  onEdit,
 }: {
   assignment: Assignment;
   controllers: Assignment[];
   onChanged: () => Promise<void> | void;
+  onEdit: () => void;
 }) {
   const [removing, setRemoving] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -237,6 +272,9 @@ function AssignmentRow({
       {!assignment.enabled && <span style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>(disabled)</span>}
       <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
       {error && <span style={{ color: "crimson" }}>{error}</span>}
+      <button type="button" onClick={onEdit} disabled={removing}>
+        Edit
+      </button>
       <button type="button" onClick={remove} disabled={removing}>
         {removing ? "Removing…" : "Remove"}
       </button>
@@ -280,6 +318,7 @@ function DeviceForm({
   discoverableIds,
   pushCapableIds,
   controllers,
+  editing,
   onSaved,
   onCancel,
 }: {
@@ -288,21 +327,42 @@ function DeviceForm({
   discoverableIds: string[];
   pushCapableIds: string[];
   controllers: Assignment[];
+  /** When set, the form edits this assignment in place (driver locked, config
+   *  pre-filled) instead of adding a new device. */
+  editing?: Assignment;
   onSaved: (warnings: string[]) => Promise<void> | void;
   onCancel?: () => void;
 }) {
-  const [selectedId, setSelectedId] = useState<string>("");
+  // On edit the driver is fixed (you can't change what KIND of device a slot is —
+  // that's a remove + re-add); pre-select it and lock the picker.
+  const editCfg = editing?.config as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  const [selectedId, setSelectedId] = useState<string>(editing?.driverId ?? "");
   const selected = entries.find((e) => e.id === selectedId);
-  const canDiscover = selected != null && discoverableIds.includes(selected.id);
+  const canDiscover = !editing && selected != null && discoverableIds.includes(selected.id);
   const pushesToBackend = selected != null && pushCapableIds.includes(selected.id);
   const isController = category === "access";
 
-  const [config, setConfig] = useState<Record<string, string | number>>({});
+  // Pre-fill scalar config fields from the existing assignment when editing.
+  // (relays/controllerId/relay are model fields handled by their own state below.)
+  const [config, setConfig] = useState<Record<string, string | number>>(() => {
+    if (!editCfg) return {};
+    const out: Record<string, string | number> = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(editCfg)) {
+      if (typeof v === "string" || typeof v === "number") out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
+  });
   // Controllers: the relay map (which relay = entry/exit/both, + entry button terminal).
-  const [relays, setRelays] = useState<RelaySpec[]>([{ relay: 1, direction: "both" }]);
+  const [relays, setRelays] = useState<RelaySpec[]>(() =>
+    Array.isArray(editCfg?.relays) ? (editCfg!.relays as RelaySpec[]) : [{ relay: 1, direction: "both" }],
+  );
   // Bound devices: which controller + relay this device sits at.
-  const [controllerId, setControllerId] = useState<string>("");
+  const [controllerId, setControllerId] = useState<string>(
-  const [boundRelay, setBoundRelay] = useState<number | "">("");
+    typeof editCfg?.controllerId === "string" ? editCfg.controllerId : "",
+  );
+  const [boundRelay, setBoundRelay] = useState<number | "">(
+    typeof editCfg?.relay === "number" ? editCfg.relay : "",
+  );
 
   const [tested, setTested] = useState<TestResult | null>(null);
   const [testing, setTesting] = useState(false);
@@ -420,7 +480,12 @@ function DeviceForm({
     setSaving(true);
     setSaveError(null);
     try {
-      const result = await assignDevice({
+      const result = editing
+        ? await editDevice(editing.id, {
+            config: mergedConfig(),
+            ...(backendIp ? { backendIp } : {}),
+          })
+        : await assignDevice({
             category,
             driverId: selected.id,
             config: mergedConfig(),
@@ -439,7 +504,9 @@ function DeviceForm({
       {entries.length === 0 ? (
         <em>No drivers registered.</em>
       ) : (
-        <select value={selectedId} onChange={(e) => selectDriver(e.target.value)}>
+        // Driver is locked when editing — changing the kind of device is a
+        // remove + re-add, not an in-place edit.
+        <select value={selectedId} onChange={(e) => selectDriver(e.target.value)} disabled={!!editing}>
           <option value="" disabled>
             Choose a device…
           </option>
@@ -538,7 +605,7 @@ function DeviceForm({
               {testing ? "Testing…" : "Test connection"}
             </button>
             <button type="button" onClick={save} disabled={saving}>
-              {saving ? "Saving…" : "Save & configure"}
+              {saving ? "Saving…" : editing ? "Save changes" : "Save & configure"}
             </button>
             {onCancel && (
               <button type="button" onClick={onCancel} disabled={saving}>

apps/web/src/ShiftControl.tsx

@@ -1,25 +1,41 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { closeShift, fetchShift, openShift, type ShiftReport } from "./api.js";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { closeShift, fetchShift, openShift, recordCashMovement, type ShiftReport } from "./api.js";
 
 // Manned-mode shift control. Start/End are explicit (not time-based — see
 // wiki/concepts/shift.md). End Shift signs + prints a Z-report and shows the
-// totals. Available to cashier/operator/admin (readonly has no shift).
+// totals + the DRAWER picture (opening float carried from the prior shift, cash
+// taken/added/removed, expected drawer). Admins can load/remove drawer cash.
+// Available to cashier/operator/admin (readonly has no shift).
 
 const money = (m: number, cur: string | null) => `${(m / 100).toFixed(2)} ${cur ?? ""}`.trim();
 
-export function ShiftControl() {
+export function ShiftControl({ isAdmin = false }: { isAdmin?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [startedAt, setStartedAt] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [drawerMinor, setDrawerMinor] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const [currency, setCurrency] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [report, setReport] = useState<ShiftReport | null>(null);
   const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
+  // Cash-movement form (admin only).
+  const [moveAmount, setMoveAmount] = useState("");
+  const [moveReason, setMoveReason] = useState("");
+  const [moveMsg, setMoveMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  function refresh() {
     fetchShift()
-      .then((s) => setStartedAt(s.open?.startedAt ?? null))
+      .then((s) => {
+        setStartedAt(s.open?.startedAt ?? null);
+        setDrawerMinor(s.drawerMinor);
+        setCurrency(s.currency);
+      })
       .catch(() => {
         /* readonly / not permitted — hide control */
       });
-  }, []);
+  }
+  useEffect(refresh, []);
 
   async function start() {
     setBusy(true);
@@ -28,6 +44,7 @@ export function ShiftControl() {
     try {
       const { startedAt } = await openShift();
       setStartedAt(startedAt);
+      refresh();
     } catch (e) {
       setErr((e as Error).message);
     } finally {
@@ -41,6 +58,7 @@ export function ShiftControl() {
       const z = await closeShift();
       setReport(z);
       setStartedAt(null);
+      refresh();
     } catch (e) {
       setErr((e as Error).message);
     } finally {
@@ -48,33 +66,96 @@ export function ShiftControl() {
     }
   }
 
+  async function move(sign: 1 | -1) {
+    setMoveMsg(null);
+    const major = Number(moveAmount);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(major) || major <= 0) {
+      setMoveMsg(t("shift.enterPositive"));
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const r = await recordCashMovement(sign * Math.round(major * 100), moveReason.trim());
+      setMoveAmount("");
+      setMoveReason("");
+      setMoveMsg(t("shift.drawerNow", { amount: money(r.balanceMinor, currency) }));
+      refresh();
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMoveMsg((e as Error).message);
+    }
+  }
+
   return (
     <section style={{ marginTop: "1.5rem", padding: "0.75rem 1rem", border: "1px solid #ddd", borderRadius: 6, maxWidth: 460 }}>
-      <strong>Shift:</strong>{" "}
+      <strong>{t("shift.label")}</strong>{" "}
       {startedAt ? (
         <>
-          <span style={{ color: "#16a34a" }}>open</span> since {new Date(startedAt).toLocaleString()}{" "}
+          <span style={{ color: "#16a34a" }}>{t("shift.open")}</span> {t("shift.since")}{" "}
+          {new Date(startedAt).toLocaleString()}{" "}
           <button type="button" onClick={end} disabled={busy}>
-            {busy ? "Ending…" : "End shift"}
+            {busy ? t("shift.ending") : t("shift.endShift")}
           </button>
         </>
       ) : (
         <>
-          <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>not started</span>{" "}
+          <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("shift.notStarted")}</span>{" "}
           <button type="button" onClick={start} disabled={busy}>
-            {busy ? "Starting…" : "Start shift"}
+            {busy ? t("shift.starting") : t("shift.startShift")}
           </button>
         </>
       )}
+      {/* Live drawer balance (what's in the till right now / inherited). */}
+      {drawerMinor != null && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.5rem", color: "#555" }}>
+          {t("shift.drawer")} <strong>{money(drawerMinor, currency)}</strong>
+          {startedAt && <span style={{ color: "#888" }}> {t("shift.openingFloatInherited")}</span>}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {err && <p style={{ color: "crimson", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>{err}</p>}
+
+      {/* Admin: load / remove physical drawer cash (signed cash_movement). */}
+      {isAdmin && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.6rem", paddingTop: "0.5rem", borderTop: "1px solid #eee" }}>
+          <div style={{ color: "#666", fontSize: "0.85rem", marginBottom: "0.35rem" }}>
+            {t("shift.drawerCashAdmin")}
+          </div>
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+            <input
+              value={moveAmount}
+              onChange={(e) => setMoveAmount(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t("shift.amount")}
+              inputMode="decimal"
+              style={{ width: 90 }}
+            />
+            <input
+              value={moveReason}
+              onChange={(e) => setMoveReason(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t("shift.reasonPlaceholder")}
+              style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 140 }}
+            />
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => move(1)}>{t("shift.load")}</button>
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => move(-1)}>{t("shift.remove")}</button>
+          </div>
+          {moveMsg && <div style={{ marginTop: "0.35rem", color: "#555", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>{moveMsg}</div>}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {report && (
         <div style={{ marginTop: "0.75rem", fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
-          <div style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>Z-REPORT — {report.operator}</div>
+          <div style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>{t("shift.zReport")} — {report.operator}</div>
-          <div>Payments: {report.paymentCount}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.payments")} {report.paymentCount}</div>
-          <div>Cash: {money(report.cashTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cash")} {money(report.cashTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
-          <div>Card: {money(report.cardTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.card")} {money(report.cardTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
-          <div style={{ color: report.printed ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "0.4rem", color: "#666" }}>{t("shift.drawerSection")}</div>
-            {report.printed ? "Printed to booth receipt." : "Recorded (no printer to print to)."}
+          <div>{t("shift.openingFloat")} {money(report.openingFloatMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashTaken")} {money(report.cashTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashAdded")} {money(report.cashAddedMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashRemoved")} {money(report.cashRemovedMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>
+            {t("shift.expectedDrawer")} {money(report.expectedDrawerMinor, report.currency)}
+          </div>
+          <div style={{ color: report.printed ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309", marginTop: "0.3rem" }}>
+            {report.printed ? t("shift.printedToReceipt") : t("shift.recordedNoPrinter")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}

apps/web/src/SiteSettings.tsx

@@ -1,14 +1,30 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { fetchOccupancy, fetchSiteConfig, setCapacity, type Occupancy } from "./api.js";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { fetchOccupancy, fetchSiteConfig, saveSiteConfig, type Occupancy, type SiteConfig } from "./api.js";
 
-// Live occupancy + capacity. Occupancy is shown to everyone (it's a fold over the
+// Live occupancy + capacity + park metadata. Occupancy is shown to everyone (it's a
-// signed ledger); the capacity field is admin-editable. The FULL gate (refuse
+// fold over the signed ledger); capacity and the metadata fields are admin-editable.
-// transient entry at capacity) is enforced server-side in the entry flow.
+// The FULL gate (refuse transient entry at capacity) is enforced server-side in the
-// See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+// entry flow. Metadata (name, NIUS, address, contact) feeds the ticket header.
+// See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md and wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
+
+// The optional text fields, in display order. `labelKey`/`phKey` are i18n keys
+// (resolved at render); only `address` is multiline.
+const META_FIELDS: ReadonlyArray<{ key: keyof SiteConfig; labelKey: string; phKey?: string; multiline?: boolean }> = [
+  { key: "parkName", labelKey: "site.fieldParkName", phKey: "site.fieldParkNamePh" },
+  { key: "operatorName", labelKey: "site.fieldOperator", phKey: "site.fieldOperatorPh" },
+  { key: "nius", labelKey: "site.fieldNius", phKey: "site.fieldNiusPh" },
+  { key: "address", labelKey: "site.fieldAddress", multiline: true },
+  { key: "phone", labelKey: "site.fieldPhone" },
+  { key: "email", labelKey: "site.fieldEmail" },
+];
 
 export function SiteSettings({ canEdit }: { canEdit: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [occ, setOcc] = useState<Occupancy | null>(null);
   const [capInput, setCapInput] = useState("");
+  const [meta, setMeta] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
+  const [exitVoucherDefault, setExitVoucherDefault] = useState(false);
   const [msg, setMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
   function reload() {
@@ -17,18 +33,29 @@ export function SiteSettings({ canEdit }: { canEdit: boolean }) {
   useEffect(() => {
     reload();
     fetchSiteConfig()
-      .then((c) => setCapInput(c.capacity == null ? "" : String(c.capacity)))
+      .then((c) => {
+        setCapInput(c.capacity == null ? "" : String(c.capacity));
+        setExitVoucherDefault(c.exitVoucherDefault);
+        const m: Record<string, string> = {};
+        for (const { key } of META_FIELDS) m[key] = c[key] == null ? "" : String(c[key]);
+        setMeta(m);
+      })
       .catch(() => {});
   }, []);
 
   async function save() {
     setMsg(null);
     const raw = capInput.trim();
-    const capacity = raw === "" ? null : Math.round(Number(raw));
+    const patch: Partial<SiteConfig> = {
+      capacity: raw === "" ? null : Math.round(Number(raw)),
+      exitVoucherDefault,
+    };
+    // Send each metadata field; "" → null is applied server-side.
+    for (const { key } of META_FIELDS) (patch as Record<string, string | null>)[key] = meta[key] ?? "";
     try {
-      await setCapacity(capacity);
+      await saveSiteConfig(patch);
       reload();
-      setMsg("Capacity saved.");
+      setMsg(t("site.saved"));
     } catch (e) {
       setMsg((e as Error).message);
     }
@@ -36,29 +63,62 @@ export function SiteSettings({ canEdit }: { canEdit: boolean }) {
 
   return (
     <section style={{ marginTop: "1.5rem", padding: "0.75rem 1rem", border: "1px solid #ddd", borderRadius: 6, maxWidth: 460 }}>
-      <strong>Occupancy:</strong>{" "}
+      <strong>{t("site.occupancy")}</strong>{" "}
       {occ == null ? (
         "…"
       ) : (
         <>
           <span style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>{occ.count}</span>
-          {occ.capacity != null ? ` / ${occ.capacity}` : " (no capacity set)"}
+          {occ.capacity != null ? ` / ${occ.capacity}` : ` ${t("site.noCapacitySet")}`}
           {occ.capacity != null && (
-            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}> · {occ.free} free</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}> · {occ.free} {t("site.free")}</span>
           )}
-          {occ.full && <span style={{ color: "crimson", marginLeft: "0.5rem", fontWeight: 600 }}>FULL</span>}{" "}
+          {occ.full && <span style={{ color: "crimson", marginLeft: "0.5rem", fontWeight: 600 }}>{t("site.full")}</span>}{" "}
           <button type="button" onClick={reload} style={{ marginLeft: "0.5rem" }}>↻</button>
         </>
       )}
       {canEdit && (
-        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.6rem" }}>
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.6rem", display: "grid", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
           <label>
-            Capacity (blank = no limit):{" "}
+            {t("site.capacityLabel")}{" "}
-            <input value={capInput} onChange={(e) => setCapInput(e.target.value)} style={{ width: 80 }} placeholder="e.g. 120" />
+            <input value={capInput} onChange={(e) => setCapInput(e.target.value)} style={{ width: 80 }} placeholder={t("site.capacityPlaceholder")} />
-          </label>{" "}
+          </label>
-          <button type="button" onClick={save}>Save</button>
+          <label style={{ display: "flex", alignItems: "center", gap: "0.4rem" }}>
+            <input
+              type="checkbox"
+              checked={exitVoucherDefault}
+              onChange={(e) => setExitVoucherDefault(e.target.checked)}
+            />
+            {t("site.printExitDefault")}
+            <span style={{ color: "#888", fontSize: "0.8rem" }}>{t("site.printExitHint")}</span>
+          </label>
+          <div style={{ borderTop: "1px solid #eee", paddingTop: "0.5rem", color: "#666", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>
+            {t("site.parkDetails")}
+          </div>
+          {META_FIELDS.map(({ key, labelKey, phKey, multiline }) => (
+            <label key={key} style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>
+              {t(labelKey)}
+              {multiline ? (
+                <textarea
+                  value={meta[key] ?? ""}
+                  onChange={(e) => setMeta((m) => ({ ...m, [key]: e.target.value }))}
+                  rows={2}
+                  placeholder={phKey ? t(phKey) : undefined}
+                />
+              ) : (
+                <input
+                  value={meta[key] ?? ""}
+                  onChange={(e) => setMeta((m) => ({ ...m, [key]: e.target.value }))}
+                  placeholder={phKey ? t(phKey) : undefined}
+                />
+              )}
+            </label>
+          ))}
+          <div>
+            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("site.save")}</button>
             {msg && <span style={{ marginLeft: "0.5rem", color: "#555" }}>{msg}</span>}
           </div>
+        </div>
       )}
     </section>
   );

apps/web/src/SubscriptionManager.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  armCapture,
+  cancelCapture,
+  createSubscription,
+  deleteSubscription,
+  fetchReaders,
+  fetchSiteConfig,
+  fetchSubscriptions,
+  pollCapture,
+  printSubscription,
+  revokeSubscription,
+  updateSubscription,
+  type ReaderInfo,
+  type Subscription,
+  type SubscriptionCredential,
+  type SubscriptionInput,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// Subscription admin. Create/edit/revoke/delete subscriptions + their credentials
+// (card/QR) and bound plates, and the recurring monthly price (e.g. 10,000 ALL). A
+// subscription is mutable master data; every USE of it is a signed ledger event
+// elsewhere. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+const DEFAULT_CURRENCY = "ALL";
+
+interface FormState {
+  holderName: string;
+  contact: string;
+  priceMajor: string; // major units as typed (e.g. "10000"); "" = no price
+  currency: string;
+  carBound: boolean; // false = unbound (maxConcurrent null)
+  maxConcurrent: string;
+  validFrom: string;
+  months: string; // months paid for; "" = none (use explicit validTo / open-ended)
+  validTo: string;
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredential[];
+  platesText: string; // comma/space separated
+}
+
+/** Today (UTC date, yyyy-mm-dd) for a sensible default validFrom on new subs. */
+function todayISODate(): string {
+  return new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+
+function emptyForm(defaultPriceMajor = "", currency = DEFAULT_CURRENCY): FormState {
+  return {
+    holderName: "",
+    contact: "",
+    priceMajor: defaultPriceMajor,
+    currency,
+    carBound: true,
+    maxConcurrent: "1",
+    validFrom: todayISODate(),
+    months: "1",
+    validTo: "",
+    credentials: [{ kind: "qr", value: "" }],
+    platesText: "",
+  };
+}
+function formFrom(s: Subscription): FormState {
+  return {
+    holderName: s.holderName ?? "",
+    contact: s.contact ?? "",
+    priceMajor: s.priceMinor != null ? String(s.priceMinor / 100) : "",
+    currency: s.currency ?? DEFAULT_CURRENCY,
+    carBound: s.maxConcurrent != null,
+    maxConcurrent: s.maxConcurrent != null ? String(s.maxConcurrent) : "1",
+    validFrom: s.validFrom ?? "",
+    months: "", // on edit, default to leaving the window as-is (explicit validTo below)
+    validTo: s.validTo ?? "",
+    credentials: s.credentials.length ? s.credentials : [{ kind: "qr", value: "" }],
+    platesText: s.plates.join(", "),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Add whole months to a yyyy-mm-dd (clamps day overflow), → yyyy-mm-dd. Mirrors the
+ *  server's addMonths so the form can preview the coverage end. */
+function addMonthsDate(date: string, months: number): string | null {
+  const d = new Date(`${date}T00:00:00Z`);
+  if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+  const day = d.getUTCDate();
+  d.setUTCMonth(d.getUTCMonth() + months);
+  if (d.getUTCDate() < day) d.setUTCDate(0);
+  return d.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+const STATUS_KEY: Record<Subscription["status"], string> = {
+  active: "subs.statusActive",
+  suspended: "subs.statusSuspended",
+  revoked: "subs.statusRevoked",
+};
+
+function toInput(f: FormState): SubscriptionInput {
+  const major = Number(f.priceMajor);
+  const priceSet = f.priceMajor.trim() !== "" && Number.isFinite(major) && major >= 0;
+  const monthsNum = f.months.trim() === "" ? null : Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.months) || 0));
+  return {
+    holderName: f.holderName.trim() || null,
+    contact: f.contact.trim() || null,
+    priceMinor: priceSet ? Math.round(major * 100) : null,
+    period: "monthly",
+    currency: priceSet ? f.currency.trim() || DEFAULT_CURRENCY : null,
+    maxConcurrent: f.carBound ? Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.maxConcurrent) || 1)) : null,
+    validFrom: f.validFrom.trim() || null,
+    // months (with validFrom) drives validTo server-side; else send the explicit end.
+    months: monthsNum && f.validFrom.trim() ? monthsNum : null,
+    validTo: f.validTo.trim() || null,
+    // A QR credential with a blank value is sent as { kind:'qr' } (no value) so the
+    // server auto-generates the code. RF (and pre-existing QR) keep their value.
+    credentials: f.credentials
+      .filter((c) => c.kind === "qr" || c.value.trim())
+      .map((c) => (c.value.trim() ? { kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() } : { kind: c.kind })),
+    plates: f.platesText.split(/[,\s]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean),
+  };
+}
+
+function priceLabel(s: Subscription, t: (k: string) => string): string {
+  if (s.priceMinor == null) return t("subs.noPrice");
+  return `${(s.priceMinor / 100).toLocaleString()} ${s.currency ?? ""} / ${t("subs.perMonth")}`.trim();
+}
+
+export function SubscriptionManager() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[] | null>(null);
+  const [defaultPriceMajor, setDefaultPriceMajor] = useState("");
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<string | "new" | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(() => emptyForm());
+  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
+  // Credential capture ("Read card"): which credential index is being captured, the
+  // reader picker list, and a live status line. null = no capture in progress.
+  const [capture, setCapture] = useState<{ credIndex: number; phase: "pick" | "waiting"; status?: string } | null>(null);
+  const [readers, setReaders] = useState<ReaderInfo[]>([]);
+  const pollRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
+
+  function reload() {
+    fetchSubscriptions()
+      .then((r) => setSubs(r.subscriptions))
+      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+  }
+  useEffect(() => {
+    reload();
+    // Pull the site default monthly price to pre-fill new subscriptions.
+    fetchSiteConfig()
+      .then((c) => {
+        if (c.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor != null) setDefaultPriceMajor(String(c.subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor / 100));
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        /* non-fatal — the form just won't pre-fill */
+      });
+  }, []);
+
+  function startNew() {
+    setForm(emptyForm(defaultPriceMajor));
+    setEditing("new");
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+  function startEdit(s: Subscription) {
+    setForm(formFrom(s));
+    setEditing(s.id);
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+
+  async function save() {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      if (editing === "new") {
+        const created = await createSubscription(toInput(form));
+        setEditing(null);
+        reload();
+        // Reflect the auto-print outcome: printed OK, or saved-but-print-failed (the
+        // operator can use "Print code" to retry).
+        if (created.printed) {
+          setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.savedPrinted") });
+        } else if (created.printError) {
+          setMsg({ kind: "err", text: t("subs.savedPrintFailed", { error: created.printError }) });
+        } else {
+          setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.saved") });
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (editing) await updateSubscription(editing, toInput(form));
+      setEditing(null);
+      reload();
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.saved") });
+    } catch (e) {
+      const problems = e instanceof ApiError ? (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems : undefined;
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: problems?.length ? `${(e as Error).message}: ${problems.join("; ")}` : (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  async function doPrint(s: Subscription) {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await printSubscription(s.id);
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.printedOn", { printer: r.printedBy }) });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  async function doRevoke(s: Subscription) {
+    if (!confirm(t("subs.confirmRevoke", { name: s.holderName ?? s.id }))) return;
+    await revokeSubscription(s.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+  async function doDelete(s: Subscription) {
+    if (!confirm(t("subs.confirmDelete", { name: s.holderName ?? s.id }))) return;
+    await deleteSubscription(s.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+
+  function setCred(i: number, patch: Partial<SubscriptionCredential>) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.map((c, j) => (j === i ? { ...c, ...patch } : c)) }));
+  }
+
+  function clearPoll() {
+    if (pollRef.current) {
+      clearInterval(pollRef.current);
+      pollRef.current = null;
+    }
+  }
+  // Stop a capture in progress (cancel on the server + clear local state).
+  function stopCapture() {
+    clearPoll();
+    void cancelCapture().catch(() => {});
+    setCapture(null);
+  }
+  // "Read card" on credential i → load readers + show the picker.
+  async function startCapture(i: number) {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await fetchReaders();
+      setReaders(r.readers);
+      setCapture({ credIndex: i, phase: "pick" });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  // Operator picked a reader → arm it and poll until captured / expired.
+  async function pickReader(deviceId: string) {
+    const cap = capture;
+    if (!cap) return;
+    try {
+      await armCapture(deviceId);
+      setCapture({ ...cap, phase: "waiting", status: t("subs.captureWaiting") });
+      clearPoll();
+      pollRef.current = setInterval(async () => {
+        try {
+          const st = await pollCapture();
+          if (st.status === "captured") {
+            clearPoll();
+            setCred(cap.credIndex, { value: st.value });
+            void cancelCapture().catch(() => {}); // clear the server-side result
+            setCapture(null);
+            setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("subs.captured", { value: st.value }) });
+          } else if (st.status === "expired" || st.status === "idle") {
+            clearPoll();
+            setCapture({ ...cap, phase: "waiting", status: t("subs.captureTimeout") });
+          }
+        } catch {
+          /* transient poll error — keep polling */
+        }
+      }, 700);
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message });
+      setCapture(null);
+    }
+  }
+  // Stop polling if the form closes or the component unmounts.
+  useEffect(() => clearPoll, []);
+
+  // Live coverage preview: when months + validFrom are set, show the end date and
+  // (if priced) the N×monthly total the operator should collect.
+  const monthsN = form.months.trim() === "" ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.round(Number(form.months) || 0));
+  const coverageEnd = monthsN >= 1 && form.validFrom.trim() ? addMonthsDate(form.validFrom.trim(), monthsN) : null;
+  const priceMajorN = form.priceMajor.trim() === "" ? null : Number(form.priceMajor);
+  const totalDue =
+    coverageEnd && priceMajorN != null && Number.isFinite(priceMajorN)
+      ? `${(priceMajorN * monthsN).toLocaleString()} ${form.currency.trim() || DEFAULT_CURRENCY}`
+      : null;
+  const coverageHint = coverageEnd
+    ? t("subs.coverageHint", { end: coverageEnd }) + (totalDue ? ` · ${t("subs.totalDue", { total: totalDue })}` : "")
+    : null;
+
+  if (!subs) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
+      <h2>{t("subs.title")}</h2>
+      <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
+        {subs.map((s) => (
+          <li key={s.id} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", padding: "0.4rem 0", borderBottom: "1px solid #eee" }}>
+            <strong>{s.holderName ?? t("subs.unnamed")}</strong>
+            <span style={{ color: s.status === "active" ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>{t(STATUS_KEY[s.status])}</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#0a7", fontVariantNumeric: "tabular-nums" }}>{priceLabel(s, t)}</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>
+              {s.maxConcurrent == null ? t("subs.unbound") : t("subs.car", { count: s.maxConcurrent })} ·{" "}
+              {s.credentials.length} {t("subs.cred")} · {t("subs.plates", { count: s.plates.length })}
+            </span>
+            <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+            {/* Print code — only when the subscription has a QR credential to encode. */}
+            {s.credentials.some((c) => c.kind === "qr") && (
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => doPrint(s)}>{t("subs.printCode")}</button>
+            )}
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => startEdit(s)}>{t("subs.edit")}</button>
+            {s.status !== "revoked" && <button type="button" onClick={() => doRevoke(s)}>{t("subs.revoke")}</button>}
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => doDelete(s)}>{t("subs.delete")}</button>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+        {subs.length === 0 && <li style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("subs.noneYet")}</li>}
+      </ul>
+
+      {editing == null ? (
+        <button type="button" onClick={startNew}>{t("subs.add")}</button>
+      ) : (
+        <div style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", padding: "1rem", marginTop: "0.5rem", maxWidth: 460 }}>
+          <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{editing === "new" ? t("subs.new") : t("subs.editTitle")}</h3>
+          <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+            <label>{t("subs.holderName")}</label>
+            <input value={form.holderName} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, holderName: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.contact")}</label>
+            <input value={form.contact} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, contact: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.monthlyPrice")}</label>
+            <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+              <input
+                value={form.priceMajor}
+                onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, priceMajor: e.target.value }))}
+                inputMode="decimal"
+                placeholder={t("subs.pricePlaceholder")}
+                style={{ width: 110 }}
+              />
+              <input value={form.currency} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, currency: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 60 }} />
+              <span style={{ color: "#888" }}>/ {t("subs.perMonth")}</span>
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.carLimit")}</label>
+            <span>
+              <label style={{ marginRight: "0.5rem" }}>
+                <input type="checkbox" checked={form.carBound} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, carBound: e.target.checked }))} /> {t("subs.limitCarsInAtOnce")}
+              </label>
+              {form.carBound && (
+                <input value={form.maxConcurrent} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, maxConcurrent: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 50 }} />
+              )}
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.validFrom")}</label>
+            <input type="date" value={form.validFrom} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validFrom: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.months")}</label>
+            <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+              <input
+                value={form.months}
+                onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, months: e.target.value }))}
+                inputMode="numeric"
+                placeholder="1"
+                style={{ width: 50 }}
+              />
+              <span style={{ color: "#888" }}>{t("subs.monthsHint")}</span>
+              {/* Live preview of the coverage end + the N×price total. */}
+              {coverageHint && <span style={{ color: "#0a7" }}>{coverageHint}</span>}
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("subs.validToOverride")}</label>
+            <input type="date" value={form.validTo} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validTo: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("subs.boundPlates")}</label>
+            <input value={form.platesText} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, platesText: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("subs.commaSeparatedOptional")} />
+          </div>
+
+          <h4 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("subs.credentials")}</h4>
+          {form.credentials.map((c, i) => (
+            <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", marginBottom: "0.3rem" }}>
+              {/* Operator chooses the credential type: QR (auto-generated) or RFID
+                  (read off a card via "Read card"). */}
+              <select value={c.kind} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { kind: e.target.value as "rf" | "qr" })}>
+                <option value="qr">{t("subs.qr")}</option>
+                <option value="rf">{t("subs.rfCardTag")}</option>
+              </select>
+              {c.kind === "qr" ? (
+                // QR codes are server-generated. Blank → "will be generated"; an
+                // existing code is shown read-only (it can be printed; never typed).
+                c.value.trim() ? (
+                  <input value={c.value} readOnly style={{ flex: 1, fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace", background: "#f6f6f6" }} />
+                ) : (
+                  <span style={{ flex: 1, color: "#888", fontStyle: "italic", alignSelf: "center" }}>{t("subs.qrAutoGen")}</span>
+                )
+              ) : (
+                // RFID: the value is read off a physical card (or typed). "Read card"
+                // arms a chosen reader and fills the captured value.
+                <input value={c.value} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { value: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("subs.rfPlaceholder")} style={{ flex: 1, fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace" }} />
+              )}
+              {c.kind === "rf" && (
+                <button type="button" onClick={() => startCapture(i)} disabled={capture != null}>{t("subs.readCard")}</button>
+              )}
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }))}>×</button>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: [...f.credentials, { kind: "qr", value: "" }] }))}>{t("subs.addCredential")}</button>
+
+          {/* Capture panel: pick a reader, present the card; the captured value fills
+              the credential. The OTHER reader keeps serving the live flow. */}
+          {capture && (
+            <div style={{ marginTop: "0.5rem", padding: "0.6rem 0.75rem", border: "1px solid #0a7", borderRadius: 6, background: "#f0fbf6" }}>
+              {capture.phase === "pick" ? (
+                <>
+                  <div style={{ marginBottom: "0.35rem" }}>{t("subs.captureChooseReader")}</div>
+                  <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+                    {readers.length === 0 && <span style={{ color: "#a00" }}>{t("subs.captureNoReaders")}</span>}
+                    {readers.map((r) => (
+                      <button key={r.id} type="button" onClick={() => pickReader(r.id)}>
+                        {t(`devices.role.${r.direction}`)} ({r.driverId})
+                      </button>
+                    ))}
+                    <button type="button" onClick={stopCapture}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+                  </div>
+                </>
+              ) : (
+                <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.6rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+                  <span>{capture.status ?? t("subs.captureWaiting")}</span>
+                  <button type="button" onClick={stopCapture}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          <p style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.85em", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
+            {t("subs.needCredentialOrPlate")}
+          </p>
+
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
+            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("subs.save")}</button>
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>{t("subs.cancel")}</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {msg && <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson" }}>{msg.text}</p>}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/TariffComposer.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   ApiError,
   fetchTariff,
+  isTariffV2,
   publishTariffVersion,
   type TariffBlock,
+  type TariffCard,
   type TariffStructure,
   type TariffState,
 } from "./api.js";
@@ -14,32 +17,106 @@ import {
 // usability and converted to integer minor units on submit. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
 
 // Editable form mirror of TariffStructure, but money in major-unit strings.
+// Blocks are edited as a DURATION in hours ("this band lasts N hours") — the
+// owner thinks "first 2 hours, then next 3 hours", not in cumulative minutes.
+// The LAST block is always open-ended ("thereafter"): its hours field is unused
+// and it has no bound. On submit, per-block hours accumulate into the engine's
+// cumulative `uptoMin` (minutes), and the last block emits uptoMin: null.
 interface BlockForm {
-  uptoMin: string; // "" = open-ended (last block)
+  hours: string; // duration of THIS band, in hours (ignored for the last block)
   price: string; // major units, e.g. "2.00"
 }
+// A pricing body the form edits: either a flat rate or a block ladder.
+interface PricingForm {
+  mode: "ladder" | "flat";
+  flat: string; // major units (used when mode==="flat")
+  blocks: BlockForm[]; // hours-based ladder (used when mode==="ladder")
+  dailyCap: string; // "" = no cap (ladder only)
+}
+// An optional time/category TIER (a V2 windowed card). Absent windows = unconstrained.
+interface TierForm {
+  name: string;
+  priority: string;
+  category: string; // "" = applies to all categories
+  dow: number[]; // selected days 0..6; empty = every day
+  fromHour: string; // "" = all day
+  toHour: string;
+  dateFrom: string; // "" = unbounded
+  dateTo: string;
+  pricing: PricingForm;
+}
 interface FormState {
   currency: string;
   gracePeriodEntryMin: string;
   incrementMin: string;
-  dailyCap: string; // "" = no cap
   lostTicket: string;
   gracePeriodExitMin: string;
-  blocks: BlockForm[];
+  // The default (always-active) card — its own flat/ladder body + daily cap.
+  base: PricingForm;
+  // Optional time/category tiers. Empty ⇒ a bare V1 structure is published.
+  tiers: TierForm[];
 }
 
 const toMinor = (major: string): number => Math.round(parseFloat(major || "0") * 100);
 const toMajor = (minor: number): string => (minor / 100).toFixed(2);
 
+function emptyLadder(): PricingForm {
+  return { mode: "ladder", flat: "0.00", dailyCap: "", blocks: [{ hours: "1", price: "2.00" }, { hours: "", price: "1.00" }] };
+}
+function emptyTier(): TierForm {
+  return { name: "", priority: "10", category: "", dow: [], fromHour: "", toHour: "", dateFrom: "", dateTo: "", pricing: { ...emptyLadder(), blocks: [{ hours: "", price: "1.00" }] } };
+}
+
 function emptyForm(): FormState {
   return {
     currency: "EUR",
     gracePeriodEntryMin: "15",
     incrementMin: "60",
-    dailyCap: "",
     lostTicket: "20.00",
     gracePeriodExitMin: "15",
-    blocks: [{ uptoMin: "60", price: "2.00" }, { uptoMin: "", price: "1.00" }],
+    base: emptyLadder(),
+    tiers: [],
+  };
+}
+
+// Convert a stored block ladder's cumulative `uptoMin` (minutes) into the per-band
+// hours the form edits. Open-ended last band has no hours. Legacy bounded tails still
+// load (shown as their own band).
+function blocksToForm(blocks: TariffBlock[]): BlockForm[] {
+  let prev = 0;
+  return blocks.map((b) => {
+    if (b.uptoMin == null) return { hours: "", price: toMajor(b.priceMinorPerIncrement) };
+    const hours = (b.uptoMin - prev) / 60;
+    prev = b.uptoMin;
+    return { hours: String(hours), price: toMajor(b.priceMinorPerIncrement) };
+  });
+}
+
+// A stored card (V2) or bare-V1 body → the form's PricingForm (flat or ladder).
+function pricingFromCard(c: { flatMinor?: number; blocks?: TariffBlock[]; dailyCapMinor?: number | null }): PricingForm {
+  if (c.flatMinor != null) {
+    return { mode: "flat", flat: toMajor(c.flatMinor), dailyCap: "", blocks: emptyLadder().blocks };
+  }
+  return {
+    mode: "ladder",
+    flat: "0.00",
+    dailyCap: c.dailyCapMinor == null ? "" : toMajor(c.dailyCapMinor),
+    blocks: blocksToForm(c.blocks ?? []),
+  };
+}
+
+function tierFromCard(c: TariffCard): TierForm {
+  const w = c.window ?? {};
+  return {
+    name: c.name,
+    priority: String(c.priority),
+    category: c.category ?? "",
+    dow: w.dow ? [...w.dow] : [],
+    fromHour: w.fromHour ?? "",
+    toHour: w.toHour ?? "",
+    dateFrom: w.dateFrom ?? "",
+    dateTo: w.dateTo ?? "",
+    pricing: pricingFromCard(c),
   };
 }
 
@@ -47,37 +124,85 @@ function formFromActive(s: TariffState): FormState {
   const v = s.active;
   if (!v) return emptyForm();
   const st = v.structure;
-  return {
+  const common = {
     currency: v.currency,
     gracePeriodEntryMin: String(st.gracePeriodEntryMin),
     incrementMin: String(st.incrementMin),
-    dailyCap: st.dailyCapMinor == null ? "" : toMajor(st.dailyCapMinor),
     lostTicket: toMajor(st.lostTicketMinor),
     gracePeriodExitMin: String(st.gracePeriodExitMin),
-    blocks: st.blocks.map((b) => ({
-      uptoMin: b.uptoMin == null ? "" : String(b.uptoMin),
-      price: toMajor(b.priceMinorPerIncrement),
-    })),
   };
+  if (isTariffV2(st)) {
+    return { ...common, base: pricingFromCard(st.defaultCard), tiers: (st.windowedCards ?? []).map(tierFromCard) };
+  }
+  // V1: the bare ladder becomes the default card body; no tiers.
+  return { ...common, base: pricingFromCard(st), tiers: [] };
+}
+
+// Build a tariff card's pricing body (flat XOR ladder) from a PricingForm.
+function pricingToCardBody(p: PricingForm): Pick<TariffCard, "flatMinor" | "blocks" | "dailyCapMinor"> {
+  if (p.mode === "flat") return { flatMinor: toMinor(p.flat) };
+  // Accumulate each band's hours into cumulative uptoMin (min); last band open-ended.
+  const last = p.blocks.length - 1;
+  let cum = 0;
+  const blocks: TariffBlock[] = p.blocks.map((b, i) => {
+    if (i === last) return { uptoMin: null, priceMinorPerIncrement: toMinor(b.price) };
+    cum += Math.round(Number(b.hours || "0") * 60);
+    return { uptoMin: cum, priceMinorPerIncrement: toMinor(b.price) };
+  });
+  return { blocks, dailyCapMinor: p.dailyCap.trim() === "" ? null : toMinor(p.dailyCap) };
+}
+
+function tierToCard(tr: TierForm): TariffCard {
+  const window: TariffCard["window"] = {};
+  if (tr.dow.length > 0) window.dow = [...tr.dow].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+  if (tr.fromHour && tr.toHour) {
+    window.fromHour = tr.fromHour;
+    window.toHour = tr.toHour;
+  }
+  if (tr.dateFrom) window.dateFrom = tr.dateFrom;
+  if (tr.dateTo) window.dateTo = tr.dateTo;
+  const card: TariffCard = {
+    name: tr.name.trim() || "tier",
+    priority: Math.round(Number(tr.priority || "0")),
+    ...pricingToCardBody(tr.pricing),
+  };
+  if (tr.category.trim()) card.category = tr.category.trim();
+  if (Object.keys(window).length > 0) card.window = window;
+  return card;
 }
 
 function toStructure(f: FormState): TariffStructure {
-  const blocks: TariffBlock[] = f.blocks.map((b) => ({
+  const common = {
-    uptoMin: b.uptoMin.trim() === "" ? null : Math.round(Number(b.uptoMin)),
-    priceMinorPerIncrement: toMinor(b.price),
-  }));
-  return {
     gracePeriodEntryMin: Math.round(Number(f.gracePeriodEntryMin)),
     incrementMin: Math.round(Number(f.incrementMin)),
-    blocks,
-    dailyCapMinor: f.dailyCap.trim() === "" ? null : toMinor(f.dailyCap),
     lostTicketMinor: toMinor(f.lostTicket),
     gracePeriodExitMin: Math.round(Number(f.gracePeriodExitMin)),
-    overstay: "reprice",
+    overstay: "reprice" as const,
+  };
+  const baseBody = pricingToCardBody(f.base);
+
+  // NO tiers ⇒ publish a BARE V1 structure (back-compat: a site that never wants
+  // tiers gets exactly today's shape; the server leaves it untouched).
+  if (f.tiers.length === 0) {
+    if (f.base.mode === "flat") {
+      // A flat V1: a single open-ended block at the flat rate (V1 has no flat field).
+      return { ...common, blocks: [{ uptoMin: null, priceMinorPerIncrement: toMinor(f.base.flat) }], dailyCapMinor: null };
+    }
+    return { ...common, blocks: baseBody.blocks ?? [], dailyCapMinor: baseBody.dailyCapMinor ?? null };
+  }
+
+  // Tiers present ⇒ V2. tz is stamped server-side from site config (left blank here).
+  return {
+    ...common,
+    version: 2,
+    tz: "",
+    defaultCard: { name: "default", priority: 0, ...baseBody },
+    windowedCards: f.tiers.map(tierToCard),
   };
 }
 
 export function TariffComposer() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [state, setState] = useState<TariffState | null>(null);
   const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(emptyForm);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
@@ -95,14 +220,48 @@ export function TariffComposer() {
   function set<K extends keyof FormState>(key: K, value: FormState[K]) {
     setForm((f) => ({ ...f, [key]: value }));
   }
-  function setBlock(i: number, patch: Partial<BlockForm>) {
+
-    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: f.blocks.map((b, j) => (j === i ? { ...b, ...patch } : b)) }));
+  // --- pricing-body editing (used by the default card AND each tier) ---
+  // `update` maps the old PricingForm to a new one; `target` selects which body:
+  // the base card, or tier index N.
+  function updatePricing(target: "base" | number, update: (p: PricingForm) => PricingForm) {
+    setForm((f) => {
+      if (target === "base") return { ...f, base: update(f.base) };
+      return { ...f, tiers: f.tiers.map((tr, j) => (j === target ? { ...tr, pricing: update(tr.pricing) } : tr)) };
+    });
   }
-  function addBlock() {
+  function setBlock(target: "base" | number, i: number, patch: Partial<BlockForm>) {
-    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: [...f.blocks, { uptoMin: "", price: "0.00" }] }));
+    updatePricing(target, (p) => ({ ...p, blocks: p.blocks.map((b, j) => (j === i ? { ...b, ...patch } : b)) }));
   }
-  function removeBlock(i: number) {
+  // Insert a bounded band just BEFORE the open-ended tail, so the last block stays open-ended.
-    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: f.blocks.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }));
+  function addBlock(target: "base" | number) {
+    updatePricing(target, (p) => {
+      const next = [...p.blocks];
+      next.splice(p.blocks.length - 1, 0, { hours: "1", price: "0.00" });
+      return { ...p, blocks: next };
+    });
+  }
+  function removeBlock(target: "base" | number, i: number) {
+    updatePricing(target, (p) => (i === p.blocks.length - 1 || p.blocks.length <= 1 ? p : { ...p, blocks: p.blocks.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }));
+  }
+
+  // --- tier editing ---
+  function setTier(i: number, patch: Partial<TierForm>) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, tiers: f.tiers.map((tr, j) => (j === i ? { ...tr, ...patch } : tr)) }));
+  }
+  function addTier() {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, tiers: [...f.tiers, emptyTier()] }));
+  }
+  function removeTier(i: number) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, tiers: f.tiers.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }));
+  }
+  function toggleDow(i: number, d: number) {
+    setForm((f) => ({
+      ...f,
+      tiers: f.tiers.map((tr, j) =>
+        j === i ? { ...tr, dow: tr.dow.includes(d) ? tr.dow.filter((x) => x !== d) : [...tr.dow, d] } : tr,
+      ),
+    }));
   }
 
   async function publish() {
@@ -112,7 +271,7 @@ export function TariffComposer() {
       await publishTariffVersion({ currency: form.currency.trim().toUpperCase(), structure: toStructure(form) });
       const fresh = await fetchTariff();
       setState(fresh);
-      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: "New tariff version published — it's now the active rate card." });
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("tariff.publishedOk") });
     } catch (e) {
       const text =
         e instanceof ApiError && (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems
@@ -126,77 +285,115 @@ export function TariffComposer() {
 
   return (
     <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
-      <h2>Tariff</h2>
+      <h2>{t("tariff.title")}</h2>
       {!state?.active ? (
-        <p style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>
+        <p style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>{t("tariff.noRateCard")}</p>
-          No rate card published yet — the pay station can't charge until you publish one.
-        </p>
       ) : (
         <p style={{ color: "#555" }}>
-          Active since {new Date(state.active.effectiveFrom).toLocaleString()} ·{" "}
+          {t("tariff.activeSince", {
-          {state.versions.length} version(s) in history. Publishing creates a new version; past
+            date: new Date(state.active.effectiveFrom).toLocaleString(),
-          sessions keep their original pricing.
+            count: state.versions.length,
+          })}
         </p>
       )}
 
       <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center", maxWidth: 460 }}>
-        <label>Currency</label>
+        <label>{t("tariff.currency")}</label>
         <input value={form.currency} onChange={(e) => set("currency", e.target.value)} maxLength={3} style={{ width: 80 }} />
-        <label>Free entry grace (min)</label>
+        <label>{t("tariff.freeEntryGrace")}</label>
         <input value={form.gracePeriodEntryMin} onChange={(e) => set("gracePeriodEntryMin", e.target.value)} />
-        <label>Billing increment (min)</label>
+        <label>{t("tariff.billingIncrement")}</label>
         <input value={form.incrementMin} onChange={(e) => set("incrementMin", e.target.value)} />
-        <label>Daily cap (blank = none)</label>
+        <label>{t("tariff.lostTicketFee")}</label>
-        <input value={form.dailyCap} onChange={(e) => set("dailyCap", e.target.value)} placeholder="e.g. 12.00" />
-        <label>Lost-ticket fee</label>
         <input value={form.lostTicket} onChange={(e) => set("lostTicket", e.target.value)} />
-        <label>Exit walk-back grace (min)</label>
+        <label>{t("tariff.exitGrace")}</label>
         <input value={form.gracePeriodExitMin} onChange={(e) => set("gracePeriodExitMin", e.target.value)} />
       </div>
 
-      <h3 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>Rate blocks</h3>
+      {/* The DEFAULT card — always-active rate. Front-and-centre; a site that never
-      <p style={{ color: "#777", margin: "0 0 0.5rem", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
+          wants tiers just edits this and publishes a bare V1 structure. */}
-        Consumed in order as time accrues. "Up to (min)" is the block's upper bound; leave the last
+      <h3 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("tariff.defaultCard")}</h3>
-        block's bound blank for "thereafter". Price is per billing increment.
+      <p style={{ color: "#777", margin: "0 0 0.5rem", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>{t("tariff.defaultCardHint")}</p>
-      </p>
+      <PricingEditor
-      <table style={{ borderCollapse: "collapse" }}>
+        t={t}
-        <thead>
+        pricing={form.base}
-          <tr style={{ textAlign: "left", color: "#555" }}>
+        onMode={(mode) => updatePricing("base", (p) => ({ ...p, mode }))}
-            <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>Up to (min)</th>
+        onFlat={(flat) => updatePricing("base", (p) => ({ ...p, flat }))}
-            <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>Price / increment</th>
+        onCap={(dailyCap) => updatePricing("base", (p) => ({ ...p, dailyCap }))}
-            <th />
+        onBlock={(i, patch) => setBlock("base", i, patch)}
-          </tr>
+        onAddBlock={() => addBlock("base")}
-        </thead>
+        onRemoveBlock={(i) => removeBlock("base", i)}
-        <tbody>
-          {form.blocks.map((b, i) => (
-            <tr key={i}>
-              <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
-                <input
-                  value={b.uptoMin}
-                  onChange={(e) => setBlock(i, { uptoMin: e.target.value })}
-                  placeholder={i === form.blocks.length - 1 ? "thereafter" : "e.g. 60"}
-                  style={{ width: 110 }}
       />
-              </td>
+
-              <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
+      {/* Advanced: time & seasonal/category TIERS (opt-in). Empty ⇒ V1 is published. */}
-                <input value={b.price} onChange={(e) => setBlock(i, { price: e.target.value })} style={{ width: 90 }} />
+      <details style={{ marginTop: "1.25rem" }} open={form.tiers.length > 0}>
-              </td>
+        <summary style={{ cursor: "pointer", fontWeight: 600 }}>{t("tariff.tiersAdvanced")}</summary>
-              <td>
+        <p style={{ color: "#777", margin: "0.4rem 0", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>{t("tariff.tiersHint")}</p>
-                <button type="button" onClick={() => removeBlock(i)} disabled={form.blocks.length <= 1}>
+        {form.tiers.map((tr, i) => (
-                  Remove
+          <fieldset key={i} style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", borderRadius: 6, padding: "0.6rem 0.8rem", marginBottom: "0.75rem" }}>
+            <legend style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+              <input
+                value={tr.name}
+                onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { name: e.target.value })}
+                placeholder={t("tariff.tierName")}
+                style={{ width: 140 }}
+              />
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => removeTier(i)}>
+                {t("tariff.remove")}
               </button>
-              </td>
+            </legend>
-            </tr>
+            <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.35rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center", maxWidth: 520 }}>
+              <label>{t("tariff.tierPriority")}</label>
+              <input value={tr.priority} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { priority: e.target.value })} style={{ width: 70 }} />
+              <label>{t("tariff.tierCategory")}</label>
+              <input value={tr.category} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { category: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("tariff.tierCategoryPh")} style={{ width: 140 }} />
+              <label>{t("tariff.tierDays")}</label>
+              <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.3rem", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+                {[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0].map((d) => (
+                  <label key={d} style={{ display: "inline-flex", alignItems: "center", gap: "0.15rem", fontSize: "0.85em" }}>
+                    <input type="checkbox" checked={tr.dow.includes(d)} onChange={() => toggleDow(i, d)} />
+                    {t(`tariff.dow${d}`)}
+                  </label>
                 ))}
-        </tbody>
+              </span>
-      </table>
+              <label>{t("tariff.tierHours")}</label>
-      <button type="button" onClick={addBlock} style={{ marginTop: "0.4rem" }}>
+              <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.3rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
-        + Add block
+                <input value={tr.fromHour} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { fromHour: e.target.value })} placeholder="22:00" style={{ width: 70 }} />
+                <span>–</span>
+                <input value={tr.toHour} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { toHour: e.target.value })} placeholder="06:00" style={{ width: 70 }} />
+                {tr.fromHour && tr.toHour && tr.toHour <= tr.fromHour && (
+                  <span style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.8em" }}>{t("tariff.tierOvernight")}</span>
+                )}
+              </span>
+              <label>{t("tariff.tierDates")}</label>
+              <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.3rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+                <input type="date" value={tr.dateFrom} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { dateFrom: e.target.value })} />
+                <span>–</span>
+                <input type="date" value={tr.dateTo} onChange={(e) => setTier(i, { dateTo: e.target.value })} />
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            <div style={{ marginTop: "0.5rem" }}>
+              <PricingEditor
+                t={t}
+                pricing={tr.pricing}
+                onMode={(mode) => updatePricing(i, (p) => ({ ...p, mode }))}
+                onFlat={(flat) => updatePricing(i, (p) => ({ ...p, flat }))}
+                onCap={(dailyCap) => updatePricing(i, (p) => ({ ...p, dailyCap }))}
+                onBlock={(bi, patch) => setBlock(i, bi, patch)}
+                onAddBlock={() => addBlock(i)}
+                onRemoveBlock={(bi) => removeBlock(i, bi)}
+              />
+            </div>
+          </fieldset>
+        ))}
+        <button type="button" onClick={addTier}>
+          {t("tariff.addTier")}
         </button>
+      </details>
 
       <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem" }}>
         <button type="button" onClick={publish} disabled={saving}>
-          {saving ? "Publishing…" : "Publish new version"}
+          {saving ? t("tariff.publishing") : t("tariff.publishNewVersion")}
         </button>
       </div>
       {msg && (
@@ -205,3 +402,82 @@ export function TariffComposer() {
     </section>
   );
 }
+
+// A reusable flat/ladder pricing-body editor — used by the default card and each tier.
+function PricingEditor(props: {
+  t: (k: string) => string;
+  pricing: PricingForm;
+  onMode: (m: "ladder" | "flat") => void;
+  onFlat: (v: string) => void;
+  onCap: (v: string) => void;
+  onBlock: (i: number, patch: Partial<BlockForm>) => void;
+  onAddBlock: () => void;
+  onRemoveBlock: (i: number) => void;
+}) {
+  const { t, pricing: p } = props;
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "1rem", marginBottom: "0.4rem", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
+        <label style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.25rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+          <input type="radio" checked={p.mode === "ladder"} onChange={() => props.onMode("ladder")} />
+          {t("tariff.modeLadder")}
+        </label>
+        <label style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.25rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+          <input type="radio" checked={p.mode === "flat"} onChange={() => props.onMode("flat")} />
+          {t("tariff.modeFlat")}
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      {p.mode === "flat" ? (
+        <div style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+          <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("tariff.pricePerIncrement")}</span>
+          <input value={p.flat} onChange={(e) => props.onFlat(e.target.value)} style={{ width: 90 }} />
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <table style={{ borderCollapse: "collapse" }}>
+            <thead>
+              <tr style={{ textAlign: "left", color: "#555" }}>
+                <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>{t("tariff.bandDuration")}</th>
+                <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>{t("tariff.pricePerIncrement")}</th>
+                <th />
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              {p.blocks.map((b, i) => {
+                const isTail = i === p.blocks.length - 1;
+                return (
+                  <tr key={i}>
+                    <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
+                      {isTail ? (
+                        <span style={{ color: "#777", fontStyle: "italic" }}>{t("tariff.thereafter")}</span>
+                      ) : (
+                        <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", alignItems: "center", gap: "0.3rem" }}>
+                          <input value={b.hours} onChange={(e) => props.onBlock(i, { hours: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("tariff.egHours")} style={{ width: 70 }} />
+                          <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("tariff.hoursUnit")}</span>
+                        </span>
+                      )}
+                    </td>
+                    <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
+                      <input value={b.price} onChange={(e) => props.onBlock(i, { price: e.target.value })} style={{ width: 90 }} />
+                    </td>
+                    <td>{!isTail && <button type="button" onClick={() => props.onRemoveBlock(i)}>{t("tariff.remove")}</button>}</td>
+                  </tr>
+                );
+              })}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "0.4rem", display: "flex", gap: "1rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+            <button type="button" onClick={props.onAddBlock}>
+              {t("tariff.addBlock")}
+            </button>
+            <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", gap: "0.3rem", alignItems: "center", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
+              <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("tariff.dailyCap")}</span>
+              <input value={p.dailyCap} onChange={(e) => props.onCap(e.target.value)} placeholder={t("tariff.dailyCapPh")} style={{ width: 90 }} />
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/UsersManager.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  can,
+  createUser,
+  deleteUser,
+  fetchRoles,
+  fetchUsers,
+  resetUserPassword,
+  updateUser,
+  type ManagedRole,
+  type ManagedUser,
+  type SessionUser,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// User management (admin). List users, create one (username + password + role),
+// change a user's role, reset a password, delete. The server enforces the same
+// permissions and the no-lockout rule (the last admin can't be removed). See
+// wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
+
+export function UsersManager({ user }: { user: SessionUser | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const usersQ = useQuery({ queryKey: ["users"], queryFn: fetchUsers });
+  const rolesQ = useQuery({ queryKey: ["roles"], queryFn: fetchRoles });
+
+  const canCreate = can(user, "user:create");
+  const canUpdate = can(user, "user:update");
+  const canDelete = can(user, "user:delete");
+
+  const roles: ManagedRole[] = rolesQ.data?.roles ?? [];
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
+
+  const invalidate = () => void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["users"] });
+  const onError = (e: unknown) =>
+    setError(e instanceof ApiError ? e.message : (e as Error).message);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="mx-auto max-w-3xl">
+      <div className="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <h1 className="text-sm font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-amber">{t("users.title")}</h1>
+        {canCreate && roles.length > 0 && (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => { setAdding(true); setError(null); }}
+            className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green"
+          >
+            {t("users.add")}
+          </button>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {error && <div className="mb-2 rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-[12px] text-term-red">{error}</div>}
+
+      {adding && (
+        <UserForm
+          roles={roles}
+          onCancel={() => setAdding(false)}
+          onSubmit={async (v) => {
+            try {
+              await createUser({ username: v.username, password: v.password, roleId: v.roleId });
+              setAdding(false);
+              invalidate();
+            } catch (e) { onError(e); }
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-term border border-term-border">
+        <table className="w-full text-[12px]">
+          <thead className="bg-term-panel-2 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+            <tr>
+              <th className="px-3 py-1.5 text-left">{t("users.username")}</th>
+              <th className="px-3 py-1.5 text-left">{t("users.role")}</th>
+              <th className="px-3 py-1.5 text-right">{t("common.none")}</th>
+            </tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            {(usersQ.data?.users ?? []).map((u) => (
+              <UserRow
+                key={u.id}
+                u={u}
+                roles={roles}
+                canUpdate={canUpdate}
+                canDelete={canDelete}
+                onChanged={invalidate}
+                onError={onError}
+              />
+            ))}
+            {usersQ.data?.users.length === 0 && (
+              <tr><td colSpan={3} className="px-3 py-3 text-term-muted">{t("users.none")}</td></tr>
+            )}
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function UserRow({
+  u, roles, canUpdate, canDelete, onChanged, onError,
+}: {
+  u: ManagedUser;
+  roles: ManagedRole[];
+  canUpdate: boolean;
+  canDelete: boolean;
+  onChanged: () => void;
+  onError: (e: unknown) => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [resetting, setResetting] = useState(false);
+  const [pw, setPw] = useState("");
+
+  const roleMut = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: (roleId: string) => updateUser(u.id, { roleId }),
+    onSuccess: onChanged,
+    onError,
+  });
+  const pwMut = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () => resetUserPassword(u.id, pw),
+    onSuccess: () => { setResetting(false); setPw(""); },
+    onError,
+  });
+  const delMut = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () => deleteUser(u.id),
+    onSuccess: onChanged,
+    onError,
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <tr className="border-t border-term-border">
+      <td className="px-3 py-1.5">{u.username}</td>
+      <td className="px-3 py-1.5">
+        {canUpdate ? (
+          <select
+            value={u.roleId}
+            onChange={(e) => roleMut.mutate(e.target.value)}
+            className="rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel px-2 py-0.5 text-[12px]"
+          >
+            {roles.map((r) => <option key={r.id} value={r.id}>{r.name}</option>)}
+          </select>
+        ) : (
+          u.roleName
+        )}
+      </td>
+      <td className="px-3 py-1.5 text-right">
+        <div className="flex justify-end gap-2">
+          {canUpdate && !resetting && (
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => setResetting(true)}
+              className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text">
+              {t("users.resetPassword")}
+            </button>
+          )}
+          {canUpdate && resetting && (
+            <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
+              <input
+                type="password" value={pw} autoFocus
+                onChange={(e) => setPw(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder={t("users.newPassword")}
+                className="w-32 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel px-2 py-0.5 text-[12px]"
+              />
+              <button type="button" disabled={pw.length < 8 || pwMut.isPending} onClick={() => pwMut.mutate()}
+                className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-40">
+                {t("common.save")}
+              </button>
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => { setResetting(false); setPw(""); }}
+                className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">✕</button>
+            </span>
+          )}
+          {canDelete && (
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => { if (confirm(t("users.confirmDelete", { name: u.username }))) delMut.mutate(); }}
+              className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-red hover:text-term-text"
+            >
+              {t("users.delete")}
+            </button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  );
+}
+
+function UserForm({
+  roles, onCancel, onSubmit,
+}: {
+  roles: ManagedRole[];
+  onCancel: () => void;
+  onSubmit: (v: { username: string; password: string; roleId: string }) => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [username, setUsername] = useState("");
+  const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
+  const [roleId, setRoleId] = useState(roles[0]?.id ?? "");
+  const valid = username.trim().length > 0 && password.length >= 8 && roleId;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="mb-3 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel p-3">
+      <div className="mb-2 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">{t("users.new")}</div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
+        <label className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+          {t("users.username")}
+          <input value={username} onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
+            className="mt-1 w-full rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-term-text" />
+        </label>
+        <label className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+          {t("users.password")}
+          <input type="password" value={password} onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+            className="mt-1 w-full rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-term-text" />
+        </label>
+        <label className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+          {t("users.role")}
+          <select value={roleId} onChange={(e) => setRoleId(e.target.value)}
+            className="mt-1 w-full rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+            {roles.map((r) => <option key={r.id} value={r.id}>{r.name}</option>)}
+          </select>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+      <div className="mt-1 text-[10px] text-term-muted">{t("users.passwordHint")}</div>
+      <div className="mt-2 flex justify-end gap-2">
+        <button type="button" onClick={onCancel}
+          className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("common.cancel")}</button>
+        <button type="button" disabled={!valid} onClick={() => onSubmit({ username: username.trim(), password, roleId })}
+          className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-40">{t("common.save")}</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/api.ts

@@ -44,11 +44,24 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
 
 // --- Auth -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-export type Role = "admin" | "operator" | "cashier" | "readonly";
+export type Lang = "sq" | "en";
+/** A `resource:action` permission string (the server is the source of truth for
+ *  the full grid; the role composer fetches it via /api/roles). */
+export type Permission = string;
 export interface SessionUser {
   id: string;
   username: string;
-  role: Role;
+  roleId: string;
+  roleName: string;
+  /** The permissions this user's role grants — the UI gates nav/routes on these. */
+  permissions: Permission[];
+  /** Preferred UI language (loaded from the server on login). */
+  language: Lang;
+}
+
+/** Does this session grant the permission? Central authz check for the SPA. */
+export function can(user: SessionUser | null, perm: Permission): boolean {
+  return !!user && user.permissions.includes(perm);
 }
 
 export function login(username: string, password: string): Promise<SessionUser> {
@@ -62,6 +75,11 @@ export function logout(): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
   return apiFetch("/api/auth/logout", { method: "POST" });
 }
 
+/** Persist the current user's UI language preference (restored on next login). */
+export function setLanguagePref(language: Lang): Promise<{ language: Lang }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/auth/language", { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify({ language }) });
+}
+
 /** Returns the current user, or null if not authenticated. */
 export async function fetchMe(): Promise<SessionUser | null> {
   try {
@@ -72,6 +90,54 @@ export async function fetchMe(): Promise<SessionUser | null> {
   }
 }
 
+// --- User & role management (RBAC) ----------------------------------------
+
+export interface ManagedUser {
+  id: string;
+  username: string;
+  roleId: string;
+  roleName: string;
+  language: Lang;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+export interface ManagedRole {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  builtin: boolean;
+  permissions: Permission[];
+  userCount: number;
+}
+
+export function fetchUsers(): Promise<{ users: ManagedUser[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/users");
+}
+export function createUser(body: { username: string; password: string; roleId: string }): Promise<ManagedUser> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/users", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function updateUser(id: string, body: { username?: string; roleId?: string }): Promise<ManagedUser> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/users/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function resetUserPassword(id: string, password: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/users/${id}/password`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify({ password }) });
+}
+export function deleteUser(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/users/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+}
+
+/** Roles + the full permission catalog (for the composer checkbox grid). */
+export function fetchRoles(): Promise<{ catalog: Permission[]; roles: ManagedRole[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/roles");
+}
+export function createRole(body: { name: string; permissions: Permission[] }): Promise<ManagedRole> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/roles", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function updateRole(id: string, body: { name?: string; permissions?: Permission[] }): Promise<ManagedRole> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/roles/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function deleteRole(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/roles/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+}
+
 // --- Device setup ---------------------------------------------------------
 
 export interface ConfigField {
@@ -186,6 +252,15 @@ export function assignDevice(body: AssignBody): Promise<AssignResult> {
   return apiFetch("/api/setup/assign", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
 
+/** Re-configure an existing device in place, keeping its id (and so its push
+ *  URL). Category/driver are fixed at create time, so only config changes. */
+export function editDevice(
+  id: string,
+  body: Omit<AssignBody, "category" | "driverId">,
+): Promise<AssignResult> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/setup/assign/${id}`, { method: "PATCH", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+
 /** A persisted device assignment (one per instance; machine-only secrets stripped). */
 export interface Assignment {
   id: string;
@@ -223,7 +298,10 @@ export interface TariffBlock {
   uptoMin: number | null;
   priceMinorPerIncrement: number;
 }
-export interface TariffStructure {
+// Mirrors @parking/shared. Two shapes: V1 (bare ladder) and V2 (default + windowed
+// cards by time-of-day / dow / date / category, flat or laddered). The discriminant
+// is the presence of `defaultCard`. See wiki/concepts/tariff-time-tiers.md.
+export interface TariffStructureV1 {
   gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
   incrementMin: number;
   blocks: TariffBlock[];
@@ -232,6 +310,39 @@ export interface TariffStructure {
   gracePeriodExitMin: number;
   overstay: "reprice";
 }
+export interface TariffWindow {
+  dow?: number[];
+  dateFrom?: string;
+  dateTo?: string;
+  fromHour?: string;
+  toHour?: string;
+}
+export interface TariffCard {
+  name: string;
+  priority: number;
+  category?: string;
+  window?: TariffWindow;
+  flatMinor?: number;
+  blocks?: TariffBlock[];
+  dailyCapMinor?: number | null;
+}
+export interface TariffStructureV2 {
+  version: 2;
+  tz: string;
+  gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
+  incrementMin: number;
+  lostTicketMinor: number;
+  gracePeriodExitMin: number;
+  overstay: "reprice";
+  defaultCard: TariffCard;
+  windowedCards?: TariffCard[];
+}
+export type TariffStructure = TariffStructureV1 | TariffStructureV2;
+
+/** True when a structure is the windowed V2 shape (mirrors @parking/shared isTariffV2). */
+export function isTariffV2(t: TariffStructure): t is TariffStructureV2 {
+  return (t as TariffStructureV2).defaultCard != null;
+}
 export interface TariffVersion {
   id: string;
   tariffId: string;
@@ -260,48 +371,114 @@ export function publishTariffVersion(body: {
   return apiFetch("/api/tariff/versions", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
 
-// --- Permits --------------------------------------------------------------
+// --- Subscriptions --------------------------------------------------------
 
-export interface PermitCredential {
+export interface SubscriptionCredential {
   kind: "rf" | "qr";
   value: string;
 }
-export interface Permit {
+export interface Subscription {
   id: string;
   holderName: string | null;
   contact: string | null;
+  /** Recurring price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00). null = not set. */
+  priceMinor: number | null;
+  period: "monthly";
+  currency: string | null;
   maxConcurrent: number | null;
   validFrom: string | null;
   validTo: string | null;
   status: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
-  credentials: PermitCredential[];
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredential[];
   plates: string[];
 }
-export type PermitInput = Omit<Permit, "id" | "status"> & {
+/** A credential as SENT to the server: a QR value may be omitted/blank → the server
-  status?: Permit["status"];
+ *  auto-generates an unguessable code. RF must carry the card id. */
+export interface SubscriptionCredentialInput {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  value?: string;
+}
+export type SubscriptionInput = {
+  holderName: string | null;
+  contact: string | null;
+  priceMinor: number | null;
+  period: "monthly";
+  currency: string | null;
+  maxConcurrent: number | null;
+  validFrom: string | null;
+  validTo: string | null;
+  /** Months paid for: when set (with validFrom), validTo = validFrom + months. */
+  months?: number | null;
+  status?: Subscription["status"];
+  credentials: SubscriptionCredentialInput[];
+  plates: string[];
 };
 
-export function fetchPermits(): Promise<{ permits: Permit[] }> {
+/** The create response = the saved subscription + the auto-print outcome. */
-  return apiFetch("/api/permits");
+export type SubscriptionCreated = Subscription & {
+  printed: boolean;
+  printedBy?: string;
+  printError?: string;
+};
+
+export function fetchSubscriptions(): Promise<{ subscriptions: Subscription[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions");
 }
-export function createPermit(body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+export function createSubscription(body: SubscriptionInput): Promise<SubscriptionCreated> {
-  return apiFetch("/api/permits", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
-export function updatePermit(id: string, body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+/** Re-print a subscription's QR card (failed auto-print / lost card). */
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+export function printSubscription(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; printedBy: string }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}/print`, { method: "POST" });
 }
-export function revokePermit(id: string): Promise<Permit> {
+
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}/revoke`, { method: "POST" });
+// --- Credential capture ("enroll a card" on a chosen reader) ---------------
+
+export interface ReaderInfo {
+  id: string;
+  driverId: string;
+  direction: "entry" | "exit" | "both";
 }
-export function deletePermit(id: string): Promise<void> {
+export type CaptureState =
-  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+  | { status: "idle" }
+  | { status: "armed"; deviceId: string; armedAt: number; expiresAt: number }
+  | { status: "captured"; deviceId: string; value: string; capturedAt: number }
+  | { status: "expired"; deviceId: string };
+
+export function fetchReaders(): Promise<{ readers: ReaderInfo[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/readers");
+}
+export function armCapture(deviceId: string): Promise<{ expiresAt: number }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture/arm", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ deviceId }) });
+}
+export function pollCapture(): Promise<CaptureState> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture");
+}
+export function cancelCapture(): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/subscriptions/capture/cancel", { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function updateSubscription(id: string, body: SubscriptionInput): Promise<Subscription> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function revokeSubscription(id: string): Promise<Subscription> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}/revoke`, { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function deleteSubscription(id: string): Promise<void> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/subscriptions/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
 }
 
 // --- Shifts ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export interface ShiftStatus {
+  /** The requesting (logged-in) operator. */
   operator: string;
-  open: { startedAt: string } | null;
+  /** The SINGLE site-wide open shift (startedAt + whose), or null if none open. */
+  open: { startedAt: string; operator: string | null } | null;
+  /** True iff the open shift belongs to the requesting operator (can close it). */
+  isMine: boolean;
+  /** Live physical drawer balance (cash payments + cash movements). */
+  drawerMinor: number;
+  currency: string | null;
 }
 export interface ShiftReport {
   operator: string;
@@ -311,19 +488,35 @@ export interface ShiftReport {
   cardTotalMinor: number;
   currency: string | null;
   paymentCount: number;
+  // Drawer (carries across shifts).
+  openingFloatMinor: number;
+  cashAddedMinor: number;
+  cashRemovedMinor: number;
+  expectedDrawerMinor: number;
   printed: boolean;
 }
 
 export function fetchShift(): Promise<ShiftStatus> {
   return apiFetch("/api/shift/current");
 }
-export function openShift(): Promise<{ startedAt: string }> {
+export function openShift(): Promise<{ startedAt: string; openingFloatMinor: number }> {
   return apiFetch("/api/shift/open", { method: "POST" });
 }
 export function closeShift(): Promise<ShiftReport> {
   return apiFetch("/api/shift/close", { method: "POST" });
 }
 
+/** Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash. amountMinor signed: + load, − remove. */
+export function recordCashMovement(
+  amountMinor: number,
+  reason: string,
+): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; balanceMinor: number }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/cash-movement", {
+    method: "POST",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ amountMinor, reason }),
+  });
+}
+
 // --- Site config / occupancy ----------------------------------------------
 
 export interface Occupancy {
@@ -333,12 +526,189 @@ export interface Occupancy {
   full: boolean;
 }
 
+/** Capacity + optional park metadata (all nullable). Mirrors site_config. */
+export interface SiteConfig {
+  capacity: number | null;
+  /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
+  exitVoucherDefault: boolean;
+  /** Site default monthly subscription price (minor units); pre-fills the form. */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: number | null;
+  parkName: string | null;
+  operatorName: string | null;
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number. */
+  nius: string | null;
+  address: string | null;
+  phone: string | null;
+  email: string | null;
+  /** IANA timezone for tariff wall-clock windows (e.g. "Europe/Tirane"). Copied into
+   *  each published tariff version so its windows are frozen. */
+  timezone: string | null;
+  /** Default vehicle/customer category frozen onto each transient entry (V2 pricing). */
+  defaultVehicleCategory: string | null;
+}
+
 export function fetchOccupancy(): Promise<Occupancy> {
   return apiFetch("/api/occupancy");
 }
-export function fetchSiteConfig(): Promise<{ capacity: number | null }> {
+
+// --- Device status (the booth footer) -------------------------------------
+
+/** Live status of one configured device — mirrors the server's DeviceStatusEvent.
+ *  Every enabled device is polled (printers via rich readStatus, the rest via
+ *  healthCheck) and flattened to one traffic-light. Pushed over the WS; the REST
+ *  snapshot below is the initial load / fallback. */
+export interface DeviceStatus {
+  deviceId: string;
+  driverId: string;
+  category: "access" | "reader" | "camera" | "printer";
+  /** Role/direction token for the footer label (NOT the vendor) — the client
+   *  localises it next to the category, e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje", "Printer kabina". */
+  roleKind: "entry" | "exit" | "both" | "mixed" | "lane" | "booth" | null;
+  state: "ready" | "degraded" | "offline";
+  detail?: string;
+  checkedAt: string;
+}
+
+export function fetchDeviceStatus(): Promise<{ devices: DeviceStatus[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/devices/status");
+}
+
+// --- Ledger events (the signed audit trail; read-only) --------------------
+
+/** A persisted ledger row. Re-exported from shared so UI code has one source of
+ *  truth for the event shape (the same type the WS pushes). */
+export type { LedgerEvent } from "@parking/shared";
+
+/** Recent ledger events, newest first (default 100, max 1000). Used for the
+ *  booth feed's initial load; live updates then arrive over the WS. `since` (ISO)
+ *  scopes to events at/after that instant — the booth passes the current shift's
+ *  start so the feed shows ONLY this shift's activity. */
+export function fetchEvents(
+  limit = 100,
+  since?: string,
+): Promise<{ events: import("@parking/shared").LedgerEvent[] }> {
+  const qs = new URLSearchParams({ limit: String(limit) });
+  if (since) qs.set("since", since);
+  return apiFetch(`/api/events?${qs.toString()}`);
+}
+
+// --- Booth: session lookup, payment, exit ---------------------------------
+
+/** One-read session view for the booth pay/exit modal (mirrors server SessionLookup). */
+export interface SessionLookup {
+  identity: string;
+  found: boolean;
+  open: boolean;
+  enteredAt: string | null;
+  exitedAt: string | null;
+  paidAt: string | null;
+  amountMinor: number | null;
+  currency: string | null;
+  withinGrace: boolean;
+  graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** A subscription occurrence (prepaid — no pay flow; barrier-open assist only). */
+  subscription: boolean;
+  subscriptionId: string | null;
+  subscriptionHolder: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Look up a ticket/session for the booth modal (entry/exit, paid, amount owed). */
+export function lookupSession(identity: string): Promise<SessionLookup> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/session/${encodeURIComponent(identity)}`);
+}
+
+/** One row in the booth Active Sessions list (mirrors server ActiveSession). */
+export interface ActiveSession {
+  identity: string;
+  source: string | null;
+  enteredAt: string;
+  exitedAt: string | null;
+  open: boolean;
+  paidAt: string | null;
+  amountMinor: number | null;
+  currency: string | null;
+  withinGrace: boolean;
+  graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+  /** A subscription occurrence (prepaid — no pay flow; barrier-open assist only). */
+  subscription: boolean;
+  subscriptionId: string | null;
+  subscriptionHolder: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Active sessions: still-inside OR exited-but-within-grace (barrier unconfirmed). */
+export function fetchActiveSessions(): Promise<{ sessions: ActiveSession[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/sessions/active");
+}
+
+/** Human-intervention barrier re-open for a paid active session (damaged ticket /
+ *  phantom re-close). Signs an audited anomaly; never a 2nd exit. */
+export function reopenBarrier(identity: string): Promise<{ ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/barrier/reopen", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+/** Take payment for a session → signed payment event. `overrideMinor` sets an
+ *  operator amount (lost ticket / dispute). */
+export function paySession(
+  identity: string,
+  tender: "cash" | "card",
+  overrideMinor?: number,
+): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; currency: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/pay", {
+    method: "POST",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ identity, tender, ...(overrideMinor != null ? { overrideMinor } : {}) }),
+  });
+}
+
+/** Booth-driven exit result. `opened:false` = exit recorded but barrier didn't
+ *  open (payment stands; operator opens manually). */
+export type BoothExitResult = { ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string };
+
+/** Validate + open the barrier for a session from the booth (when near the exit). */
+export function boothExit(identity: string): Promise<BoothExitResult> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/exit", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+/** Print an exit voucher (paid ticket id reprinted as a barcode) + payment detail,
+ *  for self-exit at a distant exit. Requires the session to be paid. */
+export function printVoucher(identity: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; printedBy: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/voucher", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+/** Print a standalone PAYMENT RECEIPT (entry/paid/duration/amount, no barcode).
+ *  Auto-printed after a payment when no voucher is issued; also the "reprint"
+ *  action. Requires the session to be paid. */
+export function printReceipt(identity: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; printedBy: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/receipt", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+// --- Snapshots (entry/exit evidence images) -------------------------------
+
+export interface SnapshotMeta {
+  id: string;
+  direction: "entry" | "exit" | null;
+  deviceId: string;
+  identity: string;
+  contentType: string;
+  capturedAt: string;
+}
+
+/** Snapshot metadata for a session identity (newest first). Image bytes are at
+ *  `/api/snapshots/:id` — use that URL directly as an <img src>. */
+export function fetchSnapshots(identity: string): Promise<{ snapshots: SnapshotMeta[] }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/snapshots/by-identity/${encodeURIComponent(identity)}`);
+}
+
+/** URL for a snapshot's image bytes (cookie-authed; usable as <img src>). */
+export function snapshotImageUrl(id: string): string {
+  return `/api/snapshots/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`;
+}
+export function fetchSiteConfig(): Promise<SiteConfig> {
   return apiFetch("/api/site-config");
 }
-export function setCapacity(capacity: number | null): Promise<{ capacity: number | null }> {
+/** PUT a partial config — only the fields supplied are changed. */
-  return apiFetch("/api/site-config", { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify({ capacity }) });
+export function saveSiteConfig(patch: Partial<SiteConfig>): Promise<SiteConfig> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/site-config", { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(patch) });
+}
+export function setCapacity(capacity: number | null): Promise<SiteConfig> {
+  return saveSiteConfig({ capacity });
 }

apps/web/src/index.css

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+@import "tailwindcss";
+
+/* Bloomberg-terminal aesthetic: dense, dark, monospace, keyboard-first.
+   Tailwind v4 — design tokens live here in @theme (no tailwind.config.js).
+   The booth runs on a fixed appliance display; we optimise for a dark room,
+   glanceable status colour, and high information density over whitespace.
+
+   Token vocabulary adopted from the "TRM" design system (Tracking & Race
+   Management) — TOKENS ONLY: colours, type scale, spacing, radii, shadows.
+   None of TRM's race-timing components are used. The existing `term-*` accents
+   are aligned onto TRM's exact values so the whole booth UI inherits the TRM
+   palette without renaming a single class. TRM's full vocabulary is also
+   exposed as utilities (night-*, ink-*, paper-*, flag/amber/green/blue, the
+   spacing/type/shadow scales) for new work.
+
+   Offline appliance: NO webfont @import (no network at runtime). Goldplay (the
+   TRM display face) is not self-hosted yet — display/heading text falls back to
+   a clean sans stack; wire local Goldplay @font-face here if it's wanted. */
+@theme {
+  /* ============================================================
+     TERMINAL ACCENTS — aligned onto TRM's exact values.
+     These keep their `term-*` names (used across every screen),
+     but now resolve to TRM colours so the palette is unified.
+     ============================================================ */
+  /* Surfaces — TRM "night" (trackside dark) scale. */
+  --color-term-bg: #0b0d10;        /* TRM --night */
+  --color-term-panel: #14171c;     /* TRM --night-2 */
+  --color-term-panel-2: #1e222a;   /* TRM --night-3 */
+  --color-term-border: #2a2f38;    /* TRM --night-line */
+  --color-term-muted: #8a8a82;     /* TRM --night-fg-3 / --ink-4 */
+  --color-term-text: #f2f2ee;      /* TRM --night-fg */
+
+  /* Status accents — TRM semantic colours. */
+  --color-term-amber: #f2a516;     /* TRM --amber  (caution / accent / focus) */
+  --color-term-green: #2e8c4a;     /* TRM --green  (entry / ok / free) */
+  --color-term-red: #e8412b;       /* TRM --flag   (exit / fault / full) */
+  --color-term-cyan: #2563c8;      /* TRM --blue   (payment / info / live) */
+
+  /* ============================================================
+     TRM FULL VOCABULARY — exposed as Tailwind utilities for new work.
+     ============================================================ */
+  /* Ink & paper (light surfaces — for any light-on-dark inversions). */
+  --color-paper: #fafaf7;
+  --color-paper-2: #f2f2ee;
+  --color-paper-3: #e8e8e2;
+  --color-ink: #0e0e0c;
+  --color-ink-2: #2a2a26;
+  --color-ink-3: #5a5a53;
+  --color-ink-4: #8a8a82;
+  --color-ink-5: #b8b8b0;
+  --color-ink-6: #dcdcd4;
+
+  /* Night scale (the booth's working surfaces). */
+  --color-night: #0b0d10;
+  --color-night-2: #14171c;
+  --color-night-3: #1e222a;
+  --color-night-line: #2a2f38;
+  --color-night-fg: #f2f2ee;
+  --color-night-fg-2: #b8b8b0;
+  --color-night-fg-3: #8a8a82;
+
+  /* Race accents + semantic. */
+  --color-flag: #e8412b;
+  --color-flag-2: #c8331f;
+  --color-flag-tint: #fbe3de;
+  --color-amber: #f2a516;
+  --color-amber-2: #c88500;
+  --color-amber-tint: #fbefd0;
+  --color-green: #2e8c4a;
+  --color-green-2: #1f6a36;
+  --color-green-tint: #ddefe2;
+  --color-blue: #2563c8;
+  --color-blue-2: #1a4fa8;
+  --color-blue-tint: #dce6f8;
+  --color-violet: #6b46c1;
+  --color-magenta: #c9296f;
+  --color-teal: #188c8a;
+
+  --color-ok: #2e8c4a;
+  --color-warn: #f2a516;
+  --color-danger: #e8412b;
+  --color-info: #2563c8;
+
+  /* Data-viz categorical (8). */
+  --color-viz-1: #e8412b;
+  --color-viz-2: #2563c8;
+  --color-viz-3: #2e8c4a;
+  --color-viz-4: #f2a516;
+  --color-viz-5: #6b46c1;
+  --color-viz-6: #188c8a;
+  --color-viz-7: #c9296f;
+  --color-viz-8: #5a5a53;
+
+  /* ---------- TYPE — families ---------- */
+  /* Mono is the booth's primary face (data-dense, tabular). Display/UI fall
+     back to a clean sans (Goldplay not self-hosted — see header note). */
+  --font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular",
+    "Menlo", "Consolas", monospace;
+  --font-display: "Goldplay", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+  --font-ui: "Goldplay", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+  --font-body: "Inter", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+
+  /* ---------- TYPE — scale (TRM, optimised for data density) ---------- */
+  --text-overline: 11px;
+  --text-micro: 12px;
+  --text-small: 13px;
+  --text-body: 15px;
+  --text-lead: 17px;
+  --text-h6: 14px;
+  --text-h5: 16px;
+  --text-h4: 20px;
+  --text-h3: 26px;
+  --text-h2: 34px;
+  --text-h1: 48px;
+  --text-display: 72px;
+  --text-jumbo: 120px;
+
+  /* ---------- SPACING (TRM 4px base) ---------- */
+  --spacing-s0: 0;
+  --spacing-s1: 2px;
+  --spacing-s2: 4px;
+  --spacing-s3: 8px;
+  --spacing-s4: 12px;
+  --spacing-s5: 16px;
+  --spacing-s6: 20px;
+  --spacing-s7: 24px;
+  --spacing-s8: 32px;
+  --spacing-s9: 40px;
+  --spacing-s10: 48px;
+  --spacing-s11: 64px;
+  --spacing-s12: 80px;
+  --spacing-s13: 96px;
+
+  /* ---------- RADIUS — TRM is square-edged ---------- */
+  --radius-term: 2px;   /* existing alias, kept */
+  --radius-r0: 0;
+  --radius-r1: 2px;
+  --radius-r2: 4px;
+  --radius-r3: 6px;
+  --radius-r4: 10px;
+
+  /* ---------- ELEVATION — TRM sharp "printed" offset shadows ---------- */
+  --shadow-term-1: 0 1px 0 0 #0e0e0c;
+  --shadow-term-2: 2px 2px 0 0 #0e0e0c;
+  --shadow-term-3: 4px 4px 0 0 #0e0e0c;
+  --shadow-soft: 0 1px 2px rgba(14, 14, 12, 0.06), 0 4px 12px rgba(14, 14, 12, 0.04);
+  --shadow-pop: 0 8px 24px rgba(14, 14, 12, 0.12);
+
+  /* ---------- MOTION (TRM) ---------- */
+  --ease-snap: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
+  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
+
+  /* ---------- COMPONENT TOKENS (TRM control heights, table rows) ---------- */
+  --control-h-sm: 28px;
+  --control-h-md: 36px;
+  --control-h-lg: 44px;
+  --table-row-h: 36px;
+  --table-row-h-dense: 28px;
+}
+
+html,
+body,
+#root {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+body {
+  margin: 0;
+  background: var(--color-term-bg);
+  color: var(--color-term-text);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  /* Crisp text and no rubber-banding on the fixed appliance display. */
+  overscroll-behavior: none;
+}
+
+/* Tabular numerics everywhere — counts, money, clocks must not jitter. */
+.num,
+.tabular {
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+}
+
+/* Terminal scrollbars — thin, dark, unobtrusive. */
+* {
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+  scrollbar-color: var(--color-term-border) transparent;
+}
+
+/* A visible keyboard-focus ring in the amber accent (keyboard-first UI). */
+:focus-visible {
+  outline: 1px solid var(--color-term-amber);
+  outline-offset: 1px;
+}

apps/web/src/lib/format.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Small formatting helpers for the booth. Money is integer MINOR units (never a
+// float — matches the tariff/ledger model); duration is whole minutes.
+
+/** Format integer minor units + ISO-4217 currency as a major-unit string. */
+export function formatMoney(amountMinor: number, currency: string): string {
+  const major = amountMinor / 100;
+  try {
+    return new Intl.NumberFormat(undefined, { style: "currency", currency }).format(major);
+  } catch {
+    // Unknown/garbled currency code — fall back to a plain number + the code.
+    return `${major.toFixed(2)} ${currency}`;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Human duration between two ISO times, e.g. "2h 14m" / "47m" / "0m". */
+export function formatDuration(fromIso: string, toIso: string): string {
+  const ms = Date.parse(toIso) - Date.parse(fromIso);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms < 0) return "—";
+  const mins = Math.floor(ms / 60_000);
+  const h = Math.floor(mins / 60);
+  const m = mins % 60;
+  return h > 0 ? `${h}h ${m}m` : `${m}m`;
+}
+
+/** Local time-of-day HH:MM:SS from an ISO string. */
+export function formatTime(iso: string | null): string {
+  if (!iso) return "—";
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  return Number.isNaN(d.getTime()) ? "—" : d.toTimeString().slice(0, 8);
+}

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+// English (en). Mirrors the key structure of sq.ts (the default/fallback). Any key
+// missing here falls back to Albanian. See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+import type { Catalog } from "./sq.js";
+
+export const en: Catalog = {
+  common: {
+    loading: "Loading…",
+    logout: "Log out",
+    cancel: "Cancel",
+    close: "Close",
+    save: "Save",
+    none: "—",
+  },
+  auth: {
+    title: "Parking System",
+    username: "Username",
+    password: "Password",
+    signIn: "Sign in",
+    signingIn: "Signing in…",
+  },
+  nav: {
+    booth: "Booth",
+    shift: "Shift",
+    setup: "Setup",
+    tariff: "Tariff",
+    subscriptions: "Subscriptions",
+    site: "Site",
+    users: "Users",
+    roles: "Roles",
+  },
+  status: {
+    live: "LIVE",
+    connecting: "CONNECTING",
+    offline: "OFFLINE",
+  },
+  devices: {
+    footerTitle: "Devices",
+    none: "No devices configured.",
+    catAccess: "Barrier",
+    catReader: "Reader",
+    catCamera: "Camera",
+    catPrinter: "Printer",
+    // Role/direction suffixes for the chip label (e.g. "Reader entry").
+    role: {
+      entry: "entry",
+      exit: "exit",
+      both: "entry/exit",
+      mixed: "entry/exit",
+      lane: "at lane",
+      booth: "at booth",
+    },
+    state: {
+      ready: "ready",
+      degraded: "degraded",
+      offline: "offline",
+    },
+    allOk: "all ready",
+    issuesCount: "{{count}} with issues",
+    issuesTitle: "Device issues",
+    clickForIssues: "Click for details",
+    checkedAt: "checked {{time}}",
+  },
+  booth: {
+    processTicket: "Process ticket",
+    scanPlaceholder: "Scan or type ticket number…",
+    open: "Open",
+    occupancy: "Occupancy",
+    occUnavailable: "occupancy unavailable",
+    inside: "inside",
+    of: "of",
+    uncapped: "uncapped",
+    free: "free",
+    lotFull: "● lot full",
+    liveFeed: "Live feed",
+    events: "events",
+    noEventsYet: "No events yet — entries and exits will stream here.",
+    activeSessions: "Active sessions",
+    insideCount: "inside",
+    noActiveSessions: "No active sessions.",
+    inAt: "in",
+    openPayExit: "Open pay / exit",
+    openBarrier: "Open barrier",
+    openBarrierTitle: "Human-intervention barrier open (audited)",
+    barrierOpened: "barrier opened",
+    openManually: "open manually",
+    badgeExiting: "exiting",
+    badgePaid: "paid",
+    badgeUnpaid: "unpaid",
+    badgeSubscription: "subscription",
+    evtEntry: "ENTRY",
+    evtExit: "EXIT",
+    evtPay: "PAY",
+    evtVoid: "VOID",
+    evtOpenCmd: "OPEN→",
+    evtOpenObserved: "OPEN✓",
+    evtShiftOpen: "SHIFT+",
+    evtShiftZ: "SHIFT Z",
+    evtCashMovement: "CASH",
+    evtAnomaly: "ANOMALY",
+  },
+  tariff: {
+    title: "Tariff",
+    noRateCard: "No rate card published yet — the pay station can't charge until you publish one.",
+    activeSince: "Active since {{date}} · {{count}} version(s) in history. Publishing creates a new version; past sessions keep their original pricing.",
+    currency: "Currency",
+    freeEntryGrace: "Free entry grace (min)",
+    billingIncrement: "Billing increment (min)",
+    dailyCap: "Daily cap (blank = none)",
+    dailyCapPh: "e.g. 12.00",
+    lostTicketFee: "Lost-ticket fee",
+    exitGrace: "Exit walk-back grace (min)",
+    rateBlocks: "Rate blocks",
+    rateBlocksHint: "Each band lasts a number of hours and bills at its own price; bands are consumed in order (the first hours, then the next hours). The last band is \"thereafter\" (open-ended) — its price applies once the ladder is exhausted. Price is per billing increment.",
+    bandDuration: "Band duration",
+    hoursUnit: "hours",
+    egHours: "e.g. 2",
+    pricePerIncrement: "Price / increment",
+    thereafter: "thereafter (open-ended)",
+    remove: "Remove",
+    addBlock: "+ Add block",
+    publishNewVersion: "Publish new version",
+    publishing: "Publishing…",
+    publishedOk: "New tariff version published — it's now the active rate card.",
+    defaultCard: "Default card (always active)",
+    defaultCardHint: "The base rate applied when no time/seasonal tier matches. This alone is enough for most car parks.",
+    modeLadder: "Hourly ladder",
+    modeFlat: "Flat price",
+    tiersAdvanced: "Advanced: time & seasonal tiers",
+    tiersHint: "Optional. Add cards that apply only at certain hours/days/dates or for a category (e.g. happy hour, night rate, weekend, bus). With no tiers, the simple card is published.",
+    tierName: "Name",
+    tierPriority: "Priority",
+    tierCategory: "Category",
+    tierCategoryPh: "e.g. bus",
+    tierDays: "Days",
+    tierHours: "Hours",
+    tierDates: "Dates",
+    tierOvernight: "(crosses midnight)",
+    addTier: "+ Add tier",
+    dow1: "Mon",
+    dow2: "Tue",
+    dow3: "Wed",
+    dow4: "Thu",
+    dow5: "Fri",
+    dow6: "Sat",
+    dow0: "Sun",
+  },
+  subs: {
+    title: "Subscriptions",
+    unnamed: "(unnamed)",
+    unbound: "unbound",
+    car_one: "{{count}} car",
+    car_other: "{{count}} cars",
+    cred: "cred",
+    plates: "{{count}} plate(s)",
+    noPrice: "no price",
+    perMonth: "month",
+    monthlyPrice: "Monthly price",
+    pricePlaceholder: "e.g. 10000",
+    edit: "Edit",
+    revoke: "Revoke",
+    delete: "Delete",
+    noneYet: "No subscriptions yet.",
+    add: "+ Add subscription",
+    new: "New subscription",
+    editTitle: "Edit subscription",
+    holderName: "Holder name",
+    contact: "Contact",
+    carLimit: "Car limit",
+    limitCarsInAtOnce: "limit cars in at once",
+    validFrom: "Valid from",
+    validTo: "Valid to",
+    months: "Months",
+    monthsHint: "months paid",
+    coverageHint: "until {{end}}",
+    totalDue: "total {{total}}",
+    validToOverride: "Valid to (manual)",
+    isoDateOptional: "ISO date (optional)",
+    boundPlates: "Bound plates",
+    commaSeparatedOptional: "comma-separated (optional)",
+    credentials: "Credentials",
+    credentialsCardQr: "Credentials (card / QR)",
+    rfCardTag: "RF card/tag",
+    rfCardTagSoon: "RF card/tag (soon)",
+    rfPlaceholder: "card number (or read the card)",
+    readCard: "Read card",
+    captureChooseReader: "Choose a reader, then present the card:",
+    captureNoReaders: "No readers configured.",
+    captureWaiting: "Present the card to the reader…",
+    captureTimeout: "Timed out with no card read. Try again.",
+    captured: "Card read: {{value}}",
+    qr: "QR",
+    qrAutoGen: "QR code is auto-generated on save",
+    credentialValue: "credential value",
+    addCredential: "+ credential",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "A subscription needs at least one credential OR one bound plate.",
+    save: "Save",
+    cancel: "Cancel",
+    saved: "Subscription saved.",
+    savedPrinted: "Subscription saved — QR code printed.",
+    savedPrintFailed: "Subscription saved, but printing failed ({{error}}). Use \"Print code\".",
+    printCode: "Print code",
+    printedOn: "Code printed on {{printer}}.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Revoke subscription for {{name}}? It will be refused at the barrier.",
+    confirmDelete: "Delete subscription for {{name}}? (Past events are kept.)",
+    statusActive: "active",
+    statusSuspended: "suspended",
+    statusRevoked: "revoked",
+  },
+  site: {
+    occupancy: "Occupancy:",
+    noCapacitySet: "(no capacity set)",
+    free: "free",
+    full: "FULL",
+    capacityLabel: "Capacity (blank = no limit):",
+    capacityPlaceholder: "e.g. 120",
+    printExitDefault: "Print exit ticket by default",
+    printExitHint: "(booth far from exit → customer self-exits with a voucher)",
+    parkDetails: "Park details (optional — shown on tickets/receipts)",
+    save: "Save",
+    saved: "Saved.",
+    fieldParkName: "Park name",
+    fieldParkNamePh: "e.g. Acme Parking",
+    fieldOperator: "Operator (legal name)",
+    fieldOperatorPh: "operating company",
+    fieldNius: "NIUS",
+    fieldNiusPh: "e.g. L01234567A",
+    fieldAddress: "Address",
+    fieldPhone: "Phone",
+    fieldEmail: "Email",
+  },
+  users: {
+    title: "Users",
+    add: "+ Add user",
+    new: "New user",
+    none: "No users.",
+    username: "Username",
+    password: "Password",
+    passwordHint: "At least 8 characters.",
+    newPassword: "new password",
+    role: "Role",
+    resetPassword: "Reset password",
+    delete: "Delete",
+    confirmDelete: "Delete user \"{{name}}\"?",
+  },
+  roles: {
+    title: "Roles",
+    add: "+ Add role",
+    new: "New role",
+    editTitle: "Edit role",
+    name: "Name",
+    permissions: "Permissions",
+    builtin: "built-in",
+    edit: "Edit",
+    delete: "Delete",
+    confirmDelete: "Delete role \"{{name}}\"?",
+    permCount_one: "{{count}} permission",
+    permCount_other: "{{count}} permissions",
+    userCount_one: "{{count}} user",
+    userCount_other: "{{count}} users",
+  },
+  shift: {
+    label: "Shift:",
+    open: "open",
+    notStarted: "not started",
+    since: "since",
+    startShift: "Start shift",
+    starting: "Starting…",
+    endShift: "End shift",
+    ending: "Ending…",
+    drawer: "Drawer:",
+    openingFloatInherited: "(opening float inherited from the prior shift)",
+    drawerCashAdmin: "Drawer cash (admin) — load or remove the float",
+    amount: "amount",
+    reasonPlaceholder: "reason (e.g. opening float)",
+    load: "Load +",
+    remove: "Remove −",
+    enterPositive: "Enter a positive amount.",
+    drawerNow: "Drawer now {{amount}}.",
+    zReport: "Z-REPORT",
+    payments: "Payments:",
+    cash: "Cash:",
+    card: "Card:",
+    drawerSection: "— Drawer —",
+    openingFloat: "Opening float:",
+    cashTaken: "Cash taken:",
+    cashAdded: "Cash added:",
+    cashRemoved: "Cash removed:",
+    expectedDrawer: "Expected drawer:",
+    printedToReceipt: "Printed to booth receipt.",
+    recordedNoPrinter: "Recorded (no printer to print to).",
+    // Header shift control + the booth shift gate.
+    headerNoShift: "No shift",
+    headerOpen: "Open shift",
+    headerClose: "Close shift",
+    headerHeldBy: "Shift open — {{operator}}",
+    headerHeldByShort: "Shift: {{operator}}",
+    gateTitle: "Open a shift to process tickets",
+    gateBody:
+      "No shift is open. Open your shift so payments and exits are recorded against it.",
+    gateOtherTitle: "The open shift belongs to another operator",
+    gateOtherBody:
+      "{{operator}} has an open shift. Only one shift may be open at a time — they must close theirs before you can open yours.",
+    openNow: "Open shift now",
+    opening: "Opening…",
+  },
+  pay: {
+    ticket: "Ticket",
+    entry: "Entry",
+    now: "Now",
+    duration: "Duration",
+    statusLabel: "Status",
+    paid: "PAID",
+    unpaid: "UNPAID",
+    total: "Total",
+    noTariff: "no tariff",
+    tender: "Tender",
+    cash: "Cash",
+    card: "Card",
+    printExitVoucher: "Print exit ticket",
+    selfExitHint: "(customer self-exits at the exit)",
+    payAndOpen: "Pay + open barrier",
+    payAndVoucher: "Pay + print voucher",
+    openBarrier: "Open barrier",
+    printVoucher: "Print voucher",
+    takingPayment: "taking payment…",
+    printingVoucher: "printing voucher…",
+    opening: "opening…",
+    noSessionFound: "No session found for this ticket.",
+    alreadyClosed: "This session is already closed (exited {{time}}).",
+    lookingUp: "looking up…",
+    paidBarrierOpened: "Paid — barrier opened. Car may exit.",
+    paidExitRecorded: "Paid and exit recorded, but the barrier did not open: {{reason}}.",
+    subscription: "SUBSCRIPTION",
+    plan: "Plan",
+    prepaid: "PREPAID",
+    subAssistHint: "Prepaid subscription. Open the barrier to assist the exit (faulty reader / missing card). No payment.",
+    subBarrierOpened: "Barrier opened for the subscriber (intervention recorded).",
+    voucherPrinted: "Exit voucher printed on {{printer}}. Customer self-exits at the exit.",
+    // payment receipt (transparency slip)
+    receiptPrintFailed: "(receipt didn't print — use \"Reprint receipt\".)",
+    receiptReprinted: "Receipt reprinted on {{printer}}.",
+    reprintReceipt: "Reprint receipt",
+    reprinting: "printing…",
+    noSnapshots: "no snapshots",
+    loadingSnapshots: "loading snapshots…",
+  },
+};

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import i18n from "i18next";
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+import { sq } from "./sq.js";
+import { en } from "./en.js";
+
+// i18next setup for the operator UI. Albanian (sq) is the DEFAULT and the fallback;
+// English (en) is the second language. The active language is the LOGGED-IN USER's
+// stored preference (users.language), applied via setLanguage() after auth resolves
+// — not localStorage, not the browser. Printed tickets are NOT governed by this
+// (always Albanian, customer-facing). See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+export type Lang = "sq" | "en";
+
+// Single flat namespace; keys are dot-paths (e.g. "booth.processTicket"). Nested
+// objects in the catalogs are walked by i18next's keySeparator.
+void i18n.use(initReactI18next).init({
+  resources: {
+    sq: { translation: sq },
+    en: { translation: en },
+  },
+  lng: "sq",
+  fallbackLng: "sq",
+  interpolation: { escapeValue: false }, // React already escapes
+  returnNull: false,
+});
+
+/** Apply a language (e.g. after login resolves the user's preference). No-op if
+ *  already active. */
+export function setLanguage(lang: Lang): void {
+  if (i18n.language !== lang) void i18n.changeLanguage(lang);
+}
+
+export default i18n;

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/sq.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Albanian (sq) — the DEFAULT and fallback language. Customer/operator-facing copy.
+// Keys are dot-namespaced by area (common, nav, booth, …). When adding a string,
+// add it here first (the fallback), then mirror the key in en.ts.
+// See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+export const sq = {
+  common: {
+    loading: "Duke u ngarkuar…",
+    logout: "Dil",
+    cancel: "Anulo",
+    close: "Mbyll",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    none: "—",
+  },
+  auth: {
+    title: "Sistemi i Parkimit",
+    username: "Përdoruesi",
+    password: "Fjalëkalimi",
+    signIn: "Hyr",
+    signingIn: "Duke hyrë…",
+  },
+  nav: {
+    booth: "Kabina",
+    shift: "Turni",
+    setup: "Konfigurimi",
+    tariff: "Tarifa",
+    subscriptions: "Abonimet",
+    site: "Vendi",
+    users: "Përdoruesit",
+    roles: "Rolet",
+  },
+  status: {
+    live: "LIVE",
+    connecting: "DUKE U LIDHUR",
+    offline: "JASHTË LINJE",
+  },
+  devices: {
+    footerTitle: "Pajisjet",
+    none: "Asnjë pajisje e konfiguruar.",
+    catAccess: "Barriera",
+    catReader: "Lexuesi",
+    catCamera: "Kamera",
+    catPrinter: "Printer",
+    // Role/direction suffixes for the chip label (e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje").
+    role: {
+      entry: "hyrje",
+      exit: "dalje",
+      both: "hyrje/dalje",
+      mixed: "hyrje/dalje",
+      lane: "në korsi",
+      booth: "në kabinë",
+    },
+    state: {
+      ready: "gati",
+      degraded: "i dëmtuar",
+      offline: "jashtë linje",
+    },
+    allOk: "të gjitha gati",
+    issuesCount: "{{count}} me probleme",
+    issuesTitle: "Problemet e pajisjeve",
+    clickForIssues: "Kliko për detajet",
+    checkedAt: "kontrolluar {{time}}",
+  },
+  booth: {
+    processTicket: "Proceso biletën",
+    scanPlaceholder: "Skano ose shkruaj numrin e biletës…",
+    open: "Hap",
+    occupancy: "Prania",
+    occUnavailable: "zënia e padisponueshme",
+    inside: "brenda",
+    of: "nga",
+    uncapped: "pa kufi",
+    free: "Vende të lira",
+    lotFull: "● parkimi plot",
+    liveFeed: "Aktiviteti live",
+    events: "Evente",
+    noEventsYet: "Asnjë event ende — hyrjet dhe daljet do të shfaqen këtu.",
+    activeSessions: "Sesionet aktive",
+    insideCount: "brenda",
+    noActiveSessions: "Asnjë sesion aktiv.",
+    inAt: "në",
+    openPayExit: "Hap pagesën / daljen",
+    openBarrier: "Hap barrierën",
+    openBarrierTitle: "Hap barrierën manualisht",
+    barrierOpened: "barriera u hap",
+    openManually: "hape me dorë",
+    // session row badges
+    badgeExiting: "duke dalë",
+    badgePaid: "paguar",
+    badgeUnpaid: "papaguar",
+    badgeSubscription: "abonim",
+    // event types (live feed labels)
+    evtEntry: "HYRJE",
+    evtExit: "DALJE",
+    evtPay: "PAGESË",
+    evtVoid: "ANULIM",
+    evtOpenCmd: "HAP→",
+    evtOpenObserved: "HAP✓",
+    evtShiftOpen: "TURN+",
+    evtShiftZ: "TURN Z",
+    evtCashMovement: "ARKË",
+    evtAnomaly: "ANOMALI",
+  },
+  tariff: {
+    title: "Tarifa",
+    noRateCard: "Asnjë kartë tarifore e publikuar — arka nuk mund të faturojë derisa të publikoni një.",
+    activeSince: "Aktive që nga {{date}} · {{count}} version(e) në histori. Publikimi krijon një version të ri; sesionet e kaluara ruajnë çmimin origjinal.",
+    currency: "Monedha",
+    freeEntryGrace: "Periudha pa pagesë në hyrje (min)",
+    billingIncrement: "Intervali i faturimit (min)",
+    dailyCap: "Kufiri ditor (bosh = pa kufi)",
+    dailyCapPh: "p.sh. 12.00",
+    lostTicketFee: "Tarifa për biletë të humbur",
+    exitGrace: "Periudha e kthimit në dalje (min)",
+    rateBlocks: "Blloqet tarifore",
+    rateBlocksHint: "Çdo brez zgjat një numër orësh dhe faturohet me çmimin e tij; brezat konsumohen me radhë (orët e para, pastaj orët në vijim). Brezi i fundit është \"më pas\" (i hapur) — çmimi i tij zbatohet pas mbarimit të shkallës. Çmimi është për interval faturimi.",
+    bandDuration: "Kohëzgjatja e brezit",
+    hoursUnit: "orë",
+    egHours: "p.sh. 2",
+    pricePerIncrement: "Çmimi / interval",
+    thereafter: "më pas (i hapur)",
+    remove: "Hiq",
+    addBlock: "+ Shto bllok",
+    publishNewVersion: "Publiko version të ri",
+    publishing: "Duke publikuar…",
+    publishedOk: "U publikua versioni i ri i tarifës — tani është karta tarifore aktive.",
+    defaultCard: "Karta e parazgjedhur (gjithmonë aktive)",
+    defaultCardHint: "Çmimi bazë i zbatuar kur asnjë nivel kohor/sezonal nuk vlen. Kjo e vetme është mjaftueshëm për shumicën e parkimeve.",
+    modeLadder: "Shkallë orësh",
+    modeFlat: "Çmim fiks",
+    tiersAdvanced: "Të avancuara: nivele kohore & sezonale",
+    tiersHint: "Opsionale. Shto karta që vlejnë vetëm në orë/ditë/data ose kategori të caktuara (p.sh. orë e lirë, tarifë nate, fundjavë, autobus). Pa nivele, publikohet karta e thjeshtë.",
+    tierName: "Emri",
+    tierPriority: "Përparësia",
+    tierCategory: "Kategoria",
+    tierCategoryPh: "p.sh. autobus",
+    tierDays: "Ditët",
+    tierHours: "Orët",
+    tierDates: "Datat",
+    tierOvernight: "(kalon mesnatën)",
+    addTier: "+ Shto nivel",
+    dow1: "Hën",
+    dow2: "Mar",
+    dow3: "Mër",
+    dow4: "Enj",
+    dow5: "Pre",
+    dow6: "Sht",
+    dow0: "Die",
+  },
+  subs: {
+    title: "Abonimet",
+    unnamed: "(pa emër)",
+    unbound: "pa kufizim",
+    car_one: "{{count}} makinë",
+    car_other: "{{count}} makina",
+    cred: "kredencial",
+    plates: "{{count}} targë(a)",
+    noPrice: "pa çmim",
+    perMonth: "muaj",
+    monthlyPrice: "Çmimi mujor",
+    pricePlaceholder: "p.sh. 10000",
+    edit: "Ndrysho",
+    revoke: "Anulo",
+    delete: "Fshij",
+    noneYet: "Asnjë abonim ende.",
+    add: "+ Shto abonim",
+    new: "Abonim i ri",
+    editTitle: "Ndrysho abonimin",
+    holderName: "Emri i mbajtësit",
+    contact: "Kontakti",
+    carLimit: "Kufiri i makinave",
+    limitCarsInAtOnce: "kufizo makinat brenda njëkohësisht",
+    validFrom: "Vlen nga",
+    validTo: "Vlen deri",
+    months: "Muaj",
+    monthsHint: "muaj të paguar",
+    coverageHint: "deri më {{end}}",
+    totalDue: "gjithsej {{total}}",
+    validToOverride: "Vlen deri (manual)",
+    isoDateOptional: "Datë ISO (opsionale)",
+    boundPlates: "Targat e lidhura",
+    commaSeparatedOptional: "të ndara me presje (opsionale)",
+    credentials: "Kredencialet",
+    credentialsCardQr: "Kredencialet (kartë / QR)",
+    rfCardTag: "Kartë/etiketë RF",
+    rfCardTagSoon: "Kartë/etiketë RF (së shpejti)",
+    rfPlaceholder: "numri i kartës (ose lexo kartën)",
+    readCard: "Lexo kartën",
+    captureChooseReader: "Zgjidh lexuesin, pastaj afro kartën:",
+    captureNoReaders: "Asnjë lexues i konfiguruar.",
+    captureWaiting: "Afro kartën te lexuesi…",
+    captureTimeout: "Skadoi pa lexuar kartë. Provo sërish.",
+    captured: "Karta u lexua: {{value}}",
+    qr: "QR",
+    qrAutoGen: "kodi QR gjenerohet automatikisht në ruajtje",
+    credentialValue: "vlera e kredencialit",
+    addCredential: "+ kredencial",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "Një abonim kërkon të paktën një kredencial OSE një targë të lidhur.",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    cancel: "Anulo",
+    saved: "Abonimi u ruajt.",
+    savedPrinted: "Abonimi u ruajt — kodi QR u printua.",
+    savedPrintFailed: "Abonimi u ruajt, por printimi dështoi ({{error}}). Përdor \"Printo kodin\".",
+    printCode: "Printo kodin",
+    printedOn: "Kodi u printua te {{printer}}.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Të anulohet abonimi për {{name}}? Do të refuzohet te barriera.",
+    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet abonimi për {{name}}? (t e kaluara ruhen.)",
+    statusActive: "aktiv",
+    statusSuspended: "pezulluar",
+    statusRevoked: "anuluar",
+  },
+  site: {
+    occupancy: "Prania:",
+    noCapacitySet: "(pa kapacitet të caktuar)",
+    free: "lirë",
+    full: "PLOT",
+    capacityLabel: "Kapaciteti (bosh = pa kufi):",
+    capacityPlaceholder: "p.sh. 120",
+    printExitDefault: "Printo biletën e daljes si parazgjedhje",
+    printExitHint: "(kabina larg daljes → klienti del vetë me biletë)",
+    parkDetails: "Të dhënat e parkimit (opsionale — shfaqen në bileta/fatura)",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    saved: "U ruajt.",
+    fieldParkName: "Emri i parkimit",
+    fieldParkNamePh: "p.sh. Acme Parking",
+    fieldOperator: "Operatori (emri ligjor)",
+    fieldOperatorPh: "kompania operuese",
+    fieldNius: "NIUS",
+    fieldNiusPh: "p.sh. L01234567A",
+    fieldAddress: "Adresa",
+    fieldPhone: "Telefoni",
+    fieldEmail: "Email",
+  },
+  users: {
+    title: "Përdoruesit",
+    add: "+ Shto përdorues",
+    new: "Përdorues i ri",
+    none: "Asnjë përdorues.",
+    username: "Përdoruesi",
+    password: "Fjalëkalimi",
+    passwordHint: "Të paktën 8 karaktere.",
+    newPassword: "fjalëkalim i ri",
+    role: "Roli",
+    resetPassword: "Rivendos fjalëkalimin",
+    delete: "Fshi",
+    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet përdoruesi \"{{name}}\"?",
+  },
+  roles: {
+    title: "Rolet",
+    add: "+ Shto rol",
+    new: "Rol i ri",
+    editTitle: "Ndrysho rolin",
+    name: "Emri",
+    permissions: "Lejet",
+    builtin: "i integruar",
+    edit: "Ndrysho",
+    delete: "Fshi",
+    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet roli \"{{name}}\"?",
+    permCount_one: "{{count}} leje",
+    permCount_other: "{{count}} leje",
+    userCount_one: "{{count}} përdorues",
+    userCount_other: "{{count}} përdorues",
+  },
+  shift: {
+    label: "Turni:",
+    open: "hapur",
+    notStarted: "i panisur",
+    since: "që nga",
+    startShift: "Fillo turnin",
+    starting: "Duke filluar…",
+    endShift: "Mbyll turnin",
+    ending: "Duke mbyllur…",
+    drawer: "Arka:",
+    openingFloatInherited: "(bilanci fillestar i trashëguar nga turni i mëparshëm)",
+    drawerCashAdmin: "Para në arkë (admin) — shto ose hiq bilancin",
+    amount: "shuma",
+    reasonPlaceholder: "arsyeja (p.sh. bilanci fillestar)",
+    load: "Shto +",
+    remove: "Hiq −",
+    enterPositive: "Shkruaj një shumë pozitive.",
+    drawerNow: "Arka tani {{amount}}.",
+    zReport: "RAPORT Z",
+    payments: "Pagesa:",
+    cash: "Para:",
+    card: "Kartë:",
+    drawerSection: "— Arka —",
+    openingFloat: "Bilanci fillestar:",
+    cashTaken: "Para të marra:",
+    cashAdded: "Para të shtuara:",
+    cashRemoved: "Para të hequra:",
+    expectedDrawer: "Arka e pritshme:",
+    printedToReceipt: "Printuar te printeri i kabinës.",
+    recordedNoPrinter: "Regjistruar (pa printer për të printuar).",
+    // Header shift control + the booth shift gate.
+    headerNoShift: "Asnjë turn",
+    headerOpen: "Hap turnin",
+    headerClose: "Mbyll turnin",
+    headerHeldBy: "Turn i hapur nga {{operator}}",
+    headerHeldByShort: "Turni: {{operator}}",
+    gateTitle: "Hap një turn për të proceduar biletat",
+    gateBody:
+      "Asnjë turn nuk është i hapur. Hap turnin tënd që pagesat dhe daljet të regjistrohen te ky turn.",
+    gateOtherTitle: "Turni i hapur i përket një operatori tjetër",
+    gateOtherBody:
+      "{{operator}} ka një turn të hapur. Vetëm një turn mund të jetë i hapur njëkohësisht — ai duhet të mbyllë turnin para se ti të hapësh tëndin.",
+    openNow: "Hap turnin tani",
+    opening: "Duke hapur…",
+  },
+  pay: {
+    ticket: "Bileta",
+    entry: "Hyrja",
+    now: "Tani",
+    duration: "Kohëzgjatja",
+    statusLabel: "Statusi",
+    paid: "PAGUAR",
+    unpaid: "PAPAGUAR",
+    total: "Totali",
+    noTariff: "pa tarifë",
+    tender: "Mënyra",
+    cash: "Para",
+    card: "Kartë",
+    printExitVoucher: "Printo biletë dalje",
+    selfExitHint: "(klienti del vetë te dalja)",
+    payAndOpen: "Paguaj + hap barrierën",
+    payAndVoucher: "Paguaj + printo biletën",
+    openBarrier: "Hap barrierën",
+    printVoucher: "Printo biletën",
+    takingPayment: "Duke marrë pagesën…",
+    printingVoucher: "Duke printuar biletën…",
+    opening: "Duke hapur…",
+    noSessionFound: "Nuk u gjet asnjë sesion për këtë biletë.",
+    alreadyClosed: "Ky sesion është mbyllur tashmë (doli {{time}}).",
+    lookingUp: "Duke kërkuar…",
+    paidBarrierOpened: "Paguar — barriera u hap. Automjeti mund të dalë.",
+    paidExitRecorded: "Paguar dhe dalja u regjistrua, por barriera nuk u hap: {{reason}}.",
+    subscription: "ABONIM",
+    plan: "Plani",
+    prepaid: "I PARAPAGUAR",
+    subAssistHint: "Abonim i parapaguar. Hap barrierën për të ndihmuar daljen (lexues me defekt / kartë e munguar). S'ka pagesë.",
+    subBarrierOpened: "Barriera u hap për abonentin (ndërhyrje e regjistruar).",
+    voucherPrinted: "Bileta e daljes u printua në {{printer}}. Klienti del vetë te dalja.",
+    // payment receipt (transparency slip)
+    receiptPrintFailed: "(fatura nuk u printua — provoni \"Riprinto faturën\".)",
+    receiptReprinted: "Fatura u riprintua në {{printer}}.",
+    reprintReceipt: "Riprinto faturën",
+    reprinting: "duke printuar…",
+    // snapshots
+    noSnapshots: "asnjë foto",
+    loadingSnapshots: "duke ngarkuar fotot…",
+  },
+};
+
+// The catalog SHAPE (keys + nesting), with string-typed values — so en.ts must
+// supply every key but may differ in value. (Not `typeof sq` with `as const`, which
+// would pin en.ts to the Albanian literals.)
+type Stringify<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends object ? Stringify<T[K]> : string };
+export type Catalog = Stringify<typeof sq>;

apps/web/src/lib/live-store.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { create } from "zustand";
+import type { DeviceStatus, LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+
+// CLIENT state for the live booth feed — deliberately small. Server data (the
+// authoritative event list, occupancy totals) is owned by TanStack Query; this
+// store holds only what Query shouldn't: the WS connection status, the latest
+// pushed occupancy snapshot, and a rolling in-memory tail of recent events for the
+// live ticker. Anything durable is re-fetched via Query. See lib/query.ts.
+
+/** Connection state of the booth WebSocket, for a status indicator in the UI. */
+export type WsStatus = "connecting" | "open" | "closed";
+
+/** Cap the in-memory live feed so a long-running booth session can't grow it
+ *  unbounded — the full history is always available via the /api/events query. */
+const MAX_FEED = 200;
+
+interface LiveState {
+  status: WsStatus;
+  /** Most recent occupancy pushed by the server (rides on every ledger event). */
+  occupancy: Occupancy | null;
+  /** Newest-first tail of recently pushed ledger events (for the live ticker). */
+  feed: LedgerEvent[];
+  /** Live device status keyed by device id (for the footer): set from the WS
+   *  hello snapshot, then upserted per device on each device-status push. */
+  devices: Record<string, DeviceStatus>;
+  setStatus: (s: WsStatus) => void;
+  setOccupancy: (o: Occupancy) => void;
+  pushEvent: (e: LedgerEvent) => void;
+  /** Replace the whole device-status set (WS hello / reconnect snapshot). */
+  setDevices: (list: DeviceStatus[]) => void;
+  /** Upsert one device's status (a device-status push). */
+  upsertDevice: (d: DeviceStatus) => void;
+  reset: () => void;
+}
+
+/** Index a device-status list by device id. */
+function byId(list: DeviceStatus[]): Record<string, DeviceStatus> {
+  const m: Record<string, DeviceStatus> = {};
+  for (const d of list) m[d.deviceId] = d;
+  return m;
+}
+
+export const useLiveStore = create<LiveState>((set) => ({
+  status: "connecting",
+  occupancy: null,
+  feed: [],
+  devices: {},
+  setStatus: (status) => set({ status }),
+  setOccupancy: (occupancy) => set({ occupancy }),
+  pushEvent: (e) =>
+    set((s) => ({
+      // Newest first; de-dupe by id (a reconnect can replay) and cap the length.
+      feed: s.feed.some((x) => x.id === e.id) ? s.feed : [e, ...s.feed].slice(0, MAX_FEED),
+    })),
+  setDevices: (list) => set({ devices: byId(list) }),
+  upsertDevice: (d) => set((s) => ({ devices: { ...s.devices, [d.deviceId]: d } })),
+  reset: () => set({ status: "connecting", occupancy: null, feed: [], devices: {} }),
+}));

apps/web/src/lib/query.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { QueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+
+// Single QueryClient for the app. TanStack Query owns SERVER state (fetch, cache,
+// refetch, loading/error) — wrapping the existing thin api.ts fetchers. Client/UI
+// state (live feed, WS status) lives in Zustand, not here. The WS layer invalidates
+// these caches on live events so Query stays the source of truth for server data.
+//
+// Defaults tuned for a single-appliance booth: no window-focus refetch (it's a
+// kiosk, not a tab someone switches to), and a short staleTime since the WS is the
+// real freshness mechanism — queries are the fallback/initial load.
+export const queryClient = new QueryClient({
+  defaultOptions: {
+    queries: {
+      refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+      staleTime: 5_000,
+      retry: 1,
+    },
+  },
+});
+
+/** Stable query keys — referenced by both the screens and the WS invalidator. */
+export const qk = {
+  me: ["me"] as const,
+  occupancy: ["occupancy"] as const,
+  events: ["events"] as const,
+  activeSessions: ["active-sessions"] as const,
+  siteConfig: ["site-config"] as const,
+  shift: ["shift"] as const,
+  deviceStatus: ["device-status"] as const,
+} as const;

apps/web/src/lib/use-live-feed.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import type { DeviceStatus, LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "./query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "./live-store.js";
+
+// Booth WebSocket client. Opens ONE socket to /api/ws and turns server pushes into
+// (a) live-store updates for the ticker/occupancy and (b) Query cache invalidations
+// so TanStack Query remains the source of truth for durable server data. The browser
+// attaches the auth cookie automatically; the backend gates by cookie + Origin
+// (see routes/ws.ts). Auto-reconnects with capped backoff so a booth left running
+// recovers from a server restart without a manual refresh.
+
+/** Server → client message shapes (mirror routes/ws.ts OutMsg). */
+type WsMessage =
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: Occupancy; devices: DeviceStatus[] }
+  | { kind: "ledger"; event: LedgerEvent; occupancy: Occupancy }
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown }
+  | { kind: "device-status"; event: DeviceStatus };
+
+/** Build the ws:// or wss:// URL for the same origin the SPA is served from. */
+function wsUrl(): string {
+  const proto = window.location.protocol === "https:" ? "wss:" : "ws:";
+  return `${proto}//${window.location.host}/api/ws`;
+}
+
+export function useLiveFeed(): void {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const { setStatus, setOccupancy, pushEvent, setDevices, upsertDevice } = useLiveStore();
+  // Hold the socket + reconnect timer across renders; guard against StrictMode
+  // double-invoke and unmount.
+  const sockRef = useRef<WebSocket | null>(null);
+  const retryRef = useRef(0);
+  const closedRef = useRef(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    closedRef.current = false;
+
+    const connect = () => {
+      if (closedRef.current) return;
+      setStatus(retryRef.current === 0 ? "connecting" : "connecting");
+      const sock = new WebSocket(wsUrl());
+      sockRef.current = sock;
+
+      sock.onopen = () => {
+        retryRef.current = 0;
+        setStatus("open");
+      };
+
+      sock.onmessage = (ev) => {
+        let msg: WsMessage;
+        try {
+          msg = JSON.parse(ev.data as string) as WsMessage;
+        } catch {
+          return; // ignore malformed frames
+        }
+        if (msg.kind === "hello") {
+          setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
+          // Initial device-status snapshot for the footer.
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.devices)) setDevices(msg.devices);
+        } else if (msg.kind === "device-status") {
+          upsertDevice(msg.event);
+        } else if (msg.kind === "ledger") {
+          setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
+          pushEvent(msg.event);
+          // Keep Query authoritative: the durable event list, occupancy totals,
+          // and active-sessions list refetch on the next read instead of trusting
+          // the pushed copy alone.
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+          // A shift open/close (or a drawer movement) changes the header control
+          // state and the per-shift log window — refresh the shift status too.
+          if (
+            msg.event.type === "shift_open" ||
+            msg.event.type === "shift_z_report" ||
+            msg.event.type === "cash_movement"
+          ) {
+            void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+          }
+        } else if (msg.kind === "printer-status") {
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["printers"] });
+        }
+      };
+
+      const scheduleReconnect = () => {
+        if (closedRef.current) return;
+        setStatus("closed");
+        // Capped exponential backoff: 0.5s, 1s, 2s, … up to 10s.
+        const delay = Math.min(500 * 2 ** retryRef.current, 10_000);
+        retryRef.current += 1;
+        window.setTimeout(connect, delay);
+      };
+
+      sock.onclose = scheduleReconnect;
+      // onerror fires before onclose; let onclose own the reconnect to avoid double.
+      sock.onerror = () => sock.close();
+    };
+
+    connect();
+
+    return () => {
+      closedRef.current = true;
+      sockRef.current?.close();
+      sockRef.current = null;
+    };
+    // qc / store setters are stable; run once on mount.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, []);
+}

apps/web/src/lib/use-shift.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchShift, type ShiftStatus } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "./query.js";
+
+// Shared shift status for the whole app — the header control, the booth screen's
+// per-shift log scope, and the pay/exit modal's gate all read this one Query so
+// they never disagree about whether a shift is open and whose it is. A shift is a
+// SITE-WIDE single-open accountability period (at most one open at a time). The WS
+// invalidates qk.shift on shift_open/shift_z_report/cash_movement, so this stays
+// live without polling. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+
+export interface ShiftState {
+  /** Raw status from the server (null while loading / on error). */
+  status: ShiftStatus | undefined;
+  /** Is ANY shift open site-wide? */
+  isOpen: boolean;
+  /** Is the open shift the logged-in operator's (so they may close it / operate)? */
+  isMine: boolean;
+  /** A shift is open but belongs to someone else — this operator is blocked. */
+  blockedByOther: boolean;
+  /** ISO start of the open shift, for scoping the per-shift log. */
+  startedAt: string | null;
+  /** Whoever holds the open shift (for "held by X" messaging). */
+  heldBy: string | null;
+  isLoading: boolean;
+}
+
+export function useShift(): ShiftState {
+  const q = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.shift, queryFn: fetchShift });
+  const s = q.data;
+  const isOpen = s?.open != null;
+  const isMine = s?.isMine ?? false;
+  return {
+    status: s,
+    isOpen,
+    isMine,
+    blockedByOther: isOpen && !isMine,
+    startedAt: s?.open?.startedAt ?? null,
+    heldBy: s?.open?.operator ?? null,
+    isLoading: q.isLoading,
+  };
+}

apps/web/src/main.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { StrictMode } from "react";
 import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+import "./index.css";
+import "./lib/i18n/index.js"; // initialize i18next before the app renders
 import { App } from "./App.js";
 
 const rootEl = document.getElementById("root");

apps/web/src/router.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+import {
+  createRootRouteWithContext,
+  createRoute,
+  createRouter,
+  Link,
+  Outlet,
+  redirect,
+} from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import type { Lang, Permission, SessionUser } from "./api.js";
+import { can, closeShift, logout, openShift, setLanguagePref } from "./api.js";
+import { qk, queryClient } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { setLanguage } from "./lib/i18n/index.js";
+import { useLiveFeed } from "./lib/use-live-feed.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { DeviceFooter } from "./ui/DeviceFooter.js";
+import { StatusDot } from "./ui/StatusDot.js";
+import { BoothScreen } from "./BoothScreen.js";
+import { SetupWizard } from "./SetupWizard.js";
+import { TariffComposer } from "./TariffComposer.js";
+import { SubscriptionManager } from "./SubscriptionManager.js";
+import { ShiftControl } from "./ShiftControl.js";
+import { SiteSettings } from "./SiteSettings.js";
+import { UsersManager } from "./UsersManager.js";
+import { RolesManager } from "./RolesManager.js";
+
+// Code-based TanStack Router (no file-based codegen — the app is small enough that
+// an explicit tree is clearer). The router context carries the signed-in user and
+// a setter so route guards can redirect by role. The root renders the terminal
+// chrome (nav + user + live status) and opens the booth WebSocket once, app-wide.
+
+export interface RouterContext {
+  user: SessionUser | null;
+  setUser: (u: SessionUser | null) => void;
+}
+
+const rootRoute = createRootRouteWithContext<RouterContext>()({
+  component: RootLayout,
+});
+
+function NavLink({ to, label }: { to: string; label: string }) {
+  return (
+    <Link
+      to={to}
+      className="px-2 py-1 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted rounded-term hover:text-term-text [&.active]:text-term-amber [&.active]:bg-term-panel-2"
+    >
+      {label}
+    </Link>
+  );
+}
+
+/** SQ/EN toggle. Persists the choice to the user's profile (restored on next login)
+ *  and applies it immediately. Updates the router-context user so App re-syncs. */
+function LanguageToggle({
+  user,
+  setUser,
+}: {
+  user: SessionUser;
+  setUser: (u: SessionUser | null) => void;
+}) {
+  async function pick(lang: Lang) {
+    if (lang === user.language) return;
+    setLanguage(lang); // instant UI
+    setUser({ ...user, language: lang });
+    try {
+      await setLanguagePref(lang); // persist
+    } catch {
+      /* non-fatal — the choice still applies this session */
+    }
+  }
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider">
+      {(["sq", "en"] as const).map((l) => (
+        <button
+          key={l}
+          type="button"
+          onClick={() => pick(l)}
+          className={`rounded-term px-1.5 py-0.5 ${
+            user.language === l ? "bg-term-panel-2 text-term-amber" : "text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+          }`}
+        >
+          {l}
+        </button>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Header shift control — the site-wide single-open shift expressed as one button:
+ *  - no shift open       → "Open shift" (enabled; opens this operator's shift)
+ *  - my shift open       → "Close shift" (enabled; signs + prints the Z-report)
+ *  - another's shift open → disabled, labelled with who holds it (you can neither
+ *    open yours nor close theirs until they hand over).
+ * On open/close it invalidates the shift status, the per-shift log, and occupancy.
+ */
+function ShiftButton() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const { isOpen, isMine, blockedByOther, heldBy } = useShift();
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function act(kind: "open" | "close") {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setErr(null);
+    try {
+      if (kind === "open") await openShift();
+      else await closeShift();
+      // The shift boundary moves: refresh status, the per-shift log window, drawer.
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setErr((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Disabled when another operator holds the shift (can't open or close).
+  const label = blockedByOther
+    ? t("shift.headerHeldByShort", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" })
+    : isMine
+      ? t("shift.headerClose")
+      : t("shift.headerOpen");
+  const tone = blockedByOther
+    ? "border-term-border text-term-muted opacity-60 cursor-not-allowed"
+    : isMine
+      ? "border-term-red text-term-red hover:bg-term-red/10"
+      : "border-term-green text-term-green hover:bg-term-green/10";
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        disabled={busy || blockedByOther}
+        title={blockedByOther ? t("shift.headerHeldBy", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" }) : undefined}
+        onClick={() => act(isMine ? "close" : "open")}
+        className={`rounded-term border px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider ${tone}`}
+      >
+        {busy ? t("shift.opening") : label}
+      </button>
+      {!isOpen && (
+        <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">{t("shift.headerNoShift")}</span>
+      )}
+      {err && <span className="text-[10px] text-term-red">{err}</span>}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function RootLayout() {
+  const { user, setUser } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  // One app-wide WebSocket for the live feed (booth + any live widget).
+  useLiveFeed();
+  // Nav is gated by PERMISSION, not role — a tab shows iff the user's role grants
+  // the permission its screen needs (the route guards enforce the same server-side).
+  const show = (perm: Permission) => can(user, perm);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-screen flex-col bg-term-bg text-term-text">
+      <header className="flex items-center gap-4 border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel px-4 py-2">
+        <span className="text-sm font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-amber">▮ Parking</span>
+        <nav className="flex items-center gap-1">
+          <NavLink to="/booth" label={t("nav.booth")} />
+          <NavLink to="/shift" label={t("nav.shift")} />
+          {show("site:update") && <NavLink to="/setup" label={t("nav.setup")} />}
+          {show("tariff:read") && <NavLink to="/tariff" label={t("nav.tariff")} />}
+          {show("subscription:read") && <NavLink to="/subscriptions" label={t("nav.subscriptions")} />}
+          {show("site:read") && <NavLink to="/site" label={t("nav.site")} />}
+          {show("user:read") && <NavLink to="/users" label={t("nav.users")} />}
+          {show("role:read") && <NavLink to="/roles" label={t("nav.roles")} />}
+        </nav>
+        <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-3">
+          {user && <ShiftButton />}
+          {user && <LanguageToggle user={user} setUser={setUser} />}
+          <StatusDot />
+          <span className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+            {user?.username} · {user?.roleName}
+          </span>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+            onClick={async () => {
+              await logout();
+              setUser(null);
+            }}
+          >
+            {t("common.logout")}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+      <main className="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto p-3">
+        <Outlet />
+      </main>
+      {/* Fixed device-status footer — relays, readers, cameras, printers. */}
+      {user && <DeviceFooter />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+const indexRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/",
+  beforeLoad: () => {
+    throw redirect({ to: "/booth" });
+  },
+});
+
+const boothRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/booth",
+  component: BoothScreen,
+});
+
+const shiftRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/shift",
+  component: function ShiftRoute() {
+    const { user } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+    // "Admin" actions on the shift screen (drawer cash) need shift:cash.
+    return <ShiftControl isAdmin={can(user, "shift:cash")} />;
+  },
+});
+
+/** Guard factory: a route requiring `perm` redirects a user who lacks it back to
+ *  the booth. Same permission the server enforces — defence in depth, not the only
+ *  gate. */
+function requirePerm(perm: Permission) {
+  return (ctx: RouterContext) => {
+    if (!can(ctx.user, perm)) throw redirect({ to: "/booth" });
+  };
+}
+
+const setupRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/setup",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("site:update")(context),
+  component: () => <SetupWizard />,
+});
+const tariffRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/tariff",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("tariff:read")(context),
+  component: () => <TariffComposer />,
+});
+const subscriptionsRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/subscriptions",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("subscription:read")(context),
+  component: () => <SubscriptionManager />,
+});
+const siteRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/site",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("site:read")(context),
+  component: function SiteRoute() {
+    const { user } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+    return <SiteSettings canEdit={can(user, "site:update")} />;
+  },
+});
+const usersRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/users",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("user:read")(context),
+  component: function UsersRoute() {
+    const { user } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+    return <UsersManager user={user} />;
+  },
+});
+const rolesRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/roles",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => requirePerm("role:read")(context),
+  component: function RolesRoute() {
+    const { user } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+    return <RolesManager user={user} />;
+  },
+});
+
+const routeTree = rootRoute.addChildren([
+  indexRoute,
+  boothRoute,
+  shiftRoute,
+  setupRoute,
+  tariffRoute,
+  subscriptionsRoute,
+  siteRoute,
+  usersRoute,
+  rolesRoute,
+]);
+
+export const router = createRouter({
+  routeTree,
+  context: { user: null, setUser: () => {} },
+  defaultPreload: "intent",
+});
+
+declare module "@tanstack/react-router" {
+  interface Register {
+    router: typeof router;
+  }
+}

apps/web/src/ui/DeviceFooter.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchDeviceStatus, type DeviceStatus } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "../lib/query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "../lib/live-store.js";
+
+// Fixed device-status footer for the booth chrome. One compact chip per configured
+// device — relays, readers, cameras, printers — labelled by ROLE, never vendor
+// (e.g. "Lexuesi hyrje", "Printer kabina", "Kamera dalje"), with a traffic-light
+// dot. Fault detail does NOT pollute the footer: clicking opens a small panel that
+// lists the degraded/offline devices and their issues. Status is fed by the
+// DeviceMonitor over the WS (snapshot on connect + per-device pushes, held in the
+// live store); a REST snapshot seeds it / fills in if the WS is briefly down.
+// See wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md, booth-console.md.
+
+const DOT: Record<DeviceStatus["state"], string> = {
+  ready: "bg-term-green",
+  degraded: "bg-term-amber",
+  offline: "bg-term-red",
+};
+
+const TEXT: Record<DeviceStatus["state"], string> = {
+  ready: "text-term-text",
+  degraded: "text-term-amber",
+  offline: "text-term-red",
+};
+
+/** i18n key for a device category. */
+const CATEGORY_KEY: Record<DeviceStatus["category"], string> = {
+  access: "devices.catAccess",
+  reader: "devices.catReader",
+  camera: "devices.catCamera",
+  printer: "devices.catPrinter",
+};
+
+/** i18n key for the role/direction token (null = no suffix). */
+function roleKey(roleKind: DeviceStatus["roleKind"]): string | null {
+  return roleKind ? `devices.role.${roleKind}` : null;
+}
+
+/** Stable display order: access (barrier) first, then readers, cameras, printers. */
+const ORDER: Record<DeviceStatus["category"], number> = {
+  access: 0,
+  reader: 1,
+  camera: 2,
+  printer: 3,
+};
+
+/** "Lexuesi hyrje" — category word + localised role/direction (when known). */
+function useLabel() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return (d: DeviceStatus) => {
+    const cat = t(CATEGORY_KEY[d.category]);
+    const rk = roleKey(d.roleKind);
+    return rk ? `${cat} ${t(rk)}` : cat;
+  };
+}
+
+function sortDevices(list: DeviceStatus[]): DeviceStatus[] {
+  return [...list].sort(
+    (a, b) => ORDER[a.category] - ORDER[b.category] || (a.roleKind ?? "").localeCompare(b.roleKind ?? ""),
+  );
+}
+
+export function DeviceFooter() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const label = useLabel();
+  // Seed/fallback from REST; the WS keeps the live store authoritative thereafter.
+  const seed = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.deviceStatus, queryFn: fetchDeviceStatus });
+  const live = useLiveStore((s) => s.devices);
+
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const rootRef = useRef<HTMLElement>(null);
+
+  // Close the issues panel on an outside click or Escape.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) return;
+    const onDown = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) setOpen(false);
+    };
+    const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => e.key === "Escape" && setOpen(false);
+    document.addEventListener("mousedown", onDown);
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener("mousedown", onDown);
+      document.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    };
+  }, [open]);
+
+  // Prefer the live store (WS); fall back to the REST snapshot before the first push.
+  const fromLive = Object.values(live);
+  const devices = sortDevices(fromLive.length > 0 ? fromLive : seed.data?.devices ?? []);
+  const problems = devices.filter((d) => d.state !== "ready");
+
+  return (
+    <footer
+      ref={rootRef}
+      className="relative flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 overflow-visible border-t border-term-border bg-term-panel px-3 py-1.5 text-[11px]"
+    >
+      <span className="shrink-0 font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+        {t("devices.footerTitle")}
+      </span>
+
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 overflow-x-auto">
+        {devices.length === 0 ? (
+          <span className="text-term-muted">{t("devices.none")}</span>
+        ) : (
+          devices.map((d) => {
+            const isProblem = d.state !== "ready";
+            return (
+              <button
+                key={d.deviceId}
+                type="button"
+                // Only a problem chip is interactive (opens the issues panel).
+                onClick={isProblem ? () => setOpen((v) => !v) : undefined}
+                aria-disabled={!isProblem}
+                title={isProblem ? t("devices.clickForIssues") : undefined}
+                className={`flex shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-2 py-0.5 ${
+                  isProblem ? "cursor-pointer hover:border-term-amber" : "cursor-default"
+                }`}
+              >
+                <span
+                  className={`inline-block h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full ${DOT[d.state]} ${
+                    d.state === "offline" ? "animate-pulse" : ""
+                  }`}
+                />
+                <span className={TEXT[d.state]}>{label(d)}</span>
+              </button>
+            );
+          })
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Right-aligned roll-up; clicking opens the issues panel when any exist. */}
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        disabled={problems.length === 0}
+        onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
+        className="ml-auto shrink-0 tabular-nums disabled:cursor-default"
+      >
+        {problems.length === 0 ? (
+          devices.length > 0 ? (
+            <span className="text-term-green">{t("devices.allOk")}</span>
+          ) : null
+        ) : (
+          <span className="text-term-amber hover:underline">
+            {t("devices.issuesCount", { count: problems.length })}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </button>
+
+      {/* Issues panel — anchored above the footer, lists only problem devices. */}
+      {open && problems.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="absolute bottom-full right-2 z-50 mb-1 w-[360px] max-w-[95vw] rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel shadow-2xl">
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-3 py-1.5">
+            <span className="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+              {t("devices.issuesTitle")}
+            </span>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
+              className="text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+              aria-label={t("common.close")}
+            >
+              ✕
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <ul className="max-h-[40vh] overflow-y-auto p-1.5">
+            {problems.map((d) => (
+              <li
+                key={d.deviceId}
+                className="flex items-start gap-2 border-b border-term-border/40 px-1.5 py-1.5 last:border-b-0"
+              >
+                <span className={`mt-1 inline-block h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full ${DOT[d.state]}`} />
+                <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                  <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between gap-2">
+                    <span className={`text-[12px] font-semibold ${TEXT[d.state]}`}>{label(d)}</span>
+                    <span className="shrink-0 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+                      {t(`devices.state.${d.state}`)}
+                    </span>
+                  </div>
+                  {d.detail && <div className="mt-0.5 break-words text-[11px] text-term-muted">{d.detail}</div>}
+                  <div className="mt-0.5 text-[10px] tabular-nums text-term-muted/70">
+                    {t("devices.checkedAt", { time: new Date(d.checkedAt).toLocaleTimeString() })}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </footer>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/ui/Panel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+// Terminal panel: a bordered, titled box — the basic building block of the dense
+// booth layout. Title bar in amber, square corners, subtle layered surfaces.
+
+export function Panel({
+  title,
+  right,
+  children,
+  className = "",
+}: {
+  title?: string;
+  /** Optional right-aligned content in the title bar (e.g. a status dot). */
+  right?: ReactNode;
+  children: ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <section
+      className={`flex flex-col border border-term-border bg-term-panel rounded-term overflow-hidden ${className}`}
+    >
+      {title && (
+        <header className="flex items-center justify-between px-3 py-1.5 bg-term-panel-2 border-b border-term-border">
+          <h2 className="m-0 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+            {title}
+          </h2>
+          {right}
+        </header>
+      )}
+      <div className="flex-1 min-h-0 p-3">{children}</div>
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/ui/SnapshotStrip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchSnapshots, snapshotImageUrl } from "../api.js";
+
+// Entry/exit evidence images for a session. Lets the operator verify the car at the
+// booth against the ticket. Thumbnails load from /api/snapshots/:id (cookie-authed,
+// served with a long immutable cache); clicking one enlarges it. Read-only.
+
+export function SnapshotStrip({ identity }: { identity: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { data, isLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["snapshots", identity],
+    queryFn: () => fetchSnapshots(identity),
+    enabled: !!identity,
+  });
+  const [zoom, setZoom] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const shots = data?.snapshots ?? [];
+
+  if (isLoading) return <div className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">{t("pay.loadingSnapshots")}</div>;
+  if (shots.length === 0) return <div className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">{t("pay.noSnapshots")}</div>;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div className="flex gap-2">
+        {shots.map((s) => (
+          <button
+            key={s.id}
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => setZoom(s.id)}
+            className="group flex flex-col items-center gap-1 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 p-1 hover:border-term-amber"
+            title={`${s.direction ?? "snapshot"} · ${new Date(s.capturedAt).toLocaleString()}`}
+          >
+            <img
+              src={snapshotImageUrl(s.id)}
+              alt={s.direction ?? "snapshot"}
+              className="h-20 w-28 object-cover"
+              loading="lazy"
+            />
+            <span
+              className={`text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider ${
+                s.direction === "entry" ? "text-term-green" : s.direction === "exit" ? "text-term-red" : "text-term-muted"
+              }`}
+            >
+              {s.direction ?? "—"}
+            </span>
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      {zoom && (
+        <div
+          className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center bg-black/80 p-6"
+          onClick={() => setZoom(null)}
+        >
+          <img src={snapshotImageUrl(zoom)} alt="snapshot" className="max-h-full max-w-full object-contain" />
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/ui/StatusDot.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useLiveStore, type WsStatus } from "../lib/live-store.js";
+
+// Small live-connection indicator for the booth chrome: a coloured dot + label
+// reflecting the WebSocket status. Green = live, amber = connecting, red = down.
+
+const COLOR: Record<WsStatus, string> = {
+  open: "bg-term-green",
+  connecting: "bg-term-amber",
+  closed: "bg-term-red",
+};
+const LABEL_KEY: Record<WsStatus, string> = {
+  open: "status.live",
+  connecting: "status.connecting",
+  closed: "status.offline",
+};
+
+export function StatusDot() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const status = useLiveStore((s) => s.status);
+  return (
+    <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+      <span
+        className={`inline-block h-2 w-2 rounded-full ${COLOR[status]} ${status === "open" ? "" : "animate-pulse"}`}
+      />
+      {t(LABEL_KEY[status])}
+    </span>
+  );
+}

apps/web/vite.config.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
 import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite";
 import { defineConfig } from "vite";
 
 // Operator SPA. Built by Vite and served by Fastify in production
 // (see wiki/entities/react-vite-spa.md). The dev proxy points the API at the
 // local Fastify server.
 export default defineConfig({
-  plugins: [react()],
+  plugins: [react(), tailwindcss()],
   server: {
     port: 5173,
     proxy: {
       // Use 127.0.0.1 (not "localhost") so the proxy never tries IPv6 ::1
       // first and stall — the backend binds IPv4. Avoids slow/hung requests,
       // notably under WSL2 mirrored networking.
-      "/api": "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
+      "/api": {
+        target: "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
+        // The live booth feed (/api/ws) is a WebSocket — without `ws: true` the
+        // proxy would not forward the upgrade. The backend's Origin allowlist must
+        // include the dev origin (http://localhost:5173) via WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS.
+        ws: true,
+      },
       "/health": "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
     },
   },

packages/db/drizzle/0001_neat_slipstream.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `park_name` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `operator_name` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `nius` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `address` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `phone` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `email` text;

packages/db/drizzle/0002_panoramic_tiger_shark.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `exit_voucher_default` integer DEFAULT false NOT NULL;

packages/db/drizzle/0003_early_hawkeye.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `users` ADD `language` text DEFAULT 'sq' NOT NULL;

packages/db/drizzle/0004_subscriptions_rename.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-- Rename permit → subscription (master data only). The signed ledger keeps its
+-- immutable `permitId` payload — NOT touched here. Data-preserving ALTER RENAMEs
+-- (SQLite 3.25+) rather than drop/recreate, so existing subscriptions survive.
+-- Adds per-subscription pricing (price_minor + period + currency) and a site-wide
+-- default monthly price. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+
+ALTER TABLE `permits` RENAME TO `subscriptions`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `permit_credentials` RENAME TO `subscription_credentials`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscription_credentials` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `permit_plates` RENAME TO `subscription_plates`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscription_plates` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `price_minor` integer;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `period` text DEFAULT 'monthly' NOT NULL;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `subscriptions` ADD `currency` text;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `sessions` RENAME COLUMN `permit_id` TO `subscription_id`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `subscription_monthly_price_minor` integer;

packages/db/drizzle/0005_site_timezone.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `timezone` text;

packages/db/drizzle/0006_site_default_category.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `default_vehicle_category` text;

packages/db/drizzle/0007_rbac.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+-- Dynamic RBAC: roles become DATA. Replaces the hardcoded users.role enum with a
+-- role_id FK into a composable `roles` table + a `role_permissions` grid.
+-- See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md and @parking/shared PERMISSIONS.
+
+-- 1. Roles + the role→permission grid.
+CREATE TABLE `roles` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`name` text NOT NULL,
+	`builtin` integer DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `roles_name_unique` ON `roles` (`name`);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `role_permissions` (
+	`role_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`permission` text NOT NULL,
+	FOREIGN KEY (`role_id`) REFERENCES `roles`(`id`) ON UPDATE no action ON DELETE no action
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `role_permissions_role_id_permission_unique` ON `role_permissions` (`role_id`,`permission`);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+
+-- 2. Seed the protected built-in `admin` role. Its permission set is enforced in
+--    code (always ALL), but we materialise the rows too so the grid is complete.
+INSERT INTO `roles` (`id`, `name`, `builtin`) VALUES ('admin', 'Admin', 1);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `role_permissions` (`role_id`, `permission`) VALUES
+	('admin','user:create'),('admin','user:read'),('admin','user:update'),('admin','user:delete'),
+	('admin','role:create'),('admin','role:read'),('admin','role:update'),('admin','role:delete'),
+	('admin','tariff:read'),('admin','tariff:update'),
+	('admin','subscription:read'),('admin','subscription:create'),('admin','subscription:update'),('admin','subscription:delete'),
+	('admin','site:read'),('admin','site:update'),
+	('admin','device:read'),
+	('admin','shift:read'),('admin','shift:create'),('admin','shift:cash'),
+	('admin','payment:read'),('admin','payment:create'),
+	('admin','session:read'),
+	('admin','event:read'),('admin','event:void'),
+	('admin','report:read');
+--> statement-breakpoint
+
+-- 3. Seed composable roles matching the OLD enum's intended behaviour, so any
+--    existing operator/cashier/readonly user keeps working. These are ordinary
+--    (non-builtin) rows an admin may later edit or delete.
+INSERT INTO `roles` (`id`, `name`, `builtin`) VALUES ('operator', 'Operator', 0);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `role_permissions` (`role_id`, `permission`) VALUES
+	('operator','payment:read'),('operator','payment:create'),
+	('operator','session:read'),
+	('operator','shift:read'),('operator','shift:create'),
+	('operator','subscription:read'),
+	('operator','tariff:read'),
+	('operator','site:read'),
+	('operator','device:read'),
+	('operator','event:read'),
+	('operator','report:read');
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `roles` (`id`, `name`, `builtin`) VALUES ('cashier', 'Cashier', 0);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `role_permissions` (`role_id`, `permission`) VALUES
+	('cashier','payment:read'),('cashier','payment:create'),
+	('cashier','session:read'),
+	('cashier','shift:read'),('cashier','shift:create'),
+	('cashier','subscription:read'),
+	('cashier','tariff:read'),
+	('cashier','site:read'),
+	('cashier','device:read'),
+	('cashier','event:read'),
+	('cashier','report:read');
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `roles` (`id`, `name`, `builtin`) VALUES ('readonly', 'Read-only', 0);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `role_permissions` (`role_id`, `permission`) VALUES
+	('readonly','session:read'),
+	('readonly','subscription:read'),
+	('readonly','tariff:read'),
+	('readonly','site:read'),
+	('readonly','device:read'),
+	('readonly','event:read'),
+	('readonly','report:read');
+--> statement-breakpoint
+
+-- 4. Rebuild `users` to swap the `role` enum column for a `role_id` FK. SQLite
+--    can't DROP a column cleanly, so: create the new shape, copy rows mapping the
+--    old role string -> role id (identical strings), drop, rename.
+CREATE TABLE `users_new` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`username` text NOT NULL,
+	`password_hash` text NOT NULL,
+	`role_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`language` text DEFAULT 'sq' NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL,
+	FOREIGN KEY (`role_id`) REFERENCES `roles`(`id`) ON UPDATE no action ON DELETE no action
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+INSERT INTO `users_new` (`id`, `username`, `password_hash`, `role_id`, `language`, `created_at`)
+	SELECT `id`, `username`, `password_hash`, `role`, `language`, `created_at` FROM `users`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+DROP TABLE `users`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `users_new` RENAME TO `users`;
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `users_username_unique` ON `users` (`username`);

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0001_snapshot.json

@@ -0,0 +1,797 @@
+{
+  "version": "6",
+  "dialect": "sqlite",
+  "id": "2cfc13fa-43fc-4f89-8438-7b9bcaf7ea3b",
+  "prevId": "a6d81d46-c4a4-4ee7-8565-ec012bbe0252",
+  "tables": {
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "users": {
+      "name": "users",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "username": {
+          "name": "username",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "password_hash": {
+          "name": "password_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "role": {
+          "name": "role",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "users_username_unique": {
+          "name": "users_username_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "username"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "views": {},
+  "enums": {},
+  "_meta": {
+    "schemas": {},
+    "tables": {},
+    "columns": {}
+  },
+  "internal": {
+    "indexes": {}
+  }
+}

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0002_snapshot.json

@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+{
+  "version": "6",
+  "dialect": "sqlite",
+  "id": "dbee8e05-0b49-4af7-962c-9aab53b36eb7",
+  "prevId": "2cfc13fa-43fc-4f89-8438-7b9bcaf7ea3b",
+  "tables": {
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exit_voucher_default": {
+          "name": "exit_voucher_default",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "users": {
+      "name": "users",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "username": {
+          "name": "username",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "password_hash": {
+          "name": "password_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "role": {
+          "name": "role",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "users_username_unique": {
+          "name": "users_username_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "username"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "views": {},
+  "enums": {},
+  "_meta": {
+    "schemas": {},
+    "tables": {},
+    "columns": {}
+  },
+  "internal": {
+    "indexes": {}
+  }
+}

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0003_snapshot.json

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+{
+  "version": "6",
+  "dialect": "sqlite",
+  "id": "620eba1b-2c7e-4bd4-8b3e-c779a69e87b9",
+  "prevId": "dbee8e05-0b49-4af7-962c-9aab53b36eb7",
+  "tables": {
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exit_voucher_default": {
+          "name": "exit_voucher_default",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "users": {
+      "name": "users",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "username": {
+          "name": "username",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "password_hash": {
+          "name": "password_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "role": {
+          "name": "role",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "language": {
+          "name": "language",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'sq'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "users_username_unique": {
+          "name": "users_username_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "username"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "views": {},
+  "enums": {},
+  "_meta": {
+    "schemas": {},
+    "tables": {},
+    "columns": {}
+  },
+  "internal": {
+    "indexes": {}
+  }
+}

packages/db/drizzle/meta/_journal.json

@@ -8,6 +8,55 @@
       "when": 1781632874398,
       "tag": "0000_baseline",
       "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 1,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781682176094,
+      "tag": "0001_neat_slipstream",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 2,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781713560438,
+      "tag": "0002_panoramic_tiger_shark",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 3,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781774228086,
+      "tag": "0003_early_hawkeye",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 4,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781800000000,
+      "tag": "0004_subscriptions_rename",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 5,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781884800000,
+      "tag": "0005_site_timezone",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 6,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781884900000,
+      "tag": "0006_site_default_category",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 7,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781885000000,
+      "tag": "0007_rbac",
+      "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]
 }

packages/db/src/index.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as schema from "./schema.js";
 export * from "./schema.js";
 // Re-export the query helpers consumers need, so they don't depend on
 // drizzle-orm directly (it's an implementation detail of this package).
-export { eq, and, desc, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+export { eq, and, desc, gte, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
 
 /**
  * Open the local SQLite database in WAL mode. WAL allows many concurrent readers

packages/db/src/schema.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
-import { blob, integer, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
+import { blob, integer, sqliteTable, text, unique } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
 
 // Schema notes:
 // - TWO event streams, deliberately separate (see wiki/decisions/event-streams-split.md):
@@ -9,19 +9,59 @@ import { blob, integer, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
 //       tariffs and occupancy are PROJECTIONS over it. See append-only-event-chain.md.
 //     • `device_events` — UNSIGNED operational telemetry (relay/printer/camera/reader/input).
 //       High-volume, prunable, never reconciled. See wiki/concepts/device-events.md.
-// - Business master data (tariffs/permits/blocklist) IS mutable, but its USE is fixed in a
+// - Business master data (tariffs/subscriptions/blocklist) IS mutable, but its USE is fixed in a
 //   signed ledger event, so the audit trail stays append-only. Tariffs are versioned:
 //   editing publishes a new immutable tariff_version. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
-// - `users` holds bcrypt hashes + a role; auth is fully local (offline-first).
+// - Authorization is DYNAMIC RBAC, fully local (offline-first): `roles` are data
-//   See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
+//   (admin-composable), `role_permissions` is the role→permission grid, and each
+//   `users` row points at one role via `role_id`. Permissions are checked per
+//   route (see @parking/shared PERMISSIONS). A built-in, locked `admin` role
+//   (id='admin') always holds every permission. See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
+
+/** A composable role: a named bundle of permissions. `builtin` rows (the `admin`
+ *  role) are protected — not editable or deletable, and always granted all
+ *  permissions. Everything else is admin-composed at runtime. */
+export const roles = sqliteTable("roles", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  name: text("name").notNull().unique(),
+  // 1 = protected built-in (the `admin` role). 0 = admin-composed.
+  builtin: integer("builtin").notNull().default(0),
+  createdAt: text("created_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+/** The role→permission grid. One row per granted `resource:action` permission.
+ *  The `admin` role is granted all permissions implicitly in code, so its rows
+ *  here are belt-and-suspenders. See @parking/shared PERMISSIONS. */
+export const rolePermissions = sqliteTable(
+  "role_permissions",
+  {
+    roleId: text("role_id")
+      .notNull()
+      .references(() => roles.id),
+    permission: text("permission").notNull(),
+  },
+  (t) => ({
+    // A permission is granted to a role at most once.
+    uniq: unique().on(t.roleId, t.permission),
+  }),
+);
 
 export const users = sqliteTable("users", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
   username: text("username").notNull().unique(),
   passwordHash: text("password_hash").notNull(),
-  role: text("role", {
+  // One role per user (RBAC). Resolves to a permission set at request time.
-    enum: ["admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly"],
+  roleId: text("role_id")
-  }).notNull(),
+    .notNull()
+    .references(() => roles.id),
+  // Preferred UI language for this user (operator-facing). Loaded on login and
+  // restored from any booth. Albanian is the default. Printed tickets are NOT
+  // governed by this — they're always Albanian (customer-facing). See i18n.md.
+  language: text("language", { enum: ["sq", "en"] })
+    .notNull()
+    .default("sq"),
   createdAt: text("created_at")
     .notNull()
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
@@ -87,7 +127,7 @@ export const snapshots = sqliteTable("snapshots", {
   direction: text("direction", { enum: ["entry", "exit"] }).notNull(),
   // The camera `devices` instance that captured it (raw provenance).
   deviceId: text("device_id"),
-  // The session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit) — links to the ledger event.
+  // The session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, subscription) — links to the ledger event.
   identity: text("identity"),
   contentType: text("content_type").notNull(),
   bytes: blob("bytes").notNull().$type<Buffer>(),
@@ -131,9 +171,53 @@ export const setupState = sqliteTable("setup_state", {
 // Single-row site settings (admin-configurable). The home for site-wide knobs;
 // `capacity` is the nominal space count the FULL gate refuses transient entry at
 // (null = no cap). See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+// Park identity/metadata (all optional) lives here too — display name, the legal
+// operator, the NIUS tax id, address and contact. These feed the ticket/receipt
+// header (park name + NIUS are commonly required on an Albanian parking receipt)
+// and admin display. All nullable: the lot runs fine with none set.
+// See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
 export const siteConfig = sqliteTable("site_config", {
   id: integer("id").primaryKey(), // always 1
   capacity: integer("capacity"), // null = no capacity limit
+  /** Park display name shown on the ticket header / UI (e.g. "Acme Parking"). */
+  parkName: text("park_name"),
+  /** Legal entity operating the lot, for receipts (may differ from parkName). */
+  operatorName: text("operator_name"),
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number, printed on the receipt when set. */
+  nius: text("nius"),
+  /** Free-text postal address (multi-line allowed). */
+  address: text("address"),
+  /** Contact phone — also used for the ticket "lost ticket? call …" footer. */
+  phone: text("phone"),
+  /** Contact email. */
+  email: text("email"),
+  /** Default for the booth pay modal's "print exit ticket" checkbox. Site-wide
+   *  because it's booth GEOGRAPHY: when the booth is far from the exit, the
+   *  customer pays at the booth and self-exits later by scanning a printed exit
+   *  voucher (= the ticket id reprinted, now paid). When near the exit, the booth
+   *  opens the barrier directly. The operator may still override per transaction.
+   *  Stored 0/1 (SQLite has no bool). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md. */
+  exitVoucherDefault: integer("exit_voucher_default", { mode: "boolean" })
+    .notNull()
+    .default(false),
+  /** Default monthly subscription price in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00).
+   *  A starting value the subscription form pre-fills; each subscription stores its
+   *  own price and may differ. null = no site default set. See
+   *  wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+  subscriptionMonthlyPriceMinor: integer("subscription_monthly_price_minor"),
+  /** IANA timezone the site operates in (e.g. "Europe/Tirane"). Used to evaluate a
+   *  tariff's wall-clock pricing windows (happy hour / night / seasonal). COPIED into
+   *  each published tariff version's structure.tz so the windows are frozen/immutable
+   *  per version — historical sessions reprice deterministically regardless of any
+   *  later config change. null/absent ⇒ default "Europe/Tirane" at publish time.
+   *  See wiki/concepts/tariff-time-tiers.md. */
+  timezone: text("timezone"),
+  /** Default vehicle/customer category assigned to a transient entry when none is
+   *  captured at the lane (every transient today). Operator policy — a plain car park
+   *  leaves it "default"; a mixed lot might set "car". Frozen into each vehicle_entry
+   *  payload so V2 category pricing reprices identically at exit. null ⇒ the shared
+   *  DEFAULT_VEHICLE_CATEGORY fallback. See wiki/concepts/tariff-time-tiers.md. */
+  defaultVehicleCategory: text("default_vehicle_category"),
   updatedAt: text("updated_at")
     .notNull()
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
@@ -171,16 +255,28 @@ export const tariffVersions = sqliteTable("tariff_versions", {
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
 });
 
-// --- Permits (subscriptions) ---------------------------------------------
+// --- Subscriptions --------------------------------------------------------
-// Mutable master data; every USE produces a signed vehicle_entry/exit ledger event.
+// A subscriber: a known holder who parks on a recurring plan (e.g. 10,000 ALL /
-// Two optional, independent bindings: car-count (maxConcurrent, default 1, null =
+// month) instead of paying per stay. Mutable master data; every USE still produces a
-// unbound) and plate (plates rows, default none = any car). Identity = card/QR OR a
+// signed vehicle_entry/exit ledger event. Two optional, independent bindings:
-// matching plate. Credentials and cars are child rows. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+// car-count (maxConcurrent, default 1, null = unbound) and plate (plates rows,
-export const permits = sqliteTable("permits", {
+// default none = any car). Identity = card/QR OR a matching plate (LPR/ANPR future).
+// Pricing: priceMinor + period + currency record the plan; collecting the fee into
+// the ledger/shift is deferred. See wiki/entities/subscription.md.
+// NB: signed ledger events still carry `permitId` in their payload — immutable
+// history, intentionally NOT renamed. These tables are the mutable master data,
+// renamed permit→subscription in migration 0004.
+export const subscriptions = sqliteTable("subscriptions", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
   holderName: text("holder_name"),
   contact: text("contact"),
-  // Car-count binding: how many of the permit's cars may be inside at once.
+  // Recurring price for the plan, in minor units (e.g. 1000000 = 10,000.00 ALL).
+  // null = no price set (comp/legacy). The `period` says what it recurs over.
+  priceMinor: integer("price_minor"),
+  period: text("period", { enum: ["monthly"] }).notNull().default("monthly"),
+  // ISO-4217 currency of priceMinor (e.g. "ALL"). null when no price set.
+  currency: text("currency"),
+  // Car-count binding: how many of the subscription's cars may be inside at once.
   // null = unbound. Default 1.
   maxConcurrent: integer("max_concurrent").default(1),
   validFrom: text("valid_from"),
@@ -193,19 +289,19 @@ export const permits = sqliteTable("permits", {
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
 });
 
-// A permit's credentials (RF tag/chip/card, or QR). Either opens the lane.
+// A subscription's credentials (RF tag/chip/card, or QR). Either opens the barrier.
-export const permitCredentials = sqliteTable("permit_credentials", {
+export const subscriptionCredentials = sqliteTable("subscription_credentials", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id").notNull(),
   kind: text("kind", { enum: ["rf", "qr"] }).notNull(),
   value: text("value").notNull(),
 });
 
-// Plate binding (optional). When a permit has plate rows, a matching plate read is
+// Plate binding (optional). When a subscription has plate rows, a matching plate read
-// itself an accepted identity (card/QR OR plate). Empty = not plate-bound (any car).
+// is itself an accepted identity (card/QR OR plate). Empty = not plate-bound (any car).
-export const permitPlates = sqliteTable("permit_plates", {
+export const subscriptionPlates = sqliteTable("subscription_plates", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id").notNull(),
   plate: text("plate").notNull(),
 });
 
@@ -234,8 +330,8 @@ export const sessions = sqliteTable("sessions", {
   // Identity that opened the session, and how it was read.
   identity: text("identity"),
   source: text("source"),
-  // null while transient; set when matched to a permit.
+  // null while transient; set when matched to a subscription.
-  permitId: text("permit_id"),
+  subscriptionId: text("subscription_id"),
   enteredAt: text("entered_at").notNull(),
   // null until exit; presence = CLOSED.
   exitedAt: text("exited_at"),
@@ -248,6 +344,8 @@ export const sessions = sqliteTable("sessions", {
 });
 
 export type UserRow = typeof users.$inferSelect;
+export type RoleRow = typeof roles.$inferSelect;
+export type RolePermissionRow = typeof rolePermissions.$inferSelect;
 export type LedgerEventRow = typeof ledgerEvents.$inferSelect;
 export type DeviceEventRow = typeof deviceEvents.$inferSelect;
 export type SnapshotRow = typeof snapshots.$inferSelect;
@@ -256,8 +354,8 @@ export type SetupStateRow = typeof setupState.$inferSelect;
 export type SiteConfigRow = typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect;
 export type TariffRow = typeof tariffs.$inferSelect;
 export type TariffVersionRow = typeof tariffVersions.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitRow = typeof permits.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionRow = typeof subscriptions.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitCredentialRow = typeof permitCredentials.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionCredentialRow = typeof subscriptionCredentials.$inferSelect;
-export type PermitPlateRow = typeof permitPlates.$inferSelect;
+export type SubscriptionPlateRow = typeof subscriptionPlates.$inferSelect;
 export type BlocklistRow = typeof blocklist.$inferSelect;
 export type SessionRow = typeof sessions.$inferSelect;

packages/devices/src/drivers/index.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { registry } from "../registry.js";
 import { dingtianDriver } from "./access-dingtian.js";
 import { stubAccessDriver } from "./access-stub.js";
 import { dahuaDriver, hikvisionDriver } from "./camera.js";
+import { cashinoDriver } from "./printer-cashino.js";
 import { rongtaDriver } from "./printer-rongta.js";
 import { geeQrReaderDriver, tcpipReaderDriver, wiegandReaderDriver } from "./reader.js";
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export function registerBuiltinDrivers(): void {
   registry.register(hikvisionDriver);
   registry.register(dahuaDriver);
   registry.register(rongtaDriver);
+  registry.register(cashinoDriver);
 }
 
 export {
@@ -33,4 +35,5 @@ export {
   hikvisionDriver,
   dahuaDriver,
   rongtaDriver,
+  cashinoDriver,
 };

packages/devices/src/drivers/printer-cashino.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import type {
+  DeviceHealth,
+  PrinterDevice,
+  PrintReport,
+  ReceiptData,
+  SubscriptionCardData,
+  TicketData,
+} from "../interfaces.js";
+import type { ConfigField, DeviceConfig, PrinterDriver } from "../registry.js";
+import { hostField, portField, stubLog } from "./common.js";
+import {
+  probe,
+  renderReceipt,
+  renderReport,
+  renderSubscriptionCard,
+  renderTicket,
+  sendRaw,
+} from "./printer-escpos.js";
+
+// Cashino 80mm network thermal printer driver. The Cashino is an ESC/POS clone:
+// it PRINTS identically to the Rongta (same byte stream — see ./printer-escpos.ts),
+// so tickets, reports and subscription cards render the same. What it does NOT
+// have is the Rongta board's decoded status web page (/prn_stat.htm). It cannot
+// report paper-out / cover-open / cutter faults in a form we trust.
+//
+// Therefore this driver deliberately does NOT implement MonitorableDevice
+// (no readStatus). The device monitor then falls back to the generic
+// `healthCheck()` — a plain TCP reachability PING of the print socket. So the
+// booth footer shows this printer as "ready" when it's reachable and "offline"
+// when it isn't, and never a wrong paper/cover verdict it cannot actually sense.
+// (Reusing the Rongta driver made it scrape a status page the Cashino doesn't
+// serve, producing the bogus "degraded" feedback this driver fixes.)
+//
+// No auth on the print socket — like the other field devices it lives on the
+// isolated device VLAN. Roles + failover work exactly as for the Rongta
+// (entry-dispenser / booth-receipt + failoverRank); the server owns selection.
+// See wiki/concepts/printer-status-monitoring.md and printer-roles-failover.md.
+
+class CashinoPrinter implements PrinterDevice {
+  readonly driverId = "cashino";
+  readonly #host: string;
+  readonly #port: number;
+  readonly #timeout: number;
+
+  constructor(config: DeviceConfig) {
+    this.#host = String(config.host);
+    this.#port = config.port ? Number(config.port) : 9100;
+    this.#timeout = config.timeoutMs ? Number(config.timeoutMs) : 3000;
+  }
+
+  async connect(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.healthCheck();
+  }
+
+  async disconnect(): Promise<void> {
+    stubLog(this.driverId, "disconnect");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reachability only — a TCP connect probe of the raw print socket. The Cashino
+   * has no trustworthy status protocol, so this is the floor and the ceiling of
+   * what we report: reachable → ready, unreachable → offline. Deliberately NO
+   * readStatus(): the monitor uses this for the traffic-light, never a guessed
+   * paper/cover state.
+   */
+  async healthCheck(): Promise<DeviceHealth> {
+    try {
+      await probe(this.#host, this.#port, this.#timeout);
+      return { status: "ready" };
+    } catch (err) {
+      return { status: "offline", detail: (err as Error).message };
+    }
+  }
+
+  async printTicket(data: TicketData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderTicket(data), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed ticket ${data.ticketId}`);
+  }
+
+  async printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderReport(report), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(
+      this.driverId,
+      `printed report "${report.title}" (${report.lines.length} lines)`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  async printSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(
+      this.#host,
+      this.#port,
+      renderSubscriptionCard(data),
+      this.#timeout,
+    );
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed subscription card ${data.code}`);
+  }
+
+  async printReceipt(data: ReceiptData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderReceipt(data), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(
+      this.driverId,
+      `printed ${data.voucher ? "voucher" : "receipt"} ${data.ticketId}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const roleField: ConfigField = {
+  key: "role",
+  label: "Role",
+  type: "select",
+  required: true,
+  default: "entry-dispenser",
+  options: [
+    {
+      value: "entry-dispenser",
+      label: "Entry dispenser (outside / at the lane)",
+    },
+    { value: "booth-receipt", label: "Booth printer (receipts + backup)" },
+  ],
+  help: "Entry tickets print on the entry dispenser, falling back to the booth printer if it is offline.",
+};
+
+const rankField: ConfigField = {
+  key: "failoverRank",
+  label: "Failover rank",
+  type: "number",
+  required: false,
+  default: 0,
+  help: "Higher = tried first within the same role. The booth printer also backs up the entry dispenser.",
+};
+
+export const cashinoDriver: PrinterDriver = {
+  id: "cashino",
+  category: "printer",
+  label: "Cashino 80mm thermal printer",
+  description:
+    "Cashino 80mm thermal printer (ESC/POS over raw TCP, port 9100). Prints like the Rongta but has no status page — monitored by reachability ping only (no paper/cover/cutter reporting). No auth on the print socket — isolate the VLAN.",
+  transports: ["tcp-ip"],
+  configFields: [
+    hostField,
+    {
+      ...portField(9100),
+      required: false,
+      help: "Raw print socket (ESC/POS over JetDirect/RAW, default 9100).",
+    },
+    roleField,
+    rankField,
+    {
+      key: "timeoutMs",
+      label: "Timeout (ms)",
+      type: "number",
+      required: false,
+      default: 3000,
+    },
+  ],
+  create: (c) => new CashinoPrinter(c),
+};

packages/devices/src/drivers/printer-escpos.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+import { Socket } from "node:net";
+import type {
+  PrintReport,
+  ReceiptData,
+  SubscriptionCardData,
+  TicketData,
+} from "../interfaces.js";
+
+// Shared ESC/POS rendering + raw-TCP transport for 80mm thermal printers.
+// Rongta RP-series, Cashino, and the many OEM clones all speak ESC/POS over a
+// raw TCP socket on port 9100 (the JetDirect/RAW convention) with no auth on the
+// print socket — they live on the isolated device VLAN. The BYTE STREAM is
+// identical across these clones; what differs is live status reporting (the
+// Rongta board serves a decoded status page; the Cashino does not), so status
+// stays in each driver while the rendering/transport live here.
+// See wiki/entities/rongta-printer.md and wiki/concepts/network-isolation.md.
+
+// --- ESC/POS command bytes ----------------------------------------------------
+const ESC = 0x1b;
+const GS = 0x1d;
+const LF = 0x0a;
+
+const INIT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x40]); // ESC @  — reset to power-on defaults
+const ALIGN_CENTER = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x61, 0x01]); // ESC a 1
+const ALIGN_LEFT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x61, 0x00]); // ESC a 0
+const BOLD_ON = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x45, 0x01]); // ESC E 1
+const BOLD_OFF = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x45, 0x00]); // ESC E 0
+const DOUBLE_ON = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x11]); // GS ! — double width+height
+const DOUBLE_OFF = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x00]);
+const FEED_AND_CUT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x64, 0x04, GS, 0x56, 0x42, 0x00]); // feed 4, GS V B 0 partial cut
+
+// Select code page 852 (Latin-2) for the character set: ESC t n, n=18 (0x12).
+// CP852 carries the Albanian letters we print (ë, ç, …); without it the printer
+// would interpret our high bytes as CP437 glyphs. Sent in every print's INIT
+// preamble. See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md (i18n / codepage).
+const SELECT_CP852 = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x74, 0x12]);
+
+// Minimal Unicode → CP852 byte map for the characters Albanian text actually uses
+// beyond ASCII. Anything not listed is transliterated to an ASCII fallback (below)
+// so we never emit a byte that renders as the wrong glyph. Extend as needed.
+const CP852: Record<string, number> = {
+  ë: 0x89,
+  Ë: 0xd3, // CP852 0xD3 = U+00CB Ë (0xEB is ű — wrong; fixed after a misprint)
+  ç: 0x87,
+  Ç: 0x80,
+  // common Latin-2 extras that may appear in a park name/address:
+  ä: 0x84,
+  ö: 0x94,
+  ü: 0x81,
+  é: 0x82,
+  á: 0xa0,
+  í: 0xa1,
+  ó: 0xa2,
+  ú: 0xa3,
+};
+// ASCII transliteration for any char with no CP852 mapping (last-resort, so an
+// odd glyph degrades to a readable letter rather than garbage).
+const ASCII_FALLBACK: Record<string, string> = {
+  ë: "e",
+  Ë: "E",
+  ç: "c",
+  Ç: "C",
+  ä: "a",
+  ö: "o",
+  ü: "u",
+  é: "e",
+  á: "a",
+  í: "i",
+  ó: "o",
+  ú: "u",
+};
+
+/** Encode one line of text to CP852 bytes + a line feed. ASCII (<0x80) passes
+ *  through; mapped chars use their CP852 byte; unmapped non-ASCII falls back to an
+ *  ASCII letter. Pair with SELECT_CP852 in the print preamble. */
+function line(text = ""): Buffer {
+  const out: number[] = [];
+  // Intl.NumberFormat separates the amount from the currency with a NO-BREAK
+  // SPACE (U+00A0) or NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE (U+202F); neither is in CP852, so
+  // they'd print as "?". Normalise to a plain space (e.g. "1000 Lekë").
+  const normalised = text.replace(/[  ]/g, " ");
+  for (const ch of normalised) {
+    const code = ch.codePointAt(0) ?? 0;
+    const mapped = CP852[ch];
+    const fallback = ASCII_FALLBACK[ch];
+    if (code < 0x80) {
+      out.push(code);
+    } else if (mapped !== undefined) {
+      out.push(mapped);
+    } else if (fallback !== undefined) {
+      out.push(...Buffer.from(fallback, "ascii"));
+    } else {
+      out.push(0x3f); // "?" — unknown char, never a wrong glyph
+    }
+  }
+  out.push(LF);
+  return Buffer.from(out);
+}
+
+// --- Scannable symbol (printer-generated, no image rendering) -----------------
+// The ticket id is the session key (wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md). We print it
+// as a 1D Code128 barcode so ANY legacy laser barcode scanner the booth might have
+// can read it. The barcode is rendered by the printer board from these ESC/POS
+// commands — we send the data, the firmware draws the bars (no bitmap, no
+// dependency). The same code is printed as large human-readable digits below, so
+// the operator can hand-key it if every reader fails.
+
+/** GS k — Code128 1D barcode. Height/width set first, then HRI off, then data. */
+function code128(data: string): Buffer {
+  // Code128 code set B (printable ASCII) — prefix the data with the {B selector.
+  const payload = Buffer.from(`{B${data}`, "ascii");
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x68, 0x64]), // GS h 100 — barcode height = 100 dots (taller = tolerant of scan angle)
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x77, 0x03]), // GS w 3  — module width = 3 (wider bars for the short-range "Simple" QR/barcode engine; 13-digit Code128 ≈ 495/576 dots, fits 80mm with quiet zones)
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x48, 0x00]), // GS H 0  — HRI text off (we print the id ourselves)
+    // GS k 73 n <data>  — function B form: 73 = Code128, n = data byte length.
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x6b, 0x49, payload.length]),
+    payload,
+  ]);
+}
+
+// --- 2D QR symbol (printer-generated via ESC/POS GS ( k) -----------------------
+// A true QR for the SUBSCRIPTION card — the subscriber scans it at the reader (which
+// reads QR + 1D barcode) every entry/exit for the coverage period. The board renders
+// the QR from these GS ( k commands (no bitmap, no dependency), same approach as
+// code128. We also print the code as text below as the hand-key fallback.
+
+/** A QR code via ESC/POS `GS ( k`. `size` = module dot size (1–16; 6 ≈ readable on
+ *  80mm at short range). Error-correction level M (15%) — robust to a smudged print. */
+function qrCode(data: string, size = 6): Buffer {
+  const bytes = Buffer.from(data, "ascii");
+  // pL/pH encode the data length + 3 (the cn,fn,m header bytes) for function 180.
+  const store = bytes.length + 3;
+  const pL = store & 0xff;
+  const pH = (store >> 8) & 0xff;
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    // fn 165: select QR model — 1d 28 6b 04 00 31 41 <model=50(2)> 00
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x04, 0x00, 0x31, 0x41, 0x32, 0x00]),
+    // fn 167: module size — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 43 <size>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x43, size]),
+    // fn 169: error correction level — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 45 <49=M>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x45, 0x31]),
+    // fn 180: store the symbol data — 1d 28 6b pL pH 31 50 30 <data>
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, pL, pH, 0x31, 0x50, 0x30]),
+    bytes,
+    // fn 181: print the stored symbol — 1d 28 6b 03 00 31 51 30
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x28, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x51, 0x30]),
+  ]);
+}
+
+// Ticket/receipt strings — Albanian (the site prints in Albanian for now). Kept in
+// one place so a real i18n layer (per-locale tables + a t() helper) can replace this
+// later without touching the render functions. See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
+const STR = {
+  /** NIUS label prefix; printed only when the park has a NIUS. */
+  nius: (v: string) => `NIUS: ${v}`,
+  /** "Printed at:" — precedes the issue timestamp. */
+  issuedAt: (v: string) => `Printuar më: ${v}`,
+  /** Subscription-card title. */
+  subscription: "ABONIM",
+  /** "Holder: <name>" line on the card. */
+  holder: (name: string) => `Mbajtësi: ${name}`,
+  /** "Valid: <from> – <to>" line on the card. */
+  validity: (from: string, to: string) => `Vlen: ${from} – ${to}`,
+  phone: (v: string) => `TEL: ${v}`,
+  // --- payment receipt ---
+  /** Receipt title. */
+  receipt: "FATURË PAGESE",
+  /** Voucher-mode title (the same slip self-exits). */
+  voucherTitle: "BILETË DALJE",
+  /** "Entry:" — entry time row. */
+  entry: (v: string) => `Hyrja:    ${v}`,
+  /** "Paid:" — payment time row. */
+  paid: (v: string) => `Pagesa:   ${v}`,
+  /** "Duration:" — time parked. */
+  duration: (v: string) => `Kohëzgjatja: ${v}`,
+  /** "Tender:" — cash/card. */
+  tender: (v: string) => `Mënyra:   ${v}`,
+  tenderCash: "Para në dorë",
+  tenderCard: "Kartë",
+  /** "Paid:" amount label (precedes the large total). */
+  amountLabel: "PAGUAR",
+  /** Walk-back grace emphasis (voucher mode) — two short lines that each fit the
+   *  80mm width, so neither wraps mid-word. */
+  graceLines: (min: number): readonly string[] => [
+    `Dilni brenda ${min} min.`,
+    "Skanoni këtë biletë në dalje.",
+  ],
+  /** Thank-you footer. */
+  thanks: "Faleminderit!",
+} as const;
+
+/** Format integer minor units + ISO-4217 currency as a major-unit string for the
+ *  printed receipt. Mirrors the booth UI's formatMoney (no float money model). */
+function money(amountMinor: number, currency: string): string {
+  const major = amountMinor / 100;
+  try {
+    return new Intl.NumberFormat("sq-AL", {
+      style: "currency",
+      currency,
+    }).format(major);
+  } catch {
+    return `${major.toFixed(2)} ${currency}`;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Human duration between two ISO times, e.g. "2h 14m" / "47m". Whole minutes,
+ *  mirroring the booth UI's formatDuration. */
+function duration(fromIso: string, toIso: string): string {
+  const ms = Date.parse(toIso) - Date.parse(fromIso);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms < 0) return "—";
+  const mins = Math.floor(ms / 60_000);
+  const h = Math.floor(mins / 60);
+  const m = mins % 60;
+  return h > 0 ? `${h}h ${m}m` : `${m}m`;
+}
+
+/** Local date+time "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM" for a receipt row. The host clock is the
+ *  site's local time (the appliance runs in the site's zone). */
+function stamp(iso: string): string {
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return iso;
+  const p = (n: number) => String(n).padStart(2, "0");
+  return `${d.getFullYear()}-${p(d.getMonth() + 1)}-${p(d.getDate())} ${p(d.getHours())}:${p(d.getMinutes())}`;
+}
+
+/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a free-form text report (e.g. shift Z-report). */
+export function renderReport(report: PrintReport): Buffer {
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    BOLD_ON,
+    line(report.title),
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    ALIGN_LEFT,
+    line(),
+    ...report.lines.map((l) => line(l)),
+    FEED_AND_CUT,
+  ]);
+}
+
+/** Render the park-identity header from site metadata. Prints the park name large
+ *  (or "PARKING" if unset), then operator / NIUS / address lines that are present.
+ *  NIUS and the rest only print when set. Non-ASCII renders via CP852 (see line()). */
+function renderHeader(h: TicketData["header"]): Buffer {
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    BOLD_ON,
+    DOUBLE_ON,
+    line(h?.parkName || "PARKING"),
+    DOUBLE_OFF,
+    BOLD_OFF,
+  ];
+  if (h?.operatorName) parts.push(line(h.operatorName));
+  if (h?.nius) parts.push(line(STR.nius(h.nius)));
+  if (h?.address) {
+    // Address may be multi-line; print each line centered.
+    for (const ln of h.address.split(/\r?\n/))
+      if (ln.trim()) parts.push(line(ln.trim()));
+  }
+  if (h?.phone) parts.push(line(STR.phone(h.phone)));
+  return Buffer.concat(parts);
+}
+
+/** Build the full ESC/POS byte stream for an entry ticket.
+ *  Header (park identity) → 1D Code128 barcode of the ticket id → the id in large
+ *  digits → issue time. Code128 is read by ANY legacy 1D barcode scanner the booth
+ *  might have; the printed digits are the fallback if every reader fails (operator
+ *  hand-keys the all-numeric code). Text is Albanian.
+ *  See wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md and site-metadata.md. */
+export function renderTicket(data: TicketData): Buffer {
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    renderHeader(data.header),
+    line(),
+    // The scannable barcode + the same code in large human-readable digits.
+    code128(data.ticketId),
+    line(),
+    BOLD_ON,
+    DOUBLE_ON,
+    line(data.ticketId),
+    DOUBLE_OFF,
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+    line(STR.issuedAt(data.issuedAt)),
+    FEED_AND_CUT,
+  ]);
+}
+
+/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a SUBSCRIPTION CARD: park header → a scannable
+ *  QR of the code → the code in text (hand-key fallback) → holder + validity window.
+ *  The subscriber keeps this and scans the QR at the reader every entry/exit. */
+export function renderSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Buffer {
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    renderHeader(data.header),
+    line(),
+    BOLD_ON,
+    line(STR.subscription),
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    qrCode(data.code),
+    line(),
+    // The code in text, as the fallback if the QR won't scan.
+    line(data.code),
+    ALIGN_LEFT,
+    line(),
+  ];
+  if (data.holderName) parts.push(line(STR.holder(data.holderName)));
+  if (data.validFrom || data.validTo) {
+    parts.push(line(STR.validity(data.validFrom ?? "—", data.validTo ?? "—")));
+  }
+  parts.push(FEED_AND_CUT);
+  return Buffer.concat(parts);
+}
+
+/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a PAYMENT RECEIPT. Header → title → the
+ *  transparency figures (entry / paid / duration / amount / tender). In voucher
+ *  mode it ALSO prints the scannable ticket-id barcode and emphasises the
+ *  walk-back grace, so the one slip both proves payment and self-exits at a
+ *  distant exit reader. Standalone (voucher=false) is detail-only. Albanian. */
+export function renderReceipt(data: ReceiptData): Buffer {
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    renderHeader(data.header),
+    line(),
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    BOLD_ON,
+    DOUBLE_ON,
+    line(data.voucher ? STR.voucherTitle : STR.receipt),
+    DOUBLE_OFF,
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+    ALIGN_LEFT,
+    // The transparency figures.
+    line(STR.entry(stamp(data.enteredAt))),
+    line(STR.paid(stamp(data.paidAt))),
+    line(STR.duration(duration(data.enteredAt, data.paidAt))),
+    line(
+      STR.tender(data.tender === "card" ? STR.tenderCard : STR.tenderCash),
+    ),
+    line(),
+    // The amount, large and centred.
+    ALIGN_CENTER,
+    line(STR.amountLabel),
+    BOLD_ON,
+    DOUBLE_ON,
+    line(money(data.amountMinor, data.currency)),
+    DOUBLE_OFF,
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+  ];
+
+  if (data.voucher) {
+    // The same ticket id, scannable at the exit reader, + the grace emphasis.
+    parts.push(
+      code128(data.ticketId),
+      line(),
+      line(data.ticketId),
+      line(),
+    );
+    if (data.graceExitMin != null && data.graceExitMin > 0) {
+      parts.push(
+        BOLD_ON,
+        ...STR.graceLines(data.graceExitMin).map((l) => line(l)),
+        BOLD_OFF,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  parts.push(line(), line(STR.thanks), FEED_AND_CUT);
+  return Buffer.concat(parts);
+}
+
+/** Open a TCP socket, write the bytes, wait for flush, then close. */
+export function sendRaw(
+  host: string,
+  port: number,
+  payload: Buffer,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const sock = new Socket();
+    let settled = false;
+    const done = (err?: Error) => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      sock.destroy();
+      err ? reject(err) : resolve();
+    };
+    sock.setTimeout(timeoutMs);
+    sock.on("timeout", () => done(new Error("timeout")));
+    sock.on("error", done);
+    sock.connect(port, host, () => {
+      sock.write(payload, (err) => (err ? done(err) : done()));
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/** TCP connect probe — reachability of the raw print socket. The print socket has
+ *  no status protocol we rely on, so this is the floor for any ESC/POS printer:
+ *  it answers "is the printer reachable", not "is it out of paper". */
+export function probe(
+  host: string,
+  port: number,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const sock = new Socket();
+    let settled = false;
+    const done = (err?: Error) => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      sock.destroy();
+      err ? reject(err) : resolve();
+    };
+    sock.setTimeout(timeoutMs);
+    sock.on("timeout", () => done(new Error("timeout")));
+    sock.on("error", done);
+    sock.connect(port, host, () => done());
+  });
+}
+
+// --- shared driver config fields ----------------------------------------------
+// Role + failover are identical across ESC/POS printers; defined here so each
+// driver shares them. See wiki/concepts/printer-roles-failover.md.
+export type PrinterRole = "entry-dispenser" | "booth-receipt";

packages/devices/src/drivers/printer-rongta.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { Socket } from "node:net";
 import { request as httpRequest } from "node:http";
 import type {
   Device,
@@ -7,15 +6,27 @@ import type {
   PrinterDevice,
   PrinterStatus,
   PrintReport,
+  SubscriptionCardData,
   TicketData,
 } from "../interfaces.js";
 import type { ConfigField, DeviceConfig, PrinterDriver } from "../registry.js";
 import { hostField, portField, stubLog } from "./common.js";
+import {
+  probe,
+  renderReceipt,
+  renderReport,
+  renderSubscriptionCard,
+  renderTicket,
+  sendRaw,
+} from "./printer-escpos.js";
 
 // Rongta 80mm network thermal printer driver. Rongta RP-series printers (and the
 // many OEM clones that share their firmware) speak ESC/POS over a raw TCP socket
-// on port 9100 — the JetDirect/RAW convention. There is no auth on the print
+// on port 9100 — the JetDirect/RAW convention. The ESC/POS rendering + transport
-// socket; like the other field devices it lives on the isolated device VLAN.
+// are shared with the other ESC/POS clones in ./printer-escpos.ts; what is unique
+// to Rongta — and lives here — is LIVE STATUS via the board's own status web page.
+// There is no auth on the print socket; like the other field devices it lives on
+// the isolated device VLAN.
 // See wiki/entities/rongta-printer.md and wiki/concepts/network-isolation.md.
 //
 // ROLES + FAILOVER: a lane has more than one printer. Each instance declares a
@@ -26,90 +37,22 @@ import { hostField, portField, stubLog } from "./common.js";
 // itself is role-agnostic; the role/rank live in config and the caller (server)
 // owns the failover selection. See wiki/concepts/printer-roles-failover.md.
 
-// --- ESC/POS command bytes ----------------------------------------------------
-const ESC = 0x1b;
-const GS = 0x1d;
-const LF = 0x0a;
-
-const INIT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x40]); // ESC @  — reset to power-on defaults
-const ALIGN_CENTER = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x61, 0x01]); // ESC a 1
-const ALIGN_LEFT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x61, 0x00]); // ESC a 0
-const BOLD_ON = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x45, 0x01]); // ESC E 1
-const BOLD_OFF = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x45, 0x00]); // ESC E 0
-const DOUBLE_ON = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x11]); // GS ! — double width+height
-const DOUBLE_OFF = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x00]);
-const FEED_AND_CUT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x64, 0x04, GS, 0x56, 0x42, 0x00]); // feed 4, GS V B 0 partial cut
-
-/** Encode a printable line as bytes (CP437/ASCII subset) + a line feed. */
-function line(text = ""): Buffer {
-  return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from(text, "ascii"), Buffer.from([LF])]);
-}
-
-/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a free-form text report (e.g. shift Z-report). */
-function renderReport(report: PrintReport): Buffer {
-  return Buffer.concat([
-    INIT,
-    ALIGN_CENTER,
-    BOLD_ON,
-    line(report.title),
-    BOLD_OFF,
-    ALIGN_LEFT,
-    line(),
-    ...report.lines.map((l) => line(l)),
-    FEED_AND_CUT,
-  ]);
-}
-
-/** Build the full ESC/POS byte stream for an entry ticket. */
-function renderTicket(data: TicketData): Buffer {
-  return Buffer.concat([
-    INIT,
-    ALIGN_CENTER,
-    BOLD_ON,
-    DOUBLE_ON,
-    line("PARKING"),
-    DOUBLE_OFF,
-    BOLD_OFF,
-    line(),
-    BOLD_ON,
-    line(data.ticketId),
-    BOLD_OFF,
-    ALIGN_LEFT,
-    line(),
-    line(`Issued: ${data.issuedAt}`),
-    FEED_AND_CUT,
-  ]);
-}
-
-/** Open a TCP socket, write the bytes, wait for flush, then close. */
-function sendRaw(host: string, port: number, payload: Buffer, timeoutMs: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const sock = new Socket();
-    let settled = false;
-    const done = (err?: Error) => {
-      if (settled) return;
-      settled = true;
-      sock.destroy();
-      err ? reject(err) : resolve();
-    };
-    sock.setTimeout(timeoutMs);
-    sock.on("timeout", () => done(new Error("timeout")));
-    sock.on("error", done);
-    sock.connect(port, host, () => {
-      sock.write(payload, (err) => (err ? done(err) : done()));
-    });
-  });
-}
-
 // --- live status via the device's own status web page -------------------------
 // The Rongta board serves /prn_stat.htm, a small HTML table where the DEVICE has
 // already decoded the ESC/POS status bits into labelled Yes/No rows. We scrape
 // that rather than send raw `DLE EOT` ourselves: on this clone the DLE EOT reply
 // bytes don't follow the canonical bit layout (verified on hardware), so trusting
 // the device's own decode is the safe choice. See printer-status-monitoring.md.
+// A clone that does NOT serve this page (e.g. the Cashino) uses its own driver
+// with a plain reachability probe — it must not pretend to report paper/cover.
 
 /** The fault flags the status page reports (a subset of PrinterStatus). */
-type StatusFlag = "coverOpen" | "cutterError" | "paperEnd" | "paperNearEnd" | "offline";
+type StatusFlag =
+  | "coverOpen"
+  | "cutterError"
+  | "paperEnd"
+  | "paperNearEnd"
+  | "offline";
 type StatusFlags = Partial<Record<StatusFlag, boolean>>;
 
 /** Label text on the status page (NBSP/space-normalised, lowercased) → our key. */
@@ -122,10 +65,20 @@ const STATUS_FIELDS: Record<string, StatusFlag> = {
 };
 
 /** GET the status page over HTTP and return the raw HTML. */
-function fetchStatusPage(host: string, httpPort: number, timeoutMs: number): Promise<string> {
+function fetchStatusPage(
+  host: string,
+  httpPort: number,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<string> {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const req = httpRequest(
-      { host, port: httpPort, path: "/prn_stat.htm", method: "GET", timeout: timeoutMs },
+      {
+        host,
+        port: httpPort,
+        path: "/prn_stat.htm",
+        method: "GET",
+        timeout: timeoutMs,
+      },
       (res) => {
         let data = "";
         res.on("data", (c) => (data += c));
@@ -154,8 +107,15 @@ function parseStatusPage(html: string): StatusFlags {
   let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
   while ((m = rowRe.exec(html))) {
     if (m[1] === undefined || m[2] === undefined) continue;
-    const label = m[1].replace(/&nbsp;/gi, " ").replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim().toLowerCase();
+    const label = m[1]
-    const value = m[2].replace(/&nbsp;/gi, " ").trim().toLowerCase();
+      .replace(/&nbsp;/gi, " ")
+      .replace(/\s+/g, " ")
+      .trim()
+      .toLowerCase();
+    const value = m[2]
+      .replace(/&nbsp;/gi, " ")
+      .trim()
+      .toLowerCase();
     const key = STATUS_FIELDS[label];
     if (key && (value === "yes" || value === "no")) {
       out[key] = value === "yes";
@@ -164,24 +124,6 @@ function parseStatusPage(html: string): StatusFlags {
   return out;
 }
 
-/** TCP connect probe — the print socket has no status protocol we rely on. */
-function probe(host: string, port: number, timeoutMs: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const sock = new Socket();
-    let settled = false;
-    const done = (err?: Error) => {
-      if (settled) return;
-      settled = true;
-      sock.destroy();
-      err ? reject(err) : resolve();
-    };
-    sock.setTimeout(timeoutMs);
-    sock.on("timeout", () => done(new Error("timeout")));
-    sock.on("error", done);
-    sock.connect(port, host, () => done());
-  });
-}
-
 class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
   readonly driverId = "rongta";
   readonly #host: string;
@@ -220,7 +162,28 @@ class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
 
   async printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void> {
     await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderReport(report), this.#timeout);
-    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed report "${report.title}" (${report.lines.length} lines)`);
+    stubLog(
+      this.driverId,
+      `printed report "${report.title}" (${report.lines.length} lines)`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  async printSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(
+      this.#host,
+      this.#port,
+      renderSubscriptionCard(data),
+      this.#timeout,
+    );
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed subscription card ${data.code}`);
+  }
+
+  async printReceipt(data: import("../interfaces.js").ReceiptData): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderReceipt(data), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(
+      this.driverId,
+      `printed ${data.voucher ? "voucher" : "receipt"} ${data.ticketId}`,
+    );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -244,7 +207,13 @@ class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
     }
 
     const flags = parseStatusPage(html);
-    const expected: StatusFlag[] = ["coverOpen", "cutterError", "paperEnd", "paperNearEnd", "offline"];
+    const expected: StatusFlag[] = [
+      "coverOpen",
+      "cutterError",
+      "paperEnd",
+      "paperNearEnd",
+      "offline",
+    ];
     const missing = expected.filter((k) => flags[k] === undefined);
     if (missing.length > 0) {
       return {
@@ -265,7 +234,8 @@ class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
     return {
       status: faults.length > 0 ? "degraded" : "ready",
       ...flags,
-      detail: faults.length > 0 ? faults.map((f) => labels[f]).join(", ") : undefined,
+      detail:
+        faults.length > 0 ? faults.map((f) => labels[f]).join(", ") : undefined,
       checkedAt,
     };
   }
@@ -281,7 +251,10 @@ const roleField: ConfigField = {
   required: true,
   default: "entry-dispenser",
   options: [
-    { value: "entry-dispenser", label: "Entry dispenser (outside / at the lane)" },
+    {
+      value: "entry-dispenser",
+      label: "Entry dispenser (outside / at the lane)",
+    },
     { value: "booth-receipt", label: "Booth printer (receipts + backup)" },
   ],
   help: "Entry tickets print on the entry dispenser, falling back to the booth printer if it is offline.",
@@ -301,15 +274,32 @@ export const rongtaDriver: PrinterDriver = {
   category: "printer",
   label: "Rongta 80mm thermal printer",
   description:
-    "Rongta RP-series 80mm thermal printer (and ESC/POS-compatible clones) over raw TCP (port 9100). No auth on the print socket — isolate the VLAN.",
+    "Rongta RP-series 80mm thermal printer (and ESC/POS-compatible clones that serve the /prn_stat.htm status page) over raw TCP (port 9100). No auth on the print socket — isolate the VLAN.",
   transports: ["tcp-ip"],
   configFields: [
     hostField,
-    { ...portField(9100), required: false, help: "Raw print socket (ESC/POS over JetDirect/RAW, default 9100)." },
+    {
-    { key: "httpPort", label: "Status web port", type: "port", required: false, default: 80, help: "Device status page (/prn_stat.htm) port for live monitoring (default 80)." },
+      ...portField(9100),
+      required: false,
+      help: "Raw print socket (ESC/POS over JetDirect/RAW, default 9100).",
+    },
+    {
+      key: "httpPort",
+      label: "Status web port",
+      type: "port",
+      required: false,
+      default: 80,
+      help: "Device status page (/prn_stat.htm) port for live monitoring (default 80).",
+    },
     roleField,
     rankField,
-    { key: "timeoutMs", label: "Timeout (ms)", type: "number", required: false, default: 3000 },
+    {
+      key: "timeoutMs",
+      label: "Timeout (ms)",
+      type: "number",
+      required: false,
+      default: 3000,
+    },
   ],
   create: (c) => new RongtaPrinter(c),
 };

packages/devices/src/index.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export {
   hikvisionDriver,
   dahuaDriver,
   rongtaDriver,
+  cashinoDriver,
 } from "./drivers/index.js";
 export { isPrinter, type PrinterRole } from "./drivers/printer-rongta.js";
 export {

packages/devices/src/interfaces.ts

@@ -190,9 +190,61 @@ export interface Snapshot {
 }
 
 // --- Printers (ticket dispenser / booth printer) -------------------------
+/** Optional park identity printed at the top of a ticket/receipt. All fields
+ *  optional — the driver prints only what's set. Sourced from site_config; an
+ *  Albanian parking receipt commonly must show the park name + NIUS. */
+export interface TicketHeader {
+  readonly parkName?: string | null;
+  readonly operatorName?: string | null;
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number. */
+  readonly nius?: string | null;
+  readonly address?: string | null;
+  readonly phone?: string | null;
+}
+
 export interface TicketData {
   readonly ticketId: string;
   readonly issuedAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  /** Park identity for the header. Absent → driver prints the generic "PARKING". */
+  readonly header?: TicketHeader;
+}
+
+/** A PAYMENT RECEIPT handed to the customer after a completed payment — the
+ *  transparency record: when they entered, when they paid, how long they stayed,
+ *  and how much they paid. Printed in two modes (see `voucher`):
+ *   - voucher mode: ALSO carries the scannable ticket-id barcode + the walk-back
+ *     grace window, so the same slip both proves payment AND self-exits at a
+ *     distant exit reader (replaces the old barcode-only voucher);
+ *   - standalone mode: detail-only (no barcode), printed at payment when the booth
+ *     is at the exit and no voucher is issued.
+ *  Money is integer MINOR units + an ISO-4217 currency (never a float) — the
+ *  driver formats it. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md, tariff.md. */
+export interface ReceiptData {
+  readonly ticketId: string;
+  readonly enteredAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  readonly paidAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  readonly amountMinor: number;
+  readonly currency: string; // ISO-4217 (e.g. "ALL")
+  readonly tender: "cash" | "card";
+  /** Voucher mode: print the scannable barcode + emphasise the walk-back grace. */
+  readonly voucher: boolean;
+  /** Minutes the customer has to reach the exit after paying (voucher mode only). */
+  readonly graceExitMin?: number | null;
+  readonly header?: TicketHeader;
+}
+
+/** A subscription card: the customer's keepsake, printed at the booth on creation
+ *  (and re-printable). The driver renders the `code` as a SCANNABLE QR (the
+ *  subscriber scans it every entry/exit) plus the code as text + the holder/validity.
+ *  See wiki/entities/subscription.md. */
+export interface SubscriptionCardData {
+  /** The credential value to encode in the QR (e.g. "SUB-…"). */
+  readonly code: string;
+  readonly holderName?: string | null;
+  /** Coverage window, for the printed card (human-readable already, or ISO). */
+  readonly validFrom?: string | null;
+  readonly validTo?: string | null;
+  readonly header?: TicketHeader;
 }
 
 export interface PrinterDevice extends Device {
@@ -201,6 +253,12 @@ export interface PrinterDevice extends Device {
    *  printed as-is; the driver adds a header/cut. Kept generic so the business
    *  layer composes the content. See wiki/concepts/shift.md. */
   printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void>;
+  /** Print a subscription card: a scannable QR of the code + holder/validity. */
+  printSubscriptionCard(data: SubscriptionCardData): Promise<void>;
+  /** Print a payment receipt (transparency: entry/paid/duration/amount). In
+   *  voucher mode it also carries the ticket-id barcode + grace window so it
+   *  doubles as the self-exit voucher. See ReceiptData. */
+  printReceipt(data: ReceiptData): Promise<void>;
 }
 
 export interface PrintReport {

packages/shared/package.json

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
     "build": "tsc -b",
     "dev": "tsc -b --watch",
     "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
-    "lint": "tsc --noEmit"
+    "lint": "tsc --noEmit",
+    "test": "vitest run"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "typescript": "6.0.3"
+    "typescript": "6.0.3",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.9"
   }
 }

packages/shared/src/index.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,61 @@
 // and exit events are never edited or deleted — a "void" is itself an appended
 // event. See wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md.
 
-export type Role = "admin" | "operator" | "cashier" | "readonly";
+// --- Authorization: dynamic RBAC (resource × CRUD permissions) ---------------
+// Roles are DATA (admin-composable rows in the DB), not a hardcoded enum. A role
+// is a named bundle of PERMISSIONS; a permission is a `resource:action` pair drawn
+// from the code-defined grid below. Route guards check a permission, never a role
+// name. A built-in, locked `admin` role (id ADMIN_ROLE_ID) always holds every
+// permission, so administration can never be locked out. See
+// wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md and the RBAC plan.
+
+/** The resources permissions are scoped to (code-defined; roles/assignments are data). */
+export const RESOURCES = [
+  "user", // manage operators/cashiers + reset password
+  "role", // compose roles + assign permissions
+  "tariff", // read / publish a new version
+  "subscription", // the subscription registry
+  "site", // site_config + device setup/assign
+  "device", // device status / printers / snapshots / catalog
+  "shift", // open/close own shift; move the drawer float
+  "payment", // take payment, quote, voucher/receipt, exit, reopen
+  "session", // active sessions, lookup
+  "event", // the signed ledger feed + void
+  "report", // events feed, occupancy, future reports
+] as const;
+export type Resource = (typeof RESOURCES)[number];
+
+/** CRUD plus two domain verbs where CRUD doesn't fit: `void` (append a void event,
+ *  NOT a delete) and `cash` (move the drawer float — an admin-grade shift action). */
+export type Action = "create" | "read" | "update" | "delete" | "void" | "cash";
+
+/** A single permission, e.g. "tariff:update". The route guard checks one of these. */
+export type Permission = `${Resource}:${Action}`;
+
+/** The complete, code-defined permission grid. Only these strings are checkable by
+ *  a guard — an admin composes roles by selecting from this set. Preserves today's
+ *  exact authz semantics (e.g. void split from read; shift cash split from open). */
+export const PERMISSIONS: readonly Permission[] = [
+  "user:create", "user:read", "user:update", "user:delete",
+  "role:create", "role:read", "role:update", "role:delete",
+  "tariff:read", "tariff:update",
+  "subscription:read", "subscription:create", "subscription:update", "subscription:delete",
+  "site:read", "site:update",
+  "device:read",
+  "shift:read", "shift:create", "shift:cash",
+  "payment:read", "payment:create",
+  "session:read",
+  "event:read", "event:void",
+  "report:read",
+] as const;
+
+/** The protected built-in role: non-deletable, non-editable, always = ALL
+ *  permissions. At least one user must always hold it (no-lockout invariant). */
+export const ADMIN_ROLE_ID = "admin";
+
+/** Transitional alias. Roles are now DB rows keyed by a string id; `Role` is kept
+ *  as `string` so any not-yet-migrated reference still compiles. */
+export type Role = string;
 
 export type Direction = "entry" | "exit";
 
@@ -52,6 +106,10 @@ export type LedgerEventType =
   // with a takings summary (shift_z_report). See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
   | "shift_open"
   | "shift_z_report"
+  // Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash (the float). Signed payload:
+  // { amountMinor (signed: + load, − removal), reason, currency, operator }.
+  // Folds into the drawer balance carried across shifts. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  | "cash_movement"
   | "anomaly";
 
 /** How money was tendered (for payment events + the shift Z-report). */
@@ -81,6 +139,9 @@ export interface LedgerPayload {
   /** plate/vehicle from the vision service (advisory). */
   readonly plate?: string;
   readonly plateConfidence?: number;
+  /** vehicle_entry: the vehicle/customer category, frozen at entry so V2 category
+   *  pricing reprices identically at exit. Absent on legacy entries (= default). */
+  readonly category?: string;
   /** Free-form for forward-compat without a schema change. */
   readonly [k: string]: unknown;
 }
@@ -89,11 +150,22 @@ export interface LedgerPayload {
 export type DeviceEventKind = "input" | "relay" | "status" | "read" | "snapshot";
 
 /**
- * The composable rate card stored in a tariff_version.structure. Pure data the
+ * The composable rate card stored in a tariff_version.structure.
- * fee function interprets — no rates in code. Stepped duration blocks + caps/grace;
+ *
- * a flat rate is just one block. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+ * Two shapes, a discriminated union (see TariffStructure):
+ *  - V1 (TariffStructureV1): a single block ladder + cap/grace at the top level —
+ *    the original shape. Bare structures with no `defaultCard` are V1 and price
+ *    via the verbatim V1 algorithm, UNCHANGED. The one live production version is
+ *    V1 and must keep pricing identically.
+ *  - V2 (TariffStructureV2): a default card + optional WINDOWED cards selected by
+ *    wall-clock time-of-day / day-of-week / date and/or vehicle category, each card
+ *    a flat rate OR a block ladder. Adds the legacy ParkSQL2017 pricing breadth on
+ *    top of integer-minor-unit money + immutable versions. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md
+ *    and wiki/concepts/tariff-time-tiers.md.
+ *
+ * Pure data the fee function interprets — no rates in code, integer minor units.
  */
-export interface TariffStructure {
+export interface TariffStructureV1 {
   /** Free if exited within this (drop-off/turnaround). */
   readonly gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
   /** Billing granularity; partial increments round UP. */
@@ -116,6 +188,74 @@ export interface TariffBlock {
   readonly priceMinorPerIncrement: number;
 }
 
+/** A wall-clock activation window for a V2 card. All parts are AND-ed; an absent
+ *  part is unconstrained. Evaluated in the version's frozen tz. */
+export interface TariffWindow {
+  /** Days-of-week this card is active (0=Sun..6=Sat), local to tz. Absent/empty = every day. */
+  readonly dow?: readonly number[];
+  /** Inclusive local date window "YYYY-MM-DD" (seasonal/holiday). Absent = unbounded that side. */
+  readonly dateFrom?: string;
+  readonly dateTo?: string;
+  /** Local hour-of-day window "HH:MM". `toHour <= fromHour` means it WRAPS past
+   *  midnight (e.g. 22:00→06:00 night rate). Absent pair = all day. */
+  readonly fromHour?: string;
+  readonly toHour?: string;
+}
+
+/** A V2 pricing card: a flat rate OR a stepped block ladder (with its own cap).
+ *  `flatMinor` and `blocks` are mutually exclusive. The defaultCard has no window. */
+export interface TariffCard {
+  /** Human label (also the final, deterministic precedence tiebreak). */
+  readonly name: string;
+  /** Integer precedence tiebreak among equally-specific cards; higher wins. */
+  readonly priority: number;
+  /** Vehicle/customer category this card prices. Absent = applies to all categories. */
+  readonly category?: string;
+  /** Wall-clock activation window. Absent only on the defaultCard (always active). */
+  readonly window?: TariffWindow;
+  /** Flat price per billing increment (mutually exclusive with `blocks`). */
+  readonly flatMinor?: number;
+  /** Stepped ladder (mutually exclusive with `flatMinor`); last block open-ended. */
+  readonly blocks?: readonly TariffBlock[];
+  /** Cap per rolling 24h for THIS card's ladder. Only the defaultCard's cap governs
+   *  a mixed day (see computeFeeV2). null = no cap. */
+  readonly dailyCapMinor?: number | null;
+}
+
+export interface TariffStructureV2 {
+  /** Schema marker; presence of `defaultCard` is the real discriminant. */
+  readonly version: 2;
+  /** IANA zone the wall-clock windows are evaluated in, FROZEN in the version for
+   *  reproducibility — never read from the host clock. Copied from site config on
+   *  publish (default "Europe/Tirane"). */
+  readonly tz: string;
+  // --- shared billing knobs (same meaning as V1) ---
+  readonly gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
+  readonly incrementMin: number;
+  readonly lostTicketMinor: number;
+  readonly gracePeriodExitMin: number;
+  readonly overstay: "reprice";
+  /** The always-applicable fallback (no window). Its dailyCapMinor governs the day. */
+  readonly defaultCard: TariffCard;
+  /** Ordered, optional windowed/category cards. Absent/empty ⇒ behaves like V1. */
+  readonly windowedCards?: readonly TariffCard[];
+}
+
+/** The stored/wire type: legacy-bare V1 or windowed V2. computeFee + validate accept
+ *  both; the discriminant is the presence of `defaultCard`. */
+export type TariffStructure = TariffStructureV1 | TariffStructureV2;
+
+/** True when a structure is the windowed V2 shape (has a defaultCard). */
+export function isTariffV2(t: TariffStructure): t is TariffStructureV2 {
+  return (t as TariffStructureV2).defaultCard != null;
+}
+
+/** The vehicle/customer category assigned to a transient entry when none is captured
+ *  (every transient today). A V2 card with no `category` applies to all; a card WITH a
+ *  category only applies to a matching session — so the default routes to the
+ *  category-agnostic + default cards. See wiki/concepts/tariff-time-tiers.md. */
+export const DEFAULT_VEHICLE_CATEGORY = "default";
+
 /**
  * Compute the parking fee (integer minor units) for a stay, from a TariffStructure.
  * PURE + deterministic + offline — the pay station calls it with asOf = now; the
@@ -131,7 +271,18 @@ export function computeFee(
   enteredAt: string,
   asOf: string,
   tariff: TariffStructure,
+  category?: string,
 ): number {
+  return isTariffV2(tariff)
+    ? computeFeeV2(enteredAt, asOf, tariff, category)
+    : computeFeeV1(enteredAt, asOf, tariff);
+}
+
+/** The original (V1) fee algorithm — a single block ladder, no wall-clock. Kept
+ *  VERBATIM so bare/legacy structures (incl. the live production version) price
+ *  identically. Do not "unify" this into the V2 path: a rounding divergence would
+ *  corrupt repricing of already-signed sessions. */
+function computeFeeV1(enteredAt: string, asOf: string, tariff: TariffStructureV1): number {
   const ms = Date.parse(asOf) - Date.parse(enteredAt);
   if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return 0;
   const rawMinutes = ms / 60_000;
@@ -157,49 +308,251 @@ export function computeFee(
   return total;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The V2 fee algorithm — adds wall-clock time-of-day / day-of-week / date windows
+ * and vehicle-category cards on top of the V1 ladder. PURE + integer + deterministic
+ * (the signed ledger reprices against this; reproducibility is mandatory).
+ *
+ * Two decoupled clocks: ELAPSED minutes advance the block-ladder position (continuous
+ * across card switches — a happy-hour boundary mid-stay does NOT reset the ladder);
+ * WALL-CLOCK time (in the version's frozen tz) selects which card's rate applies to
+ * each increment. Stepping one increment at a time and re-selecting the card makes the
+ * boundary slicing implicit. The DEFAULT card's dailyCap governs each rolling-24h day
+ * (a windowed card lowers the rate but never the day ceiling). See tariff-time-tiers.md.
+ */
+function computeFeeV2(
+  enteredAt: string,
+  asOf: string,
+  tariff: TariffStructureV2,
+  category?: string,
+): number {
+  const enteredMs = Date.parse(enteredAt);
+  const ms = Date.parse(asOf) - enteredMs;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return 0;
+  const rawMinutes = ms / 60_000;
+  if (rawMinutes <= tariff.gracePeriodEntryMin) return 0; // grace on RAW duration (V1 rule)
+  const inc = Math.max(1, tariff.incrementMin);
+  const minutes = Math.ceil(rawMinutes / inc) * inc; // round UP (V1 rule)
+
+  // Cards in contention: the default plus any windowed card matching the category.
+  // (A card with no `category` applies to all; one with a category applies only to
+  // a matching session.) The defaultCard always matches and is the fallback.
+  const cards = [
+    tariff.defaultCard,
+    ...(tariff.windowedCards ?? []).filter((c) => c.category == null || c.category === category),
+  ];
+  const dayCap = tariff.defaultCard.dailyCapMinor ?? null;
+
+  const DAY = 24 * 60;
+  let total = 0;
+  for (let segStart = 0; segStart < minutes; segStart += DAY) {
+    const segEnd = Math.min(segStart + DAY, minutes);
+    let segFee = 0;
+    for (let within = segStart; within < segEnd; within += inc) {
+      const wall = localBreakdown(enteredMs + within * 60_000, tariff.tz);
+      const card = selectCard(cards, wall);
+      if (card.flatMinor != null) {
+        segFee += card.flatMinor;
+      } else {
+        // Ladder position = minutes into THIS rolling-24h day (resets each day, V1 rule).
+        segFee += rateAt(card.blocks ?? [], within - segStart);
+      }
+    }
+    if (dayCap != null) segFee = Math.min(segFee, dayCap);
+    total += segFee;
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+
 /**
  * Validate an admin-authored tariff structure. Returns [] if valid, else a list
  * of human-readable problems. Pure — used by the composer route (and any caller)
  * so a malformed rate card can never be published. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
  */
 export function validateTariffStructure(s: unknown): string[] {
-  const errs: string[] = [];
   if (!s || typeof s !== "object") return ["structure must be an object"];
-  const t = s as Partial<TariffStructure>;
+  // Discriminate: a `defaultCard` ⇒ the windowed V2 shape; otherwise legacy bare V1.
+  // The V1 branch is kept byte-identical (same messages) so the live version still
+  // validates the same on any future republish.
+  return (s as Partial<TariffStructureV2>).defaultCard != null
+    ? validateTariffV2(s as Partial<TariffStructureV2>)
+    : validateTariffV1(s as Partial<TariffStructureV1>);
+}
 
-  const nonNegInt = (v: unknown, label: string) => {
+function nonNegInt(v: unknown, label: string, errs: string[]): void {
   if (typeof v !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(v) || v < 0) errs.push(`${label} must be a non-negative integer`);
-  };
+}
-  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodEntryMin, "gracePeriodEntryMin");
-  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodExitMin, "gracePeriodExitMin");
-  nonNegInt(t.lostTicketMinor, "lostTicketMinor");
-  if (typeof t.incrementMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(t.incrementMin) || t.incrementMin < 1) {
-    errs.push("incrementMin must be a positive integer");
-  }
-  if (t.dailyCapMinor != null) nonNegInt(t.dailyCapMinor, "dailyCapMinor");
-  if (t.overstay !== "reprice") errs.push('overstay must be "reprice"');
 
-  if (!Array.isArray(t.blocks) || t.blocks.length === 0) {
+/** Validate the block ladder (ascending bounds, open-ended last). `prefix` labels
-    errs.push("blocks must be a non-empty array");
+ *  errors (e.g. "blocks" or "defaultCard.blocks"). Shared by V1 + V2. */
-  } else {
+function validateBlocks(blocks: unknown, prefix: string, errs: string[]): void {
+  if (!Array.isArray(blocks) || blocks.length === 0) {
+    errs.push(`${prefix} must be a non-empty array`);
+    return;
+  }
   let prevBound = 0;
-    t.blocks.forEach((b, i) => {
+  blocks.forEach((b: Partial<TariffBlock>, i: number) => {
-      const last = i === t.blocks!.length - 1;
+    const last = i === blocks.length - 1;
-      nonNegInt(b?.priceMinorPerIncrement, `blocks[${i}].priceMinorPerIncrement`);
+    nonNegInt(b?.priceMinorPerIncrement, `${prefix}[${i}].priceMinorPerIncrement`, errs);
     if (b?.uptoMin == null) {
-        if (!last) errs.push(`blocks[${i}] is open-ended (uptoMin null) but not last`);
+      if (!last) errs.push(`${prefix}[${i}] is open-ended (uptoMin null) but not last`);
-      } else {
+    } else if (typeof b.uptoMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(b.uptoMin) || b.uptoMin <= prevBound) {
-        if (typeof b.uptoMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(b.uptoMin) || b.uptoMin <= prevBound) {
+      errs.push(`${prefix}[${i}].uptoMin must be an integer greater than the previous block's bound (${prevBound})`);
-          errs.push(`blocks[${i}].uptoMin must be an integer greater than the previous block's bound (${prevBound})`);
     } else {
       prevBound = b.uptoMin;
     }
-      }
   });
+  // The LAST block must be open-ended (uptoMin null) so the "thereafter" rate is
+  // always explicit — a bounded final block silently inherits its own rate past its
+  // bound (a hidden, never-stated price). See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+  const lastBlock = (blocks as Partial<TariffBlock>[])[blocks.length - 1];
+  if (lastBlock && lastBlock.uptoMin != null) {
+    errs.push(
+      prefix === "blocks"
+        ? "the last block must be open-ended (uptoMin: null) — the thereafter-rate must be stated explicitly"
+        : `${prefix}: the last block must be open-ended (uptoMin: null) — the thereafter-rate must be stated explicitly`,
+    );
   }
+}
+
+function validateTariffV1(t: Partial<TariffStructureV1>): string[] {
+  const errs: string[] = [];
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodEntryMin, "gracePeriodEntryMin", errs);
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodExitMin, "gracePeriodExitMin", errs);
+  nonNegInt(t.lostTicketMinor, "lostTicketMinor", errs);
+  if (typeof t.incrementMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(t.incrementMin) || t.incrementMin < 1) {
+    errs.push("incrementMin must be a positive integer");
+  }
+  if (t.dailyCapMinor != null) nonNegInt(t.dailyCapMinor, "dailyCapMinor", errs);
+  if (t.overstay !== "reprice") errs.push('overstay must be "reprice"');
+  validateBlocks(t.blocks, "blocks", errs);
   return errs;
 }
 
+const HHMM = /^([01]\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\d$/;
+const YMD = /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/;
+
+/** Validate one V2 card's pricing body (flat XOR ladder) + window. */
+function validateCard(c: Partial<TariffCard> | undefined, label: string, isDefault: boolean, errs: string[]): void {
+  if (!c || typeof c !== "object") {
+    errs.push(`${label} must be an object`);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (typeof c.name !== "string" || c.name.length === 0) errs.push(`${label}.name is required`);
+  if (typeof c.priority !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(c.priority)) errs.push(`${label}.priority must be an integer`);
+
+  const hasFlat = c.flatMinor != null;
+  const hasBlocks = c.blocks != null;
+  if (hasFlat === hasBlocks) {
+    errs.push(`${label} must set exactly one of flatMinor or blocks`);
+  } else if (hasFlat) {
+    nonNegInt(c.flatMinor, `${label}.flatMinor`, errs);
+    if (c.dailyCapMinor != null) errs.push(`${label}: dailyCapMinor applies to a block ladder, not a flat rate`);
+  } else {
+    validateBlocks(c.blocks, `${label}.blocks`, errs);
+    if (c.dailyCapMinor != null) nonNegInt(c.dailyCapMinor, `${label}.dailyCapMinor`, errs);
+  }
+
+  if (isDefault) {
+    if (c.window != null) errs.push("defaultCard must not have a window (it is the always-active fallback)");
+    if (c.category != null) errs.push("defaultCard must not have a category (it is the catch-all)");
+  } else {
+    validateWindow(c.window, `${label}.window`, errs);
+    if (c.category != null && (typeof c.category !== "string" || c.category.length === 0)) {
+      errs.push(`${label}.category must be a non-empty string when present`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function validateWindow(w: Partial<TariffWindow> | undefined, label: string, errs: string[]): void {
+  if (w == null) return; // a windowed card with no window = always-on tier (allowed)
+  if (w.dow != null) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(w.dow) || w.dow.some((d) => !Number.isInteger(d) || d < 0 || d > 6)) {
+      errs.push(`${label}.dow must be integers 0-6 (0=Sun)`);
+    }
+  }
+  const hasFrom = w.fromHour != null;
+  const hasTo = w.toHour != null;
+  if (hasFrom !== hasTo) errs.push(`${label}: fromHour and toHour must be set together`);
+  if (hasFrom && hasTo) {
+    if (!HHMM.test(w.fromHour!)) errs.push(`${label}.fromHour must be "HH:MM"`);
+    if (!HHMM.test(w.toHour!)) errs.push(`${label}.toHour must be "HH:MM"`);
+    // toHour <= fromHour is allowed (overnight wrap) — not an error.
+  }
+  if (w.dateFrom != null && !YMD.test(w.dateFrom)) errs.push(`${label}.dateFrom must be "YYYY-MM-DD"`);
+  if (w.dateTo != null && !YMD.test(w.dateTo)) errs.push(`${label}.dateTo must be "YYYY-MM-DD"`);
+  if (w.dateFrom != null && w.dateTo != null && YMD.test(w.dateFrom) && YMD.test(w.dateTo) && w.dateFrom > w.dateTo) {
+    errs.push(`${label}.dateFrom must be ≤ dateTo`);
+  }
+}
+
+function validateTariffV2(t: Partial<TariffStructureV2>): string[] {
+  const errs: string[] = [];
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodEntryMin, "gracePeriodEntryMin", errs);
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodExitMin, "gracePeriodExitMin", errs);
+  nonNegInt(t.lostTicketMinor, "lostTicketMinor", errs);
+  if (typeof t.incrementMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(t.incrementMin) || t.incrementMin < 1) {
+    errs.push("incrementMin must be a positive integer");
+  }
+  if (t.overstay !== "reprice") errs.push('overstay must be "reprice"');
+
+  const cards = t.windowedCards ?? [];
+  // tz is required once there are windowed cards (wall-clock is meaningless without it).
+  if (cards.length > 0 && (typeof t.tz !== "string" || t.tz.length === 0)) {
+    errs.push("tz (IANA timezone) is required when windowedCards are present");
+  }
+
+  validateCard(t.defaultCard, "defaultCard", true, errs);
+  if (!Array.isArray(t.windowedCards) && t.windowedCards != null) {
+    errs.push("windowedCards must be an array");
+  } else {
+    cards.forEach((c, i) => validateCard(c, `windowedCards[${i}]`, false, errs));
+  }
+
+  // Precedence determinism: reject two cards (same category bucket) that tie on
+  // (specificity, priority) with overlapping windows — the operator must break the
+  // tie with priority rather than relying silently on the name tiebreak.
+  detectAmbiguousPrecedence(cards, errs);
+  return errs;
+}
+
+/** Flag pairs of windowed cards that could BOTH be the precedence winner for some
+ *  instant (same category bucket, equal specificity + priority, overlapping windows).
+ *  Conservative overlap test; false positives are safer than a silent tie. */
+function detectAmbiguousPrecedence(cards: readonly Partial<TariffCard>[], errs: string[]): void {
+  for (let i = 0; i < cards.length; i++) {
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < cards.length; j++) {
+      const a = cards[i]!;
+      const b = cards[j]!;
+      if ((a.category ?? null) !== (b.category ?? null)) continue;
+      if (a.priority !== b.priority) continue;
+      const sa = specificity(a as TariffCard);
+      const sb = specificity(b as TariffCard);
+      if (sa[0] !== sb[0] || sa[1] !== sb[1] || sa[2] !== sb[2]) continue;
+      if (windowsOverlap(a.window, b.window)) {
+        errs.push(
+          `windowedCards "${a.name ?? i}" and "${b.name ?? j}" are equally specific with the same priority and overlapping windows — give one a higher priority to break the tie`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Conservative window-overlap: true unless a dimension provably disjoints them. */
+function windowsOverlap(a: TariffWindow | undefined, b: TariffWindow | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!a || !b) return true; // an unconstrained window overlaps anything
+  // dow: disjoint only if both constrain dow and share no day.
+  if (a.dow && a.dow.length && b.dow && b.dow.length && !a.dow.some((d) => b.dow!.includes(d))) return false;
+  // date: disjoint only if both fully bounded and ranges don't intersect.
+  if (a.dateFrom && a.dateTo && b.dateFrom && b.dateTo && (a.dateTo < b.dateFrom || b.dateTo < a.dateFrom)) return false;
+  // hour: disjoint only if both have non-wrapping ranges that don't intersect.
+  if (a.fromHour && a.toHour && b.fromHour && b.toHour) {
+    const af = hourToMin(a.fromHour), at = hourToMin(a.toHour), bf = hourToMin(b.fromHour), bt = hourToMin(b.toHour);
+    if (at > af && bt > bf && (at <= bf || bt <= af)) return false; // both non-wrapping & disjoint
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 /** Price of the increment that starts at `cumulativeMin` — the block whose range
  *  [prevUpto, uptoMin) contains it; the open-ended (uptoMin=null) block catches the rest. */
 function rateAt(blocks: readonly TariffBlock[], cumulativeMin: number): number {
@@ -213,12 +566,130 @@ function rateAt(blocks: readonly TariffBlock[], cumulativeMin: number): number {
   return blocks.length ? blocks[blocks.length - 1]!.priceMinorPerIncrement : 0;
 }
 
-export const ROLES: readonly Role[] = [
+// --- V2 wall-clock helpers (pure, deterministic given the frozen tz) ----------
-  "admin",
+
-  "operator",
+/** Wall-clock breakdown of an instant in a fixed IANA tz. Pure: the same (instant,
-  "cashier",
+ *  tz) always yields the same result (tz is frozen in the tariff version, never the
-  "readonly",
+ *  host). Uses Intl.DateTimeFormat — handles DST for the named zone. */
-] as const;
+export interface WallClock {
+  readonly y: number;
+  readonly mo: number; // 1-12
+  readonly d: number; // 1-31
+  readonly hour: number; // 0-23
+  readonly minute: number; // 0-59
+  readonly dow: number; // 0=Sun..6=Sat
+}
+
+const DOW_INDEX: Record<string, number> = { Sun: 0, Mon: 1, Tue: 2, Wed: 3, Thu: 4, Fri: 5, Sat: 6 };
+
+export function localBreakdown(instantMs: number, tz: string): WallClock {
+  const fmt = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-US", {
+    timeZone: tz,
+    year: "numeric",
+    month: "2-digit",
+    day: "2-digit",
+    hour: "2-digit",
+    minute: "2-digit",
+    hourCycle: "h23",
+    weekday: "short",
+  });
+  const parts = fmt.formatToParts(new Date(instantMs));
+  const get = (t: string) => parts.find((p) => p.type === t)?.value ?? "";
+  return {
+    y: Number(get("year")),
+    mo: Number(get("month")),
+    d: Number(get("day")),
+    hour: Number(get("hour")),
+    minute: Number(get("minute")),
+    dow: DOW_INDEX[get("weekday")] ?? 0,
+  };
+}
+
+/** "HH:MM" → minutes-of-day (0-1439). Invalid → NaN (validation rejects those). */
+function hourToMin(hhmm: string): number {
+  const m = /^(\d{2}):(\d{2})$/.exec(hhmm);
+  if (!m) return NaN;
+  return Number(m[1]) * 60 + Number(m[2]);
+}
+
+/** "YYYY-MM-DD" → comparable integer YYYYMMDD. */
+function dateKey(w: WallClock): number {
+  return w.y * 10000 + w.mo * 100 + w.d;
+}
+function isoDateKey(iso: string): number {
+  const m = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/.exec(iso);
+  return m ? Number(m[1]) * 10000 + Number(m[2]) * 100 + Number(m[3]) : NaN;
+}
+
+/** Does a card's window cover this wall-clock instant? Absent parts are unconstrained;
+ *  an absent window (defaultCard) always matches. An hour range with `toHour <= fromHour`
+ *  is an overnight wrap (active when hour ≥ fromHour OR hour < toHour). */
+function matchesWindow(w: TariffWindow | undefined, wall: WallClock): boolean {
+  if (!w) return true;
+  if (w.dow && w.dow.length > 0 && !w.dow.includes(wall.dow)) return false;
+  if (w.dateFrom != null && dateKey(wall) < isoDateKey(w.dateFrom)) return false;
+  if (w.dateTo != null && dateKey(wall) > isoDateKey(w.dateTo)) return false;
+  if (w.fromHour != null && w.toHour != null) {
+    const from = hourToMin(w.fromHour);
+    const to = hourToMin(w.toHour);
+    const now = wall.hour * 60 + wall.minute;
+    if (to <= from) {
+      // overnight wrap, e.g. 22:00→06:00
+      if (!(now >= from || now < to)) return false;
+    } else {
+      if (!(now >= from && now < to)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** Specificity tuple (date, dow, hour) — more constrained windows win. Higher is
+ *  more specific; compared lexicographically. */
+function specificity(c: TariffCard): [number, number, number] {
+  const w = c.window;
+  const hasDate = w != null && (w.dateFrom != null || w.dateTo != null) ? 1 : 0;
+  const hasDow = w != null && w.dow != null && w.dow.length > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+  const hasHour = w != null && w.fromHour != null && w.toHour != null ? 1 : 0;
+  return [hasDate, hasDow, hasHour];
+}
+
+/** Pick the single active card for a wall-clock instant from the candidate cards
+ *  (default + category-matched). TOTAL + order-independent: most-specific wins, then
+ *  higher `priority`, then `name` lexicographically as the final deterministic tiebreak
+ *  (never array index). The defaultCard has specificity (0,0,0) so it only wins when
+ *  nothing more specific matches. */
+function selectCard(cards: readonly TariffCard[], wall: WallClock): TariffCard {
+  let best: TariffCard | undefined;
+  let bestSpec: [number, number, number] = [-1, -1, -1];
+  for (const c of cards) {
+    if (!matchesWindow(c.window, wall)) continue;
+    const spec = specificity(c);
+    if (best === undefined || compareCard(spec, c, bestSpec, best) > 0) {
+      best = c;
+      bestSpec = spec;
+    }
+  }
+  // The defaultCard always matches, so `best` is never undefined in practice; the
+  // fallback keeps the function total even for a pathological empty card list.
+  return best ?? cards[0]!;
+}
+
+/** Order: specificity desc, then priority desc, then name asc. Returns >0 if (specA,a)
+ *  should beat (specB,b). */
+function compareCard(
+  specA: [number, number, number],
+  a: TariffCard,
+  specB: [number, number, number],
+  b: TariffCard,
+): number {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    if (specA[i]! !== specB[i]!) return specA[i]! - specB[i]!;
+  }
+  if (a.priority !== b.priority) return a.priority - b.priority;
+  // Name as the final, total tiebreak. Lower name wins → invert so >0 means a beats b.
+  if (a.name !== b.name) return a.name < b.name ? 1 : -1;
+  return 0;
+}
 
 /**
  * Signs the canonical bytes of an event for the append-only chain. This is the

packages/shared/src/tariff.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import {
+  computeFee,
+  validateTariffStructure,
+  type TariffStructureV1,
+  type TariffStructureV2,
+  type TariffCard,
+} from "./index.js";
+
+const entered = "2026-06-18T00:00:00.000Z";
+const at = (min: number) => new Date(Date.parse(entered) + min * 60_000).toISOString();
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// (a) GOLDEN V1 regression — the live production structure must reprice to these
+// exact integers. Captured from the pre-V2 engine. This is the most important
+// test: it proves a signed historical session reprices identically.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const liveV1: TariffStructureV1 = {
+  gracePeriodEntryMin: 5,
+  incrementMin: 60,
+  blocks: [
+    { uptoMin: 60, priceMinorPerIncrement: 20000 },
+    { uptoMin: 180, priceMinorPerIncrement: 10000 },
+  ],
+  dailyCapMinor: 100000,
+  lostTicketMinor: 100000,
+  gracePeriodExitMin: 5,
+  overstay: "reprice",
+};
+
+describe("V1 golden regression", () => {
+  const golden: Record<number, number> = {
+    3: 0, 30: 20000, 60: 20000, 61: 30000, 120: 30000, 180: 40000,
+    181: 50000, 240: 50000, 1440: 100000, 1500: 120000, 2880: 200000,
+  };
+  for (const [min, want] of Object.entries(golden)) {
+    it(`${min} min → ${want}`, () => {
+      expect(computeFee(entered, at(Number(min)), liveV1)).toBe(want);
+    });
+  }
+  it("a V1 structure ignores the category argument", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), liveV1, "bus")).toBe(30000);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// V2 building blocks
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const ladder = (open: number, first?: { uptoMin: number; rate: number }) =>
+  first
+    ? [{ uptoMin: first.uptoMin, priceMinorPerIncrement: first.rate }, { uptoMin: null, priceMinorPerIncrement: open }]
+    : [{ uptoMin: null, priceMinorPerIncrement: open }];
+
+const defaultCard: TariffCard = {
+  name: "default",
+  priority: 0,
+  blocks: ladder(20000), // flat 200/h ladder (open-ended)
+  dailyCapMinor: null,
+};
+
+function v2(windowedCards: TariffCard[], tz = "Europe/Tirane", over: Partial<TariffStructureV2> = {}): TariffStructureV2 {
+  return {
+    version: 2,
+    tz,
+    gracePeriodEntryMin: 5,
+    incrementMin: 60,
+    lostTicketMinor: 100000,
+    gracePeriodExitMin: 5,
+    overstay: "reprice",
+    defaultCard,
+    windowedCards,
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("V2 back-compat: a V2 with no windowed cards prices like its default ladder", () => {
+  it("default-only V2 == equivalent V1", () => {
+    const s = v2([]);
+    // 200/h flat ladder, 3h
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(180), s)).toBe(60000);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 time-of-day window (happy hour)", () => {
+  // Tirane is UTC+2 in June (DST). entered 00:00Z = 02:00 local.
+  // Happy hour 04:00–06:00 local = 02:00–04:00Z. Default 200/h, happy 50/h.
+  const happy: TariffCard = {
+    name: "happy",
+    priority: 10,
+    window: { fromHour: "04:00", toHour: "06:00" },
+    blocks: ladder(5000),
+  };
+  const s = v2([happy]);
+  it("a stay crossing into happy hour bills each increment by its wall-clock card", () => {
+    // 0-120min elapsed = local 02:00-04:00 (default 200/h ×2 = 400),
+    // 120-240min = local 04:00-06:00 (happy 50/h ×2 = 100). Total 500 = 50000.
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(240), s)).toBe(50000);
+  });
+  it("a stay entirely before happy hour is all default", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), s)).toBe(40000); // 2h × 200
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 overnight wrap window", () => {
+  // night 22:00→06:00 local (wraps midnight), cheap 50/h.
+  const night: TariffCard = {
+    name: "night",
+    priority: 10,
+    window: { fromHour: "22:00", toHour: "06:00" },
+    blocks: ladder(5000),
+  };
+  const s = v2([night]);
+  it("an early-morning stay (local 02:00-04:00) is inside the wrap → night rate", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), s)).toBe(10000); // 2h × 50
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 day-of-week tested at the increment's wall-clock day", () => {
+  // 2026-06-18 is a Thursday (dow 4). A Friday-only card must NOT apply.
+  const friOnly: TariffCard = { name: "fri", priority: 10, window: { dow: [5] }, blocks: ladder(5000) };
+  it("Thursday stay does not get the Friday card", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([friOnly]))).toBe(40000); // default 200×2
+  });
+  const thuOnly: TariffCard = { name: "thu", priority: 10, window: { dow: [4] }, blocks: ladder(5000) };
+  it("Thursday stay gets the Thursday card", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([thuOnly]))).toBe(10000); // 50×2
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 flat card", () => {
+  const flatNight: TariffCard = {
+    name: "flat",
+    priority: 10,
+    window: { fromHour: "00:00", toHour: "23:59" }, // effectively all day here
+    flatMinor: 3000,
+  };
+  it("flat card charges flatMinor per increment", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(180), v2([flatNight]))).toBe(9000); // 3h × 30
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 category filter", () => {
+  const busCard: TariffCard = { name: "bus", priority: 10, category: "bus", blocks: ladder(40000) };
+  const s = v2([busCard]);
+  it("a bus session uses the bus card (400/h)", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), s, "bus")).toBe(80000);
+  });
+  it("a car session ignores the bus card → default (200/h)", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), s, "car")).toBe(40000);
+  });
+  it("no category given ignores the bus card → default", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), s)).toBe(40000);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 daily cap uses the DEFAULT card's cap on a mixed day", () => {
+  // default cap 1000/day; a cheap night card present. 24h elapsed.
+  const night: TariffCard = { name: "night", priority: 10, window: { fromHour: "22:00", toHour: "06:00" }, blocks: ladder(5000) };
+  const s = v2([night], "Europe/Tirane", { defaultCard: { ...defaultCard, dailyCapMinor: 100000 } });
+  it("a 24h stay is capped at the default card's 1000/day", () => {
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(1440), s)).toBe(100000);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 precedence is total + order-independent", () => {
+  // Specificity order is date > dow > hour-only (see plan / tariff-time-tiers.md).
+  // So a dow-constrained card beats an hour-only card at an overlapping instant.
+  const dowCard: TariffCard = { name: "a-dow", priority: 5, window: { dow: [4] }, blocks: ladder(10000) }; // Thu, 100/h
+  const hourCard: TariffCard = { name: "b-hour", priority: 5, window: { fromHour: "02:00", toHour: "04:00" }, blocks: ladder(5000) }; // local 02-04, 50/h
+  it("dow (more specific than hour-only) wins at an overlapping instant", () => {
+    // local 02:00-04:00 = elapsed 0-120; both match, dow ranks above hour → 100/h
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([dowCard, hourCard]))).toBe(20000);
+  });
+  it("a date window beats a dow window (date is most specific)", () => {
+    const dateCard: TariffCard = { name: "c-date", priority: 1, window: { dateFrom: "2026-06-18", dateTo: "2026-06-18" }, blocks: ladder(5000) }; // 50/h
+    // date beats dow even with LOWER priority (specificity dominates priority)
+    expect(computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([dowCard, dateCard]))).toBe(10000);
+  });
+  it("fee is identical when windowedCards order is shuffled", () => {
+    const a = computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([dowCard, hourCard]));
+    const b = computeFee(entered, at(120), v2([hourCard, dowCard]));
+    expect(a).toBe(b);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("V2 DST determinism (Europe/Tirane)", () => {
+  // Spring forward 2026-03-29 03:00 local (clocks 02:00→03:00). Fall back 2026-10-25.
+  const cheap: TariffCard = { name: "c", priority: 10, window: { fromHour: "00:00", toHour: "23:59" }, flatMinor: 1000 };
+  it("a stay across the spring-forward boundary prices deterministically", () => {
+    const e = "2026-03-29T00:00:00.000Z"; // 01:00 local pre-jump
+    const a1 = computeFee(e, new Date(Date.parse(e) + 240 * 60_000).toISOString(), v2([cheap]));
+    const a2 = computeFee(e, new Date(Date.parse(e) + 240 * 60_000).toISOString(), v2([cheap]));
+    expect(a1).toBe(a2); // determinism
+    expect(a1).toBe(4000); // 4h × flat 10
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// (e) validation accept/reject matrix
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+describe("validate V1 (unchanged messages)", () => {
+  it("accepts the live structure", () => {
+    expect(validateTariffStructure({ ...liveV1, blocks: [...liveV1.blocks, { uptoMin: null, priceMinorPerIncrement: 5000 }] })).toEqual([]);
+  });
+  it("rejects a bounded last block", () => {
+    expect(validateTariffStructure(liveV1)).toContain(
+      "the last block must be open-ended (uptoMin: null) — the thereafter-rate must be stated explicitly",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("validate V2", () => {
+  const okDefault: TariffCard = { name: "d", priority: 0, blocks: ladder(20000) };
+  const base = { version: 2 as const, tz: "Europe/Tirane", gracePeriodEntryMin: 5, incrementMin: 60, lostTicketMinor: 0, gracePeriodExitMin: 5, overstay: "reprice" as const };
+
+  it("accepts a minimal default-only V2", () => {
+    expect(validateTariffStructure({ ...base, defaultCard: okDefault })).toEqual([]);
+  });
+  it("requires tz when windowedCards present", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({ ...base, tz: "", defaultCard: okDefault, windowedCards: [{ name: "w", priority: 1, window: { dow: [1] }, blocks: ladder(5000) }] });
+    expect(errs).toContain("tz (IANA timezone) is required when windowedCards are present");
+  });
+  it("rejects a card with both flat and blocks", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({ ...base, defaultCard: { name: "d", priority: 0, flatMinor: 100, blocks: ladder(100) } });
+    expect(errs).toContain("defaultCard must set exactly one of flatMinor or blocks");
+  });
+  it("rejects defaultCard with a window", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({ ...base, defaultCard: { ...okDefault, window: { dow: [1] } } });
+    expect(errs).toContain("defaultCard must not have a window (it is the always-active fallback)");
+  });
+  it("rejects a bad hour format", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({ ...base, defaultCard: okDefault, windowedCards: [{ name: "w", priority: 1, window: { fromHour: "25:00", toHour: "26:00" }, blocks: ladder(5000) }] });
+    expect(errs.some((e) => e.includes("fromHour"))).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it("rejects ambiguous precedence (equal specificity+priority, overlapping)", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({
+      ...base,
+      defaultCard: okDefault,
+      windowedCards: [
+        { name: "x", priority: 5, window: { dow: [1, 2] }, blocks: ladder(5000) },
+        { name: "y", priority: 5, window: { dow: [2, 3] }, blocks: ladder(6000) },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(errs.some((e) => e.includes("higher priority to break the tie"))).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it("allows the tie to be broken by priority", () => {
+    const errs = validateTariffStructure({
+      ...base,
+      defaultCard: okDefault,
+      windowedCards: [
+        { name: "x", priority: 5, window: { dow: [1, 2] }, blocks: ladder(5000) },
+        { name: "y", priority: 6, window: { dow: [2, 3] }, blocks: ladder(6000) },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(errs).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});

packages/shared/vitest.config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
+
+// Only run tests from src (TypeScript source). Without this, the compiled copies
+// in dist/ get picked up as duplicate (stale) test files.
+export default defineConfig({
+  test: {
+    include: ["src/**/*.test.ts"],
+  },
+});

wiki/concepts/anti-passback.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ session projection.
 
 ## The rule
 
-An identity (ticket id, [[permit]] credential, or plate) **must not enter while it already has an
+An identity (ticket id, [[subscription]] credential, or plate) **must not enter while it already has an
 OPEN [[parking-session|session]].** At entry:
 
 ```
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ identify vehicle → is there already an OPEN session for this id?
 
 This is a **fold over the signed [[append-only-event-chain]]** ("does an entry for this id exist
 with no matching exit?") — not a mutable in/out flag that could be edited. Same projection that
-powers [[capacity-occupancy]] and [[permit]] `maxConcurrent`.
+powers [[capacity-occupancy]] and [[subscription]] `maxConcurrent`.
 
 ## Interaction with the limits already designed
 
 - **Transient ticket** — a single ticket id is inherently one session; a second entry on the same
   id is always a violation (or a re-print/duplication attempt).
-- **Permit** — passback is the *per-car* case of the permit's `maxConcurrent` ([[permit]]): a
+- **Permit** — passback is the *per-car* case of the permit's `maxConcurrent` ([[subscription]]): a
   multi-car permit legitimately has several open sessions, but **the same car/credential** entering
   twice is still a violation. So enforce per-identity, *under* the permit's concurrency allowance.
 

wiki/concepts/booth-console.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, frontend, booth, realtime, ui]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Booth Console (operator UI architecture)
+
+The **operator console** — the real-time UI an attendant runs at a manned booth. Built 2026-06-17/18
+on top of the [[react-vite-spa]]. This page covers the *architecture* (stack, live feed, layout);
+the booth's *business flows* live in [[booth-exit-flow]], [[shift]], [[parking-session]].
+
+## Stack (added 2026-06-17, beyond plain React)
+
+The operator UI outgrew "plain React + useState" once it needed live updates and a real layout:
+
+- **TanStack Query** owns SERVER state (fetch/cache/refetch/loading-error), wrapping the existing thin
+  `apiFetch` client. Server data is never duplicated into client state.
+- **TanStack Router** — real routes (`/booth`, `/shift`, `/setup`, `/tariff`, `/permits`, `/site`),
+  role-guarded (admin-only routes redirect non-admins to `/booth`). Code-based route tree.
+- **Zustand** — small CLIENT state only: the live WebSocket status + a rolling in-memory event feed +
+  the latest pushed occupancy. Anything durable is re-fetched via Query.
+- **Tailwind v4** with a **"Bloomberg-terminal" theme** (`apps/web/src/index.css`, `@theme`):
+  near-black surfaces, amber/green/red/cyan status accents, monospace, dense/keyboard-first. **Radix**
+  primitives (Dialog, etc.) for accessible unstyled components. The token VALUES are adopted from the
+  **"TRM" design system** (Claude Design project; race-timing kit) — **tokens only**, no TRM
+  components: the `term-*` accents are aligned onto TRM's `night`/semantic colours and TRM's full
+  vocabulary (night/ink/paper scales, flag/amber/green/blue, the spacing/type/shadow scales) is
+  exposed as utilities for new work. Offline appliance ⇒ no webfont `@import`; Goldplay (TRM's display
+  face) not self-hosted yet — display text falls back to a sans stack.
+- **react-i18next** for [[i18n]] (Albanian default).
+
+> This SUPERSEDES the original "plain React, no framework" note on [[react-vite-spa]] — that held
+> while the UI was a few admin forms; the live booth console justified the additions.
+
+## Live feed — one WebSocket (`/api/ws`)
+
+The booth must reflect entries/exits/payments the instant they happen, so the console opens **one
+authenticated WebSocket** app-wide instead of polling. See the WS tap in [[append-only-event-chain]]
+(`EventLog.append` fires a read-side `onAppended` callback → the device bus `emitLedger` → the WS
+route fans it out):
+
+- On each signed **ledger** append (entry/exit/payment/void/anomaly/cash_movement/shift_*) the server
+  pushes the event **plus the recomputed [[capacity-occupancy|occupancy]]** (a fold over the same
+  ledger, always authoritative). Printer-status changes ([[printer-status-monitoring]]) ride the same
+  socket.
+- The client appends to the Zustand feed for the live ticker AND **invalidates the matching Query
+  caches** (events, occupancy, active-sessions) — so Query stays the source of truth; the WS is the
+  freshness trigger. Auto-reconnect with capped backoff survives a server restart.
+
+### Auth — anti-CSWSH
+
+The handshake is a normal GET through Fastify, so the **HttpOnly JWT cookie** that guards the REST API
+guards the WS too. But a browser `WebSocket` can't send the CSRF double-submit header, which would
+leave the socket open to **Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking** (a malicious page opens
+`ws://<booth>/api/ws`, the browser auto-attaches the cookie, the attacker reads the live feed). So the
+WS route replaces CSRF with an **Origin allowlist** (same-origin always; extra origins via
+`WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS` for the dev SPA): a missing/cross origin is rejected before auth. The stream is
+read-only — it can never mutate state. (Found + fixed by automated security review, 2026-06-17.)
+
+## The booth screen (`/booth`)
+
+Dense terminal layout: a **ticket input** (HID-scanner-friendly — types the id + Enter) spanning the
+top; a left column with the **occupancy gauge** above the **[[booth-exit-flow|Active Sessions]]** list;
+a right column with the **live event ticker**. Submitting/clicking a ticket opens the **pay/exit
+modal** (entry/duration/total, tender, voucher checkbox, entry/exit snapshots). All live-refreshed via
+the WS.
+
+## The shift control (header) + the booth gate
+
+The header carries a single **shift button** that expresses the [[shift|site-wide single-open
+shift]] (added 2026-06-18):
+
+- **No shift open** → "Open shift" (green, enabled).
+- **My shift open** → "Close shift" (red, enabled — signs + prints the Z-report).
+- **Another operator's shift open** → **disabled**, titled with who holds it. You can neither open
+  yours nor close theirs until they hand over.
+
+State comes from one shared Query (`useShift()` → `GET /api/shift/current`, returning `{ open:
+{startedAt, operator} | null, isMine }`); the WS invalidates it on `shift_open` / `shift_z_report` /
+`cash_movement`, so the button (and the per-shift log scope) update live without polling.
+
+The **booth screen gates on this**: the pay/exit modal shows an "open a shift" banner (with a
+one-click *Open shift now*) and disables pay/exit/voucher until **this operator's** shift is open;
+the Active-Sessions "Open barrier" is disabled the same way. The server enforces it regardless
+(`requireShift` 409 `no_shift`) — the UI just front-runs the rejection. The live feed is **scoped to
+the open shift's window** (empty when no shift is open). See [[shift]] for the rule and the routes.
+
+## The device-status footer
+
+A **fixed footer** in the app shell shows the live status of every configured device — relays,
+readers, cameras, printers — one chip each (coloured dot + name + fault detail), with an "all ready
+/ N offline" roll-up. Fed by the unified [[device-status-monitoring|DeviceMonitor]] over the same
+`/api/ws` socket (`hello` carries the initial set; a `device-status` frame per change), held in the
+live store keyed by device id, with `GET /api/devices/status` as the seed/fallback. Visible on every
+screen, so the operator always sees the barrier relay's reachability and the printer's paper state.
+
+## Dev notes
+- Vite proxies `/api/ws` (`ws: true`) to the backend; the backend's Origin allowlist must include the
+  dev SPA origin (`WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=http://localhost:5173`). In production Fastify serves the SPA
+  same-origin, so the allowlist isn't needed.
+- Start the dev SPA via `pnpm dev` from `apps/web` (not `npx vite --host …`, which has mangled args
+  and served 404s in this environment).
+
+## Open
+- **No automated frontend tests** — the booth/live-feed/modal logic is verified manually
+  (Playwright + curl + DB inspection), not by a suite. The standing test-harness gap (see
+  [[reconciliation]]-adjacent notes) now spans front and back.
+- The pre-existing admin screens (Setup/Tariff/Permits/Site/Shift) still carry their **old inline
+  styles** — reachable and functional, not yet on the terminal component system.

wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, domain, booth, exit, payment, threat-model]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Booth Exit Flow — pay-at-booth, voucher vs. immediate exit
+
+How the **manned booth** takes payment for a transient ticket and lets the car out. Complements the
+unattended reader path in [[parking-session]] / the exit flow: same signed events, a booth-driven
+trigger. Decided 2026-06-17.
+
+## Operator flow
+
+1. **Ticket input** on the booth screen. The operator scans (HID scanner types the id + Enter) or
+   keys the ticket number.
+2. On submit, the booth **looks up the session** and opens a **modal**: entry time, exit time (now),
+   **duration**, **total owed** (the [[tariff]] quote), tender (cash/card), and a checkbox
+   **"Printo biletë dalje"** (print exit ticket).
+3. The operator takes payment → a signed `payment` event ([[parking-session]]). What happens next
+   depends on the checkbox:
+   - **Checked → print an exit voucher.** The customer carries it to a (distant) exit and
+     **self-exits by scanning it** there; that scan runs the normal reader exit flow. The booth does
+     NOT open the barrier.
+   - **Unchecked → immediate exit.** When the modal closes after a successful payment, the booth
+     **signs `vehicle_exit`, pulses the exit relay, and fires the exit snapshot** right away (booth is
+     at/near the exit).
+
+## Settled decisions (2026-06-17)
+
+- **Voucher carries the SAME ticket id** (reprinted as the Code128 barcode). At the exit reader it
+  runs the existing exit validation — which now finds the session **paid + within walk-back grace**,
+  so it opens. No new identity or code type; the "biletë dalje" is a *paid reprint* of the entry
+  ticket id. Reuses [[tariff|walk-back grace]] exactly.
+- **The customer always gets a transparency receipt after paying (built 2026-06-18).** Entry time,
+  payment time, duration parked, amount + tender — one shared `ReceiptData`/`renderReceipt` in
+  `@parking/devices`, two modes: (a) **voucher mode** = those figures PLUS the scannable barcode and
+  an emphasised walk-back-grace line ("Dilni brenda N min — skanoni këtë biletë në dalje"), so the
+  one slip both proves payment and self-exits — this **replaced the old barcode-only voucher**;
+  (b) **standalone mode** = detail-only (no barcode), **auto-printed at payment** when the checkbox
+  is OFF (booth at the exit, no voucher). Both fold the figures from the SIGNED ledger (latest
+  `payment` event) and print on the booth printer (failover to the dispenser). The standalone
+  auto-print is **best-effort**: a printer fault must NOT block the exit that already happened — the
+  modal shows a note and offers **"Reprint receipt"** (also used if the slip jams or the customer
+  asks later). Routes: `POST /api/voucher` (voucher mode), `POST /api/receipt` (standalone/reprint;
+  requires paid, allows an already-exited session so a reprint still works). Receipt timestamps use
+  the **host-local clock** (the appliance runs in site time) — distinct from the tariff's frozen tz,
+  which governs pricing reproducibility, not display.
+- **The checkbox default lives in `site_config`** (`exit_voucher_default`, a site-wide boolean edited
+  in Site settings) — because it's booth geography, not per-ticket. The operator may override per
+  transaction. (Per-exit-point config deferred until a site has both a near and a far exit.)
+- **Payment is never rolled back.** If the checkbox is OFF and `pulseOpen` fails (offline
+  controller), the signed `payment` + `vehicle_exit` already stand (money was taken, the car is
+  owed an exit). The booth surfaces a clear error and an **audited `anomaly`** so the operator opens
+  manually — we never silently drop the payment, and never leave a paid car without an exit event.
+
+## Threat-model notes ([[threat-model|operator as adversary]])
+
+- The booth exit reuses the **same validation as the reader path** (paid + within grace, or free
+  entry-grace) — there is no booth-only bypass that admits an unpaid car. An unpaid ticket sends the
+  operator to take payment first.
+- Every booth action is a **signed ledger event attributed to the operator's session**: the payment,
+  the exit, and any `anomaly` (failed open / override). A colluding operator can't wave a car out
+  without leaving a signed, attributed trail visible to [[reconciliation]].
+- The voucher path keeps the **camera snapshot at the physical exit** (the self-scan fires it), so
+  the evidence is captured where the car actually leaves, not where it paid.
+
+## Active sessions & human-intervention barrier open
+
+**The barrier state is ASSUMED, never confirmed.** We send "open" intent and never truly know the car
+cleared ([[barrier-not-a-door]], no wired loop/sensor feedback). So a signed `vehicle_exit` does NOT
+mean the car is gone — it may be stuck (damaged ticket / dead scanner, or the barrier re-closed on a
+phantom obstacle: an animal, a person, a cardboard box or bag in the wind). These edge cases need a
+**human in the booth** to open the barrier, leaving a signed trace.
+
+**A session is "active" (shown in the booth Active Sessions list) while it is EITHER:**
+- **open + unpaid** — entered, no `vehicle_exit`, owing money. **Always shown** — a car that owes
+  money never ages out; it's genuinely still inside until it pays, however long that takes. OR
+- **open + paid, still within grace** — paid but no exit recorded yet, `now ≤ graceExpiresAt`. OR
+- **exited but `now ≤ graceExpiresAt`** — paid and/or the voucher scanned, but still within the
+  walk-back grace window. Because the barrier is unconfirmed, the car is presumed *possibly still
+  present* until grace expires. **Payment and a successful voucher scan do NOT remove it from the
+  list** — only grace expiry does.
+
+A session drops off the list once it is **past grace** and EITHER exited OR **paid** (presumed truly
+gone). The **paid age-out** is important: a paid session whose walk-back grace lapsed has left, so it
+is omitted **even if no `vehicle_exit` was ever signed**. Without this, a paid car that left via a
+manual barrier re-open (which historically signed no exit — see below) would linger **forever**
+(ticket T-397815c0, 2026-06-18). The signed log is untouched — this is purely the list's display
+filter (`PayStation.activeSessions()`).
+
+### The one operator action — "Open barrier" (audited re-pulse)
+
+For an active session, the operator can open the barrier as a **human intervention**. This:
+- **re-pulses an exit relay** (resolved site-wide, as the booth exit does), and
+- signs an **`anomaly`** (`source: booth`, attributed to the operator, reason "manual barrier open"), and
+- **closes the session IF it is still open** — i.e. if no `vehicle_exit` exists yet, the re-open *is*
+  this car leaving, so it also signs a **`vehicle_exit`** (`source: manual`, reason "human-intervention
+  exit"). If the session is **already exited** (the phantom re-close case — a second exit would
+  double-count occupancy), it signs **no** second exit: anomaly only.
+
+> **Refined 2026-06-18 (was "NEVER a `vehicle_exit`").** The original rule never signed an exit on a
+> re-open, on the assumption a normal `vehicle_exit` had already happened. But when the re-open was the
+> *only* way a car left (its walk-back grace had expired, so a normal exit was refused), the session
+> kept **no exit event** and lingered as "open" forever (ticket T-397815c0). Fix: sign the exit only
+> when the session is **still open**, preserving the no-double-count guarantee for the already-exited
+> case. The [[#a-session-is-active|paid age-out]] above is the belt-and-braces safety net for any
+> paid session that still slips through.
+
+**Guard — paid OR subscription, else no button.** The "Open barrier" action is shown/active for a
+session that **has a payment** (paid, or paid-and-exited-in-grace) **OR is a [[subscription]]
+occurrence** (prepaid — the operator must be able to assist a subscriber when the exit reader / card
+fails). An **unpaid TRANSIENT** open session has **no barrier-open affordance** — the row routes to
+the [[#operator-flow|pay/exit modal]] instead. The no-unpaid-bypass rule is enforced structurally
+(server-side in `reopenBarrier`: `paidAt != null || subscription`). A future reason-required *force
+exit* for genuine disputes would be a separately-audited path — see Open.
+
+### Subscription occurrences in the booth (built 2026-06-18)
+
+A subscriber's car shows in Active Sessions as a **subscription** session (badge "abonim"; labelled by
+the **holder name**, not the raw `SUBSESS-…` key). Opening it shows the **pay/exit modal in
+subscription mode**: entry/duration + **PREPAID** (no amount — it is **never quoted or charged**),
+the entry/exit **snapshots**, and a single **Open barrier** action (the audited re-pulse). This is
+exactly the assist path for a **faulty exit reader or a missing/forgotten card/QR**. The session
+view (`lookup` / `activeSessions` in `pay-station.ts`) carries `subscription`, `subscriptionId`,
+`subscriptionHolder`, derived from the entry payload's `permit:true` / `permitId`.
+
+This single mechanism covers both edge cases: a **damaged ticket / dead scanner** (find the still-open
+session in the list → pay/exit modal, or if already paid → Open barrier, no scan needed), and a
+**phantom-obstacle re-close** (the just-exited car is still in the list within grace → Open barrier).
+
+## ⚠ Open question — walk-back grace renews on every payment (voucher overstay)
+
+**Found 2026-06-17. Not yet fixed.** Scenario: customer pays at the booth, takes an exit voucher,
+then dawdles past the walk-back grace before reaching the exit.
+
+What the code does today (`exit-flow.ts`, `pay-station.ts`):
+- The exit reader's grace check is `now − paidAt ≤ graceExitMin`, reading **the latest payment's**
+  `graceExitMin`. Over the window → exit **refuses** ("top-up required"). ✓ *Correct — no free exit.*
+- The re-quote (`computeFee(enteredAt, now, …)`) always prices from **entry**, never from the last
+  payment. So a top-up charges the **full** entry→now fee (minus what's paid is implicit via the
+  ledger). ✓ *Correct — the timer does NOT restart; the customer pays the true total.*
+- BUT every `payment` writes its own `graceExitMin`, and the exit flow reads the **latest** one — so
+  **each top-up grants a fresh, full grace window.** ✗ *This is the bug.*
+
+**The leak is time, not money.** It is not a free-exit hole (the fee always catches up from entry).
+But the grace window — meant as a one-time walk-from-pay-to-gate allowance — is re-granted in full on
+every payment, so a customer could pay → wait → pay a tiny delta → get another full window → repeat,
+riding the gap between "paid" and "next increment accrues." With coarse [[tariff]] increments the
+abuse is bounded but real.
+
+**Candidate fixes (business call — fairness vs. anti-abuse):**
+1. **Grace on top-up only when the top-up charged new money** (recommended). Kills the "tiny delta
+   forever" loop while staying fair to a genuine overstay; re-price stays from entry.
+2. **Single non-renewing window** anchored to the FIRST payment — cleanest anti-abuse, but can unfairly
+   trap someone who legitimately paid, walked, then hit a slow elevator after a top-up.
+3. **Cap total grace** granted per session regardless of payment count.
+
+Decided halves: **refuse-on-expiry** and **reprice-from-entry** are deliberate and correct. The
+**grace-renews-fully-per-payment** consequence was an unintended side effect of reading `graceExitMin`
+off the latest payment. See [[tariff]] (walk-back grace) for the pricing side of the same question.
+
+## As-built / open
+- Backend: `GET /api/session/:identity` (lookup + quote), `POST /api/exit { identity }` (validated
+  booth exit), `site_config.exit_voucher_default`. Exit validation shared between the booth and the
+  reader path (one code path, two triggers).
+- **Open: walk-back grace renews on every payment** — see the flagged section above (voucher overstay
+  re-grants a full grace window; pick a fix before production).
+- Voucher/receipt print = `renderReceipt` (shared ESC/POS) on the booth printer ([[ticket-encoding]],
+  [[printer-status-monitoring]]): voucher mode = figures + barcode + grace; standalone = figures only,
+  auto-printed at payment. `POST /api/voucher`, `POST /api/receipt`.
+- Open: a force-open **override** (lost ticket / equipment fault) — deferred; would be a separately
+  audited signed event, not folded into the validated path.

wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ editable and drifts; the chain is the truth). Spaces-free = `capacity − occupa
 
 - **`capacity`** is admin-set per site (and per **zone/level** if the lot has sections — model a
   `zone` on capacity + on the entry so multi-level is a later addition, not a rewrite).
-- Permit concurrency (`maxConcurrent`, see [[permit]]) is the same kind of fold, scoped to one
+- Permit concurrency (`maxConcurrent`, see [[subscription]]) is the same kind of fold, scoped to one
   permit's open sessions.
 
 ## Full → refuse entry + FULL sign

wiki/concepts/device-status-monitoring.md

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, device, monitoring, reliability, ui]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Device status monitoring (the booth footer)
+
+The booth shows a **fixed footer** with the live status of every configured device — relays,
+readers, cameras, printers — so an operator sees at a glance that the barrier relay is reachable,
+the exit scanner is up, and the ticket printer has paper. This generalises the printer-only
+[[printer-status-monitoring]] to **all four [[device-adapter-pattern|device categories]]**. A
+reliability control, not a threat-model one. (Built 2026-06-18.)
+
+## What gets polled, and how
+
+Every **enabled** row in `devices` is polled on an interval, regardless of category — the monitor
+talks only to the adapter interfaces ([[device-adapter-pattern]]), never a driver SDK:
+
+- **Printers** → their rich `MonitorableDevice.readStatus()` (paper end / near-end, cover open,
+  cutter error, off-line) — the same capability the existing [[printer-status-monitoring|PrinterMonitor]]
+  uses. The footer surfaces the fault detail.
+- **Relays / readers / cameras** → the generic `Device.healthCheck()` **reachability** probe every
+  adapter implements (`ready | degraded | offline`). This is presence/up-ness, not a deep fault
+  model — a relay either answers or it doesn't.
+
+Both collapse to one **traffic-light**: `ready | degraded | offline`, plus a `detail` string. Fail
+**toward "there's a problem"**, never false-healthy: a probe that throws or times out reads
+`offline` (consistent with [[printer-status-monitoring]]'s fail-safe mapping); a driver that's no
+longer registered reads `offline` ("driver not registered") rather than vanishing.
+
+## The monitor (server)
+
+`DeviceMonitor` (`apps/server/src/device-monitor.ts`), modelled on the PrinterMonitor:
+
+- re-reads the device set each tick (a newly-assigned/removed device appears/disappears without a
+  restart); drops cached status for devices that are gone or disabled;
+- polls every `DEVICE_POLL_MS` (default **8000ms**), never overlapping ticks;
+- caches the latest unified status per device id;
+- emits a `device-status` bus event **only when a device's state or detail changes** (deduped).
+
+> **Relationship to the PrinterMonitor.** Both run. The PrinterMonitor stays the authority for the
+> printer-specific live detail + its SSE stream (`/api/printers/status*`) that the entry flow may
+> later depend on for [[printer-roles-failover]]. The DeviceMonitor is the **unified footer feed**
+> across all categories. They poll independently (printers get probed by both — cheap HTTP reads);
+> the small duplication is deliberate, to avoid coupling the footer to printer internals. Could be
+> consolidated later if the overlap ever matters.
+
+## API / live UI
+
+- `GET /api/devices/status` — cached snapshot of all devices (no device round-trip). Any
+  authenticated role (operational, not a setup action).
+- Live updates ride the **one booth [[booth-console|WebSocket]]** (`/api/ws`): the `hello` frame
+  carries the initial device-status set; a `device-status` frame is pushed per change. The web
+  [[booth-console|live store]] holds the set keyed by device id; the REST snapshot seeds it / fills
+  in if the socket is briefly down.
+- **`DeviceFooter`** (`apps/web/src/ui/DeviceFooter.tsx`) renders one **compact** chip per device —
+  a coloured dot + a **role label, never the vendor** — ordered access → reader → camera → printer,
+  with a right-aligned roll-up ("N with issues" / "all ready"). Mounted in the app shell so it's
+  visible on every screen.
+
+### Label = role, not vendor (refinement 2026-06-18)
+
+The chip shows **what the device does, not who made it**: the localised category + a role/direction
+suffix → `Lexuesi hyrje`, `Printer kabina`, `Kamera dalje`. The server sends a structured
+**`roleKind`** token (not a composed string), the client localises it:
+- **reader / camera** → the direction inherited from its bound relay (`directionOf()` in
+  [[entry-exit-points|device-resolve]]): `entry | exit | both`.
+- **access controller** → `entry | exit | both` from its `relays[]`, or **`mixed`** when it spans
+  more than one direction; `null` if it declares none yet.
+- **printer** → `lane` (entry-dispenser) | `booth` (booth-receipt) — the [[printer-roles-failover]] role.
+- `null` → the chip shows the category alone.
+
+### Detail does NOT pollute the footer (refinement 2026-06-18)
+
+Chips stay short — **no inline fault text**. A device that is `degraded`/`offline` is clickable (so
+is the roll-up); clicking opens a small **issues panel** anchored above the footer that lists only
+the problem devices with their role label, state, the `detail` string, and the last-checked time.
+`ready` chips are non-interactive. The panel closes on outside-click / Escape (a lightweight
+popover — no extra dependency; only Radix Dialog is installed).
+
+## Verified (2026-06-18)
+
+On a fresh DB seeded with a stub relay, a TCP reader, and two printers (one reachable, one not):
+relay + reader → `ready` via `healthCheck`; the unreachable printer → `offline` (with a detail
+string, never threw); the bus emitted once per device on first observation, and a second unchanged
+tick was silent (change-only emit). Server + web build clean.
+
+## Open / not yet done
+
+- **Reachability ≠ correctness.** `healthCheck()` says a relay/reader answers, not that it's wired
+  to the right barrier or reading cards — that's a setup/precondition concern ([[first-run-setup]],
+  the Dingtian [[access-controller-button-flow|precondition checks]]).
+- **No per-device history / alerting.** The footer is point-in-time; a flapping device isn't
+  tracked over time. Reconciliation-style alerting is out of scope here.
+- **Cameras** only expose `healthCheck` reachability today; a "last snapshot age" health signal
+  could be richer ([[lpr-camera]], [[opencv-anpr-service]]).
+- Possible later **consolidation** of PrinterMonitor + DeviceMonitor (see the note above).

wiki/concepts/i18n.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, frontend, i18n, localization]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Internationalization (i18n)
+
+The operator UI ships in **two languages: Albanian (default) and English**. Language is a
+**per-user preference stored server-side** and loaded on login — not a browser/localStorage setting,
+not a site-wide one. So an operator's choice follows their account and is restored on every login from
+any booth. (Decided + built 2026-06-18.)
+
+## Decisions
+
+- **Albanian is the default and fallback.** English is the second language. A missing English key
+  falls back to Albanian.
+- **Per-user, server-side preference.** `users.language` (`'sq' | 'en'`, default `'sq'`; migration
+  0003). Returned from `/api/auth/login` and `/api/auth/me`, and changed via **`PUT /api/auth/language`**
+  (self-service, any signed-in role). It is **deliberately NOT in the JWT** (identity/role only) — so
+  changing language is a DB write + immediate `/me`, with no token refresh / re-login. See
+  [[local-jwt-auth]].
+- **Library: react-i18next** (i18next). Chosen over a hand-rolled `t()` for pluralization,
+  interpolation, and headroom beyond two languages. The active language is applied after `/me`
+  resolves (App effect on `user.language`); the header **SQ/EN toggle** switches instantly *and*
+  persists.
+- **Printed tickets/receipts stay Albanian.** Customer-facing paper is **independent** of the
+  operator's UI language — an operator reading the UI in English still prints Albanian tickets. The
+  print strings live in the device driver's `STR` table ([[ticket-encoding]], [[site-metadata]]); can
+  become a `site_config.print_language` setting later if a site ever needs English receipts.
+
+## As-built (2026-06-18)
+
+- **Backend:** `users.language` + the three auth touch-points above (`apps/server/src/routes/auth.ts`).
+- **Frontend:** `apps/web/src/lib/i18n/` — `sq.ts` (default/fallback), `en.ts`, and `index.ts` (init +
+  `setLanguage()`). **Type-safe key parity:** `Catalog` is the *shape* of `sq` with string-typed
+  values, so TypeScript forces `en.ts` to supply every key (and the build fails on a missing/typo'd
+  key). Keys are dot-namespaced by area (`common`, `nav`, `status`, `auth`, `booth`, `pay`, `shift`,
+  `site`, `permits`, `tariff`).
+- **Translated screens:** the booth ([[booth-console]] — screen, pay/exit modal, active sessions,
+  snapshots, status), Login, ShiftControl, SiteSettings, PermitManager, TariffComposer.
+
+## Open / deferred
+
+- **SetupWizard is NOT translated** (deliberate). Its content is mostly **server-provided** — driver
+  labels and config-field labels/help come from the backend device-catalog API ([[device-registry]],
+  [[first-run-setup]]). Translating only its static chrome would leave a half-English screen; it's
+  deferred until **backend catalog i18n** is scoped, then chrome + catalog localize together.
+- **Server API error strings** are still English (surfaced raw in the UI). v1 relies on the
+  client mapping known errors; a fuller approach would translate by error *code*, not message.
+- **Behaviour note (not a bug):** a *hard navigation* (new URL) re-bootstraps the language from the
+  user's stored preference via `/me` — so an un-persisted toggle resets. Correct: the stored pref
+  wins. The toggle persists via the PUT, so it survives once saved.

wiki/concepts/parking-session.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ A session needs a key that survives from entry to exit. Two populations, two key
 
 - **Transient:** a **ticket id** (printed, ideally on pre-numbered stock — see [[reconciliation]])
   or a **plate** read by [[lpr-camera|LPR]]. This id is carried in the event's `identity` field.
-- **Permit holder:** a **credential** (card / plate / QR) matched to a [[permit]] record. A valid
+- **Permit holder:** a **credential** (card / plate / QR) matched to a [[subscription]] record. A valid
   permit means the session owes nothing — the PAY step is skipped (see below).
 
 ## Lifecycle (pay-on-foot / pay station model)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ States, as derived from events:
 | **CLOSED** | a matching `vehicle_exit` event exists |
 | **VOIDED** | a `void` event references the session (lost ticket written off, error correction) |
 
-Permit sessions skip PAID: a valid [[permit]] at exit is itself the authorization to close.
+Permit sessions skip PAID: a valid [[subscription]] at exit is itself the authorization to close.
 
 ## Edge cases the model must name (not yet designed in full)
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ follow this page and [[tariff]]; the decision is recorded in [[session-model]].
   fails. See [[device-input-flow]].
 - **Read dispatch** (`apps/server/src/read-dispatch.ts`): a credential read routes to the
   **permit flow** if it matches a permit (card/QR/bound plate), else to the transient **exit flow**.
-  Lane resolved once (`readerLaneWithAccess`). See [[permit]] as-built.
+  Lane resolved once (`readerLaneWithAccess`). See [[subscription]] as-built.
 - **Exit flow** (`apps/server/src/exit-flow.ts`): a credential **read** (the `read` bus channel) →
   fold the signed ledger for that identity → validate **open + PAID + within `gracePeriodExitMin`**
   → signed `vehicle_exit` → `pulseOpen`. Unpaid / expired / unknown → signed `anomaly`, barrier