feat(shift): site-wide single-open shift + booth money-path gate

A shift becomes a SITE-WIDE accountability period — at most one open at a
time — so every taking is unambiguously attributed to one operator. Login
stays decoupled from shifts (an operator can log in off-shift to review).

Backend:
- ShiftService.currentOpenShift()/requireOpenShift(); open() refuses when ANY
  shift is open and throws ShiftAlreadyOpenError{heldBy} (self vs. other).
- requireShift preHandler gates /api/pay, /api/exit, /api/voucher,
  /api/barrier/reopen → 409 {code:"no_shift"}; read-only lookups stay open.
- GET /api/shift/current returns site-wide {open:{startedAt,operator},isMine}.
- GET /api/events?since=<iso> for per-shift log scoping (db: re-export gte).

Frontend:
- Header shift button: open / close-mine / disabled-when-another-holds-it.
- Pay/exit modal gate banner (one-click open; "held by X" when another's);
  pay/exit/voucher disabled until this operator's shift is open.
- Active-Sessions barrier re-open gated the same way.
- Live feed scoped to the open shift's window; shared useShift() Query
  invalidated over the WS on shift_open/shift_z_report/cash_movement.
- sq/en strings for the control + gate.

Wiki: shift.md (site-wide single-open + gate; superseded per-operator note),
booth-console.md (header control + gate), log entry.

Verified: site-wide invariant + heldBy + handover + chain integrity on a
fresh migrated DB (11/11); db/server/web build clean.

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "PreToolUse": []
+  }
+}

.gitignore

@@ -20,3 +20,7 @@ dist/
 /*.png
 # Vendor device SDKs (reference only — protocol captured in wiki, not committed)
 /dingtian/
+/QRCode_sdk*/
+
+# Graphify knowledge-graph output (dev tool; generated, not committed)
+graphify-out/

apps/server/.env.example

@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 # Generate one with:  openssl rand -hex 32
 JWT_SECRET=
 
+# Dedicated HMAC key for signing the append-only event ledger (>=16 chars).
+# Generate with:  openssl rand -hex 32
+# If unset, the server falls back to JWT_SECRET (logged as a warning) — fine for
+# dev, but set a dedicated key before production. Events store the key that signed
+# them (keyId), so verifyChain still validates a chain that spans a key change.
+EVENT_SIGNING_KEY=
+
 # Optional ----------------------------------------------------------------
 # PORT=3000
 # HOST=0.0.0.0                 # interface to bind. 127.0.0.1 = loopback only.
@@ -18,3 +25,7 @@ JWT_SECRET=
 # First admin (seed once): pnpm --filter @parking/server seed-admin
 # ADMIN_USER=admin
 # ADMIN_PASS=
+
+# Comma-separated extra origins allowed to open the booth WebSocket (/api/ws).
+# In dev, set the Vite SPA origin. Same-origin is always allowed without this.
+WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=http://localhost:5173

apps/server/package.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "@fastify/cors": "11.2.0",
     "@fastify/jwt": "10.1.0",
     "@fastify/static": "9.1.3",
+    "@fastify/websocket": "^11.2.0",
     "@parking/db": "workspace:*",
     "@parking/devices": "workspace:*",
     "@parking/shared": "workspace:*",

apps/server/src/auth.ts

@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@ export const TOKEN_COOKIE = "parking_token";
 export const CSRF_COOKIE = "parking_csrf";
 export const CSRF_HEADER = "x-csrf-token";
 
-/** Token lifetime, also used as the cookie maxAge. */
-export const TOKEN_TTL = "8h";
-export const TOKEN_TTL_SECONDS = 8 * 60 * 60;
+// Session lifetime: the JWT has NO expiry — a login is valid until explicit
+// logout. Booth reality breaks any fixed clock (relief late/absent, forced double
+// shifts), and a shift is a separate explicit boundary, not the token's lifetime.
+// See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md + wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+//
+// The cookie still needs a maxAge so it survives a browser restart (a session
+// cookie would log out an active operator on browser close — the opposite of
+// "until logout"). Use a long fixed window; the server clears it on logout.
+export const COOKIE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60; // 30 days
 
 /**
  * Resolve the JWT signing secret, refusing to start without a strong one.
@@ -55,7 +61,7 @@ export function setAuthCookies(reply: FastifyReply, jwt: string, csrf: string):
     sameSite: "strict",
     secure,
     path: "/",
-    maxAge: TOKEN_TTL_SECONDS,
+    maxAge: COOKIE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
   });
   // Readable by JS so the SPA can echo it back in the CSRF header (double-submit).
   reply.setCookie(CSRF_COOKIE, csrf, {
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ export function setAuthCookies(reply: FastifyReply, jwt: string, csrf: string):
     sameSite: "strict",
     secure,
     path: "/",
-    maxAge: TOKEN_TTL_SECONDS,
+    maxAge: COOKIE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
   });
 }
 

apps/server/src/booth-print.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { eq, siteConfig, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import {
+  printWithFailover,
+  registry,
+  type PrinterDevice,
+  type PrinterInstance,
+  type TicketData,
+  type TicketHeader,
+} from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import { devicesByDirection } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Booth-side printing for the EXIT VOUCHER ("biletë dalje"). When the booth is far
+// from the exit, the customer pays at the booth and walks a printed voucher to the
+// exit, where they self-scan it. The voucher reprints the SAME ticket id as a
+// Code128 barcode (now a paid session) — so the exit reader runs the normal exit
+// validation and opens. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md, ticket-encoding.md.
+//
+// This mirrors the entry flow's printer selection + header build, but prints on the
+// BOOTH printer (role "booth-receipt") since that's where the operator stands.
+
+/** Park identity for the voucher header, from site_config (all fields optional). */
+function ticketHeader(db: Db): TicketHeader | undefined {
+  const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+  if (!row) return undefined;
+  return {
+    parkName: row.parkName,
+    operatorName: row.operatorName,
+    nius: row.nius,
+    address: row.address,
+    phone: row.phone,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Build live printer instances for failover selection (entry direction covers the
+ *  booth-receipt role too — the booth printer is configured on the entry side). */
+function loadPrinters(db: Db): PrinterInstance[] {
+  const rows = devicesByDirection(db, "printer", "entry");
+  const out: PrinterInstance[] = [];
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) continue;
+    const cfg = row.config as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const role = cfg.role === "booth-receipt" ? "booth-receipt" : "entry-dispenser";
+    try {
+      out.push({
+        id: row.id,
+        role,
+        failoverRank: typeof cfg.failoverRank === "number" ? cfg.failoverRank : 0,
+        device: driver.create(cfg as never) as PrinterDevice,
+      });
+    } catch {
+      // skip a printer whose config won't build
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print an exit voucher for a paid session: the same ticket id reprinted as a
+ * barcode, on the booth printer (failing over to the entry dispenser). Returns the
+ * id of the printer that printed it. Throws NoPrinterAvailableError if none can.
+ */
+export async function printExitVoucher(
+  db: Db,
+  ticketId: string,
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const printers = loadPrinters(db);
+  const ticket: TicketData = {
+    ticketId,
+    issuedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    header: ticketHeader(db),
+  };
+  // Prefer the booth printer (operator is at the booth); fall back to the dispenser.
+  const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "booth-receipt", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
+    d.printTicket(ticket),
+  );
+  logger.info(`exit voucher for ${ticketId} printed on ${printedBy}`);
+  return printedBy;
+}

apps/server/src/device-events.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
 import type { PrinterStatus } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { LedgerEventRow } from "@parking/db";
 
 // Internal event bus for device-originated events (button presses, etc.).
 // Hardware drivers / inbound device pushes emit here; business logic (entry
@@ -8,17 +9,41 @@ import type { PrinterStatus } from "@parking/devices";
 
 export interface DeviceInputEvent {
   readonly driverId: string; // e.g. "dingtian"
-  readonly deviceId: string; // which configured device (lane_devices id)
+  readonly deviceId: string; // which configured device (devices id)
   readonly input: number; // 1-based input/channel
   readonly edge: "on" | "off"; // active / inactive
   readonly at: string; // ISO-8601 (server receive time)
   readonly source: "push" | "poll";
 }
 
+// A credential read: a ticket scanned at exit, a plate from LPR, a card at a reader.
+// Drives identity-based flows (exit validation, permits, pay-station lookup). `kind`
+// mirrors IdentitySource. See parking-session.md.
+export interface DeviceReadEvent {
+  readonly driverId: string;
+  readonly deviceId: string; // devices id of the reader/scanner/camera
+  readonly value: string; // the ticket id / plate / card number
+  readonly kind: "ticket" | "plate" | "qr" | "card";
+  readonly at: string; // ISO-8601
+}
+
+/**
+ * The decision a read produced. Returned by the read flows so a SYNCHRONOUS reader
+ * (e.g. the QR reader, whose HTTP reply drives its beep + output) can answer the
+ * device. A fire-and-forget reader simply ignores it. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md.
+ */
+export interface ReadOutcome {
+  /** Was the vehicle admitted/exited (barrier opened)? Drives the reader's beep. */
+  readonly accepted: boolean;
+  /** Which way it went, when known (permit/exit infer this). */
+  readonly direction?: "entry" | "exit";
+  /** Human-readable reason (for logs / the reader UI), esp. on reject. */
+  readonly reason?: string;
+}
+
 /** A printer's status as tracked by the live monitor (status + identity). */
 export interface PrinterStatusEvent {
-  readonly deviceId: string; // lane_devices id
-  readonly lane: number;
+  readonly deviceId: string; // devices id
   readonly driverId: string;
   readonly role?: string; // entry-dispenser | booth-receipt
   readonly status: PrinterStatus;
@@ -33,6 +58,15 @@ class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
     return () => this.off("input", cb);
   }
 
+  /** A credential read (ticket scan, plate, card). */
+  emitRead(event: DeviceReadEvent): void {
+    this.emit("read", event);
+  }
+  onRead(cb: (event: DeviceReadEvent) => void): () => void {
+    this.on("read", cb);
+    return () => this.off("read", cb);
+  }
+
   /** Emitted by the printer monitor whenever a printer's status CHANGES. */
   emitPrinterStatus(event: PrinterStatusEvent): void {
     this.emit("printer-status", event);
@@ -41,6 +75,21 @@ class DeviceEventBus extends EventEmitter {
     this.on("printer-status", cb);
     return () => this.off("printer-status", cb);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Emitted AFTER a signed business event is appended to the ledger (entry, exit,
+   * payment, void, …). The payload is the persisted row — business facts only, no
+   * secrets — so it is safe to fan out to authenticated booth clients over the WS.
+   * This is a read-side notification ONLY: it never feeds back into append/sign/
+   * chain logic. See event-log.ts (emitted from EventLog.append) and routes/ws.ts.
+   */
+  emitLedger(event: LedgerEventRow): void {
+    this.emit("ledger", event);
+  }
+  onLedger(cb: (event: LedgerEventRow) => void): () => void {
+    this.on("ledger", cb);
+    return () => this.off("ledger", cb);
+  }
 }
 
 /** Process-wide device event bus. */

apps/server/src/device-resolve.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import { and, eq, devices, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+
+// Device resolution for the pool-of-spaces model — NO lane. A parking lot is one
+// pool with a flexible set of entry/exit points. Direction lives on each RELAY
+// inside an access controller, and readers/cameras BIND to a (controller, relay).
+// See wiki/concepts/entry-exit-points.md.
+
+/** A flow direction. "both" = one relay/barrier serving entry AND exit. */
+export type Direction = "entry" | "exit" | "both";
+/** A concrete flow a credential/button drives (never "both"). */
+export type FlowDirection = "entry" | "exit";
+
+/** One relay on an access controller: which barrier it opens, in which direction,
+ *  and (optionally) the input terminal its entry button is wired to. */
+export interface RelaySpec {
+  /** 1-based relay channel on the board (the driver's pulseOpen(doorId)). */
+  readonly relay: number;
+  readonly direction: Direction;
+  /** 1-based input terminal of the entry button that fires this relay (transient
+   *  entry). Absent = no button at this barrier (subscriber/reader-driven only). */
+  readonly button?: number;
+}
+
+/** Access controller config (the `relays[]` map + connection fields). */
+interface AccessConfig {
+  readonly relays?: RelaySpec[];
+  readonly [k: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+/** Reader/camera config: optional binding to a controller relay. */
+interface BoundConfig {
+  /** The access `devices.id` this reader/camera sits at. */
+  readonly controllerId?: string;
+  /** The relay on that controller it opens. */
+  readonly relay?: number;
+  /** Fallback direction when not bound to a relay. */
+  readonly direction?: Direction;
+  readonly [k: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+/** A resolved barrier: the controller row + the specific relay to pulse. */
+export interface ResolvedRelay {
+  readonly controller: DeviceRow;
+  readonly relay: number;
+  readonly direction: Direction;
+}
+
+/** All enabled access controller rows. */
+function accessRows(db: Db): DeviceRow[] {
+  return db
+    .select()
+    .from(devices)
+    .where(eq(devices.category, "access"))
+    .all()
+    .filter((r) => r.enabled);
+}
+
+/** The relay specs declared on an access controller (defaults to none). */
+export function relaysOf(row: DeviceRow): RelaySpec[] {
+  const cfg = row.config as AccessConfig;
+  return Array.isArray(cfg.relays) ? cfg.relays : [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a button press to the relay it fires: the access controller with this
+ * deviceId, and the relay whose `button` terminal matches the pressed input. Only
+ * an ENTRY (or both) relay is a transient-entry trigger. Returns null otherwise.
+ */
+export function relayForButton(db: Db, controllerId: string, terminal: number): ResolvedRelay | null {
+  const row = db
+    .select()
+    .from(devices)
+    .where(and(eq(devices.id, controllerId), eq(devices.category, "access")))
+    .get();
+  if (!row || !row.enabled) return null;
+  const spec = relaysOf(row).find((r) => r.button === terminal);
+  if (!spec) return null;
+  if (spec.direction !== "entry" && spec.direction !== "both") return null;
+  return { controller: row, relay: spec.relay, direction: spec.direction };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a reader/camera to the relay it opens. Preferred: its config binding
+ * (controllerId + relay) → exactly that barrier, direction inherited from the relay
+ * spec. Fallback (unbound): the device's config.direction + the first relay site-
+ * wide matching that direction — keeps the single-barrier case trivial. Null if
+ * nothing resolves (no barrier to open).
+ */
+export function relayForDevice(db: Db, deviceRow: DeviceRow): ResolvedRelay | null {
+  const cfg = deviceRow.config as BoundConfig;
+
+  // Bound: follow controllerId + relay to the exact barrier.
+  if (cfg.controllerId && typeof cfg.relay === "number") {
+    const controller = db
+      .select()
+      .from(devices)
+      .where(and(eq(devices.id, cfg.controllerId), eq(devices.category, "access")))
+      .get();
+    if (controller && controller.enabled) {
+      const spec = relaysOf(controller).find((r) => r.relay === cfg.relay);
+      if (spec) return { controller, relay: spec.relay, direction: spec.direction };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Unbound: fall back to the device's declared direction + first matching relay.
+  const want = cfg.direction;
+  if (want === "entry" || want === "exit" || want === "both") {
+    return firstRelayByDirection(db, want === "both" ? "entry" : want);
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The first relay site-wide serving a direction ("both" relays match either).
+ * Used as the unbound fallback and where a flow only needs "an exit barrier".
+ */
+export function firstRelayByDirection(db: Db, direction: FlowDirection): ResolvedRelay | null {
+  for (const controller of accessRows(db)) {
+    const spec = relaysOf(controller).find(
+      (r) => r.direction === direction || r.direction === "both",
+    );
+    if (spec) return { controller, relay: spec.relay, direction: spec.direction };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** Enabled devices of a category whose direction matches `want` (or is "both").
+ *  Direction is inherited from each device's bound relay, else its config fallback.
+ *  Used for snapshots: every entry/exit camera fires on an entry/exit. */
+export function devicesByDirection(
+  db: Db,
+  category: DeviceRow["category"],
+  want: FlowDirection,
+): DeviceRow[] {
+  return db
+    .select()
+    .from(devices)
+    .where(eq(devices.category, category))
+    .all()
+    .filter((r) => {
+      if (!r.enabled) return false;
+      const d = directionOf(db, r);
+      return d === want || d === "both";
+    });
+}
+
+/** The direction a reader/camera operates in (inherited from its bound relay, or
+ *  its config fallback). "both" when undetermined → the flow infers. */
+export function directionOf(db: Db, deviceRow: DeviceRow): Direction {
+  const resolved = relayForDevice(db, deviceRow);
+  if (resolved) return resolved.direction;
+  const cfg = deviceRow.config as BoundConfig;
+  return cfg.direction === "entry" || cfg.direction === "exit" ? cfg.direction : "both";
+}

apps/server/src/entry-flow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+import { randomInt } from "node:crypto";
+import { eq, sessions, siteConfig, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import {
+  NoPrinterAvailableError,
+  printWithFailover,
+  registry,
+  type AccessControlDevice,
+  type PrinterDevice,
+  type PrinterInstance,
+  type TicketData,
+  type TicketHeader,
+} from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceInputEvent } from "./device-events.js";
+import { getOccupancy } from "./occupancy.js";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+import { devicesByDirection, relayForButton, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
+
+// The transient ENTRY flow: a button press → print a ticket → sign a vehicle_entry
+// → open the barrier. The button is wired into an access controller's input; the
+// admin maps that input terminal to a relay (config.relays[].button), so a press
+// resolves to exactly the entry relay it should open. See entry-exit-points.md.
+//
+// Two invariants from the threat model + safety analysis:
+//   1. SIGNED BEFORE OPEN — the vehicle_entry is appended to the signed ledger
+//      BEFORE pulseOpen fires; an open with no matching signed event is the fraud
+//      signal (wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md).
+//   2. HOLD ON PRINT FAILURE — a transient with no ticket can't pay on exit, so if
+//      all printers are down we do NOT open. We sign an `anomaly` (attempt, ticket
+//      unprinted) and leave the barrier closed; the operator handles the held car.
+//      Crucially, NO vehicle_entry is written in that case — we never record an
+//      "entered" event for a car that didn't get in (decision 2026-06-15).
+//
+// Ordering: print → (ok) sign vehicle_entry → pulseOpen → snapshot → cache session.
+//                   (fail) sign anomaly, stop.
+
+export class EntryFlow {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  /** Guard against double-fire from the same physical press (on edge only). */
+  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Handle a device input edge. Acts only on the rising ("on") edge of an entry
+   *  button — an input terminal mapped to an entry relay on its controller. */
+  async onInput(e: DeviceInputEvent): Promise<void> {
+    if (e.edge !== "on") return; // release edge is just telemetry
+
+    // The firing device must be an access controller, and the pressed input terminal
+    // must map to an ENTRY (or both) relay — that's an entry button. Anything else
+    // (reader/printer edge, exit-only relay's input) is not a transient-entry trigger.
+    const resolved = relayForButton(this.#db, e.deviceId, e.input);
+    if (!resolved) return;
+
+    const key = `${e.deviceId}:${e.input}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return; // ignore re-fire while one is processing
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      await this.#runEntry(resolved);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`entry-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #runEntry(resolved: ResolvedRelay): Promise<void> {
+    // CAPACITY GATE (transient only). When the lot is full, refuse transient entry:
+    // no ticket, no vehicle_entry, no open — sign an anomaly. Permit holders are NOT
+    // gated here (their flow ignores site-full; their own maxConcurrent applies), so
+    // subscribers aren't locked out. "Full" is a soft policy seam for valet over-
+    // capacity later. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+    const occ = getOccupancy(this.#db);
+    if (occ.full) {
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        payload: { reason: `transient entry refused — lot full (${occ.count}/${occ.capacity})`, entryRefused: true, full: true },
+      });
+      this.#logger.warn(`transient entry REFUSED: full (${occ.count}/${occ.capacity})`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const ticketId = newTicketId();
+    const issuedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    const printers = this.#loadPrinters();
+
+    // 1. PRINT FIRST. The ticket is the transient's session key — no ticket, no entry.
+    const ticket: TicketData = { ticketId, issuedAt, header: this.#ticketHeader() };
+    try {
+      const printedBy = await printWithFailover(printers, "entry-dispenser", (d: PrinterDevice) =>
+        d.printTicket(ticket),
+      );
+      this.#logger.info(`entry ticket ${ticketId} printed on ${printedBy}`);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // HOLD: do not open, do not record a vehicle_entry. Sign an anomaly so the
+      // failed attempt is in the tamper-evident record for the operator.
+      const reason =
+        err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError ? err.message : (err as Error).message;
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        identity: ticketId,
+        payload: { reason: `entry held — ticket not printed: ${reason}`, ticketPrinted: false },
+      });
+      this.#logger.warn(`entry HELD: ${reason} (barrier NOT opened)`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // 2. SIGN the vehicle_entry — BEFORE the relay fires (the core invariant).
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_entry",
+      direction: "entry",
+      source: "ticket",
+      identity: ticketId,
+      payload: { sessionRef: ticketId, ticketPrinted: true },
+      occurredAt: issuedAt,
+    });
+
+    // 3. OPEN the resolved entry barrier (intent only; the barrier owns the close).
+    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+    else this.#logger.warn(`entry signed for ${ticketId} but the entry relay won't build`);
+
+    // 3b. SNAPSHOT — fire the entry camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate;
+    //     a camera failure must not delay or block the already-open barrier).
+    void snapshotAsync({
+      db: this.#db,
+      direction: "entry",
+      identity: ticketId,
+      logger: this.#logger,
+    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`entry snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+
+    // 4. Update the session projection cache (rebuildable from the ledger; this is
+    //    just a fast read-model, never the source of truth).
+    try {
+      this.#db
+        .insert(sessions)
+        .values({ id: ticketId, identity: ticketId, source: "ticket", enteredAt: issuedAt, state: "open" })
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Cache miss is non-fatal — the ledger is authoritative and the projection
+      // can be rebuilt. Log it; don't fail the (already-open) entry.
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${ticketId}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
+  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Build live ENTRY printer instances (for failover selection). */
+  #loadPrinters(): PrinterInstance[] {
+    const rows = devicesByDirection(this.#db, "printer", "entry"); // already enabled-filtered
+    const out: PrinterInstance[] = [];
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+      if (!driver) continue;
+      const cfg = row.config as Record<string, unknown>;
+      const role = cfg.role === "booth-receipt" ? "booth-receipt" : "entry-dispenser";
+      try {
+        out.push({
+          id: row.id,
+          role,
+          failoverRank: typeof cfg.failoverRank === "number" ? cfg.failoverRank : 0,
+          device: driver.create(cfg as never) as PrinterDevice,
+        });
+      } catch {
+        // skip a printer whose config won't build
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** Park identity for the ticket header, from site_config (all fields optional;
+   *  the driver prints only what's set). See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md. */
+  #ticketHeader(): TicketHeader | undefined {
+    const row = this.#db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    if (!row) return undefined;
+    return {
+      parkName: row.parkName,
+      operatorName: row.operatorName,
+      nius: row.nius,
+      address: row.address,
+      phone: row.phone,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Opaque, unguessable transient ticket id (wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md).
+ *
+ * Format: 13 digits = 12 cryptographically-random digits + 1 trailing Luhn check
+ * digit. All-numeric so the booth can read it on ANY legacy 1D barcode scanner and
+ * an operator can hand-key it if every reader is down. RANDOM (not sequential): the
+ * id must stay unguessable so an attacker can't iterate to claim a cheaper session
+ * — the anti-fraud property the wiki settles. 12 random digits = 10^12 space, so
+ * collisions are negligible at lot scale; the unique constraints on
+ * ledger_events.index / sessions.id are the backstop. The Luhn digit lets a manual
+ * entry reject a typo (validateTicketCode) instead of failing as "session not found".
+ */
+function newTicketId(): string {
+  let body = "";
+  for (let i = 0; i < 12; i += 1) body += String(randomInt(10));
+  return body + luhnCheckDigit(body);
+}
+
+/** The Luhn (mod-10) check digit for an all-digit string. */
+function luhnCheckDigit(digits: string): string {
+  let sum = 0;
+  // Walk right-to-left; the check digit sits at position 0 from the right, so the
+  // last body digit is an "even" position that gets doubled.
+  let double = true;
+  for (let i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
+    let d = digits.charCodeAt(i) - 48;
+    if (double) {
+      d *= 2;
+      if (d > 9) d -= 9;
+    }
+    sum += d;
+    double = !double;
+  }
+  return String((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10);
+}
+
+/**
+ * True if `code` is a well-formed ticket code: all digits and a valid Luhn checksum.
+ * Lets a manual-entry path (operator types the code off the ticket when readers are
+ * down) reject a typo up front. A scanned/looked-up id that predates this format
+ * (e.g. legacy `T-<uuid>`) won't pass — callers should only gate MANUAL entry on it,
+ * never reject an id that already exists in the ledger. See ticket-encoding.md.
+ */
+export function validateTicketCode(code: string): boolean {
+  if (!/^\d{13}$/.test(code)) return false;
+  const body = code.slice(0, 12);
+  return luhnCheckDigit(body) === code[12];
+}

apps/server/src/event-log.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { createHash, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
-import { desc, events, type Db, type EventRow } from "@parking/db";
-import type { Direction, IdentitySource, ParkingEventType, Signer } from "@parking/shared";
+import { desc, ledgerEvents, type Db, type LedgerEventRow } from "@parking/db";
+import type { Direction, IdentitySource, LedgerEventType, LedgerPayload, Signer } from "@parking/shared";
 
 // The append-only, hash-chained, signed event log — the system's core anti-fraud
 // primitive (see wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md). Entry/exit and device
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ import type { Direction, IdentitySource, ParkingEventType, Signer } from "@parki
 //    so we guard it with an in-process async lock as well.
 
 export interface AppendInput {
-  readonly type: ParkingEventType;
-  readonly lane: number;
+  readonly type: LedgerEventType;
   readonly direction?: Direction | null;
   readonly source?: IdentitySource | null;
   readonly identity?: string | null;
+  /** Type-specific business data (amount, tariffVersionId, sessionRef…). Signed. */
+  readonly payload?: LedgerPayload | null;
   /** Event time (ISO-8601). Defaults to now. */
   readonly occurredAt?: string;
 }
@@ -36,9 +37,9 @@ export function canonicalize(e: {
   index: number;
   type: string;
   direction: string | null;
-  lane: number;
   source: string | null;
   identity: string | null;
+  payload: Record<string, unknown> | null;
   occurredAt: string;
   prevHash: string | null;
 }): string {
@@ -46,57 +47,107 @@ export function canonicalize(e: {
     e.index,
     e.type,
     e.direction ?? null,
-    e.lane,
     e.source ?? null,
     e.identity ?? null,
+    // Payload is part of the signed form so business data is tamper-evident.
+    // Serialize with sorted keys for byte-stability (object key order must not
+    // change a signature). null when the event type carries no payload.
+    canonicalPayload(e.payload),
     e.occurredAt,
     e.prevHash ?? null,
   ]);
 }
 
+/** Deterministic (key-sorted, recursive) JSON for the payload slot. */
+function canonicalPayload(p: Record<string, unknown> | null | undefined): unknown {
+  if (p == null) return null;
+  const sort = (v: unknown): unknown => {
+    if (Array.isArray(v)) return v.map(sort);
+    if (v && typeof v === "object") {
+      return Object.keys(v as Record<string, unknown>)
+        .sort()
+        .reduce<Record<string, unknown>>((o, k) => {
+          o[k] = sort((v as Record<string, unknown>)[k]);
+          return o;
+        }, {});
+    }
+    return v;
+  };
+  return sort(p);
+}
+
 /** SHA-256 of an event's canonical form (hex) — what the NEXT event chains to. */
 export function hashEvent(canonical: string): string {
   return createHash("sha256").update(canonical, "utf8").digest("hex");
 }
 
+/** Resolve a verifier for an event's stored `keyId` (see signer.buildVerifier).
+ *  Returns undefined when the key that signed an event is not available. */
+export type SignerResolver = (keyId: string) => Signer | undefined;
+
 export class EventLog {
   readonly #db: Db;
   readonly #signer: Signer;
+  /** Picks the verifying signer per event keyId; lets a chain span key rotations
+   *  (JWT-fallback → dedicated key → ATECC608). Defaults to the append signer for
+   *  callers that don't pass one (single-key chains, tests). */
+  readonly #resolveVerifier: SignerResolver;
+  /** Optional read-side notification, fired AFTER a row is durably inserted. Used
+   *  to fan the event out to live booth clients (WS). It is best-effort and must
+   *  NOT influence the append/sign/chain path — a throwing/absent sink is ignored. */
+  readonly #onAppended?: (row: LedgerEventRow) => void;
   /** Serialize appends: each waits for the previous to finish. */
   #tail: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve();
 
-  constructor(db: Db, signer: Signer) {
+  constructor(
+    db: Db,
+    signer: Signer,
+    resolveVerifier?: SignerResolver,
+    onAppended?: (row: LedgerEventRow) => void,
+  ) {
     this.#db = db;
     this.#signer = signer;
+    this.#resolveVerifier = resolveVerifier ?? (() => signer);
+    this.#onAppended = onAppended;
   }
 
   /** Append one event to the chain. Returns the persisted row. Serialized. */
-  append(input: AppendInput): Promise<EventRow> {
+  append(input: AppendInput): Promise<LedgerEventRow> {
     const run = this.#tail.then(() => this.#appendNow(input));
     // Keep the chain going even if one append rejects (don't wedge the lock).
     this.#tail = run.catch(() => undefined);
-    return run;
+    // Read-side notification, AFTER the row is durably written. Wrapped so a
+    // failing sink can never reject the append or break the chain lock above.
+    return run.then((row) => {
+      try {
+        this.#onAppended?.(row);
+      } catch {
+        // best-effort fan-out only — swallow.
+      }
+      return row;
+    });
   }
 
-  #appendNow(input: AppendInput): EventRow {
+  #appendNow(input: AppendInput): LedgerEventRow {
     const prev = this.#db
       .select()
-      .from(events)
-      .orderBy(desc(events.index))
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .orderBy(desc(ledgerEvents.index))
       .limit(1)
       .get();
 
     const index = (prev?.index ?? 0) + 1;
     const prevHash = prev ? hashEvent(canonicalize(prev)) : null;
     const occurredAt = input.occurredAt ?? new Date().toISOString();
+    const payload = input.payload ?? null;
 
     const canonical = canonicalize({
       index,
       type: input.type,
       direction: input.direction ?? null,
-      lane: input.lane,
       source: input.source ?? null,
       identity: input.identity ?? null,
+      payload,
       occurredAt,
       prevHash,
     });
@@ -106,26 +157,33 @@ export class EventLog {
       index,
       type: input.type,
       direction: input.direction ?? null,
-      lane: input.lane,
       source: input.source ?? null,
       identity: input.identity ?? null,
+      payload,
       occurredAt,
       prevHash,
       signature: this.#signer.sign(canonical),
+      keyId: this.#signer.keyId,
     };
 
-    this.#db.insert(events).values(row).run();
-    return row as EventRow;
+    this.#db.insert(ledgerEvents).values(row).run();
+    return row as LedgerEventRow;
   }
 
   /**
    * Walk the chain oldest→newest and recompute hashes + signatures. Returns the
    * first detected break, or { ok: true }. This is what reconciliation and an
    * integrity self-check call. Catches: tampered content, reordering, a deleted
-   * row (index gap), and a forged/invalid signature.
+   * row (index gap), a forged/invalid signature, and an event signed under a key
+   * that is no longer configured.
+   *
+   * Each row is verified against the signer for ITS OWN `keyId`, not the current
+   * append signer — so a chain that spans a key rotation (e.g. early events under
+   * the JWT_SECRET fallback, later ones under a dedicated EVENT_SIGNING_KEY) still
+   * verifies end to end. See signer.buildVerifier.
    */
   verifyChain(): { ok: true } | { ok: false; index: number; reason: string } {
-    const rows = this.#db.select().from(events).orderBy(events.index).all();
+    const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
     let expectedIndex = 1;
     let prevHash: string | null = null;
     for (const row of rows) {
@@ -135,8 +193,16 @@ export class EventLog {
       if ((row.prevHash ?? null) !== prevHash) {
         return { ok: false, index: row.index, reason: "prevHash does not match chain" };
       }
+      const verifier = this.#resolveVerifier(row.keyId);
+      if (!verifier) {
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          index: row.index,
+          reason: `no signer for keyId "${row.keyId}" (key not configured)`,
+        };
+      }
       const canonical = canonicalize(row);
-      if (!this.#signer.verify(canonical, row.signature)) {
+      if (!verifier.verify(canonical, row.signature)) {
         return { ok: false, index: row.index, reason: "signature invalid (content tampered or wrong key)" };
       }
       prevHash = hashEvent(canonical);

apps/server/src/exit-flow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import { firstRelayByDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
+import { computeFee, type LedgerPayload, type TariffStructure } from "@parking/shared";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+
+// The EXIT flow (pay-on-foot model): a credential read at the exit lane → look up
+// the session → validate it is PAID and within the walk-back grace → sign a
+// vehicle_exit → open. Payment is decoupled from exit (it happens earlier at the
+// pay station); the exit lane only VALIDATES. See wiki/concepts/parking-session.md.
+//
+// Validation is a fold over the SIGNED ledger (the authoritative record), not the
+// projection cache: find the open vehicle_entry for this identity, then a covering
+// payment within grace. The cache is updated after, for fast reads.
+//
+// REJECT (barrier stays closed) when unpaid / over grace — this is correct business
+// logic, NOT a fail-state. "Exit fails OPEN" (fail-state-safety) is about the SYSTEM
+// being unable to decide (power/host loss), not about an unpaid car; an unpaid driver
+// is sent back to the pay station, the rejection is logged.
+//
+// NOTE: payments / the pay station don't exist yet, so no session is ever PAID — every
+// transient exit currently REJECTS (logged). That's the correct end-state; it becomes
+// passable once the pay-station + `payment` events land.
+
+interface SessionView {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly enteredAt: string;
+  readonly open: boolean; // no vehicle_exit yet
+  readonly paidAt: string | null; // latest payment time, if any
+  readonly graceExitMin: number | null; // from the payment's tariff context, if known
+  // Within the FREE entry-grace window (a quick in-and-out that the tariff prices at
+  // 0). When true the exit opens without a pay-station visit — we mint a $0 payment so
+  // the ledger's "an exit is covered by a payment" invariant still holds. Null when no
+  // active tariff resolves (then we fall back to the normal paid check).
+  readonly freeGrace: { tariffVersionId: string; currency: string; graceExitMin: number } | null;
+}
+
+/** Result of a booth-driven exit (POST /api/exit). `ok=false` = validation rejected
+ *  (nothing signed beyond an anomaly). `ok=true, opened=false` = exit IS signed but
+ *  the barrier didn't open (payment stands; operator opens manually). */
+export type BoothExitResult =
+  | { ok: false; status: "invalid" | "no_session" | "closed" | "unpaid" | "grace_expired"; reason: string }
+  | { ok: true; opened: true }
+  | { ok: true; opened: false; reason: string };
+
+/** Result of a human-intervention barrier re-open (POST /api/barrier/reopen).
+ *  `ok=false` = refused (no session / unpaid). `ok=true, opened=false` = the
+ *  intervention was recorded (signed anomaly) but the relay did not fire. */
+export type BoothReopenResult =
+  | { ok: false; reason: string }
+  | { ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string };
+
+export class ExitFlow {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * BOOTH-driven exit: the operator (not a reader at the lane) opens the barrier for
+   * a ticket. Runs the SAME validation as the reader path — there is no booth-only
+   * bypass that admits an unpaid car (see wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md +
+   * threat-model.md). On a valid session it signs vehicle_exit, resolves AN exit
+   * relay site-wide, pulses it, and fires the exit snapshot.
+   *
+   * Returns a discriminated result so the route can react precisely:
+   *  - { ok: false, status } when validation rejects (unpaid / no session / closed)
+   *    — nothing is signed beyond the existing anomaly; the operator takes payment.
+   *  - { ok: true, opened: true } on a clean exit.
+   *  - { ok: true, opened: false } when the exit IS signed but the relay open FAILED
+   *    (offline controller / no exit relay). The signed payment + vehicle_exit STAND
+   *    (money was taken, the car is owed an exit) and an `anomaly` is appended so the
+   *    operator opens manually. Payment is never rolled back.
+   */
+  async exitForBooth(identity: string): Promise<BoothExitResult> {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    if (!id) return { ok: false, status: "invalid", reason: "ticket id required" };
+
+    const key = `booth:${id}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { ok: false, status: "invalid", reason: "exit already in progress" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      const view = this.#sessionFor(id);
+
+      // No open session — unknown/closed ticket. Sign an anomaly (same as the reader
+      // path) so a booth attempt on a bad ticket is auditable.
+      if (!view || !view.open) {
+        const reason = view ? "exit refused — session already closed" : "exit refused — no open session for ticket";
+        await this.#log.append({ type: "anomaly", identity: id, payload: { reason, exitRefused: true, source: "booth" } });
+        this.#logger.warn(`booth exit refused (${id}): ${reason}`);
+        return { ok: false, status: view ? "closed" : "no_session", reason };
+      }
+
+      // PAID + within grace, OR free entry-grace — the same checks the reader uses.
+      const freeGrace = view.paidAt == null && view.freeGrace != null;
+      const paid = view.paidAt != null;
+      const withinGrace =
+        paid && view.graceExitMin != null && Date.now() - Date.parse(view.paidAt!) <= view.graceExitMin * 60_000;
+
+      if (!freeGrace && (!paid || !withinGrace)) {
+        const reason = !paid
+          ? "exit refused — not paid (take payment first)"
+          : "exit refused — walk-back grace expired (top-up required)";
+        await this.#log.append({ type: "anomaly", identity: id, payload: { reason, exitRefused: true, source: "booth" } });
+        this.#logger.warn(`booth exit refused (${id}): ${reason}`);
+        return { ok: false, status: paid ? "grace_expired" : "unpaid", reason };
+      }
+
+      // Free entry-grace path: mint the $0 payment first (ledger invariant), as the
+      // reader path does.
+      if (freeGrace && view.freeGrace) {
+        await this.#log.append({
+          type: "payment",
+          identity: id,
+          payload: {
+            sessionRef: id,
+            amountMinor: 0,
+            currency: view.freeGrace.currency,
+            tariffVersionId: view.freeGrace.tariffVersionId,
+            graceExitMin: view.freeGrace.graceExitMin,
+            reason: "free entry-grace (no charge)",
+          },
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Resolve AN exit barrier site-wide (no reader binding to follow at the booth).
+      const resolved = firstRelayByDirection(this.#db, "exit");
+
+      // Sign the vehicle_exit regardless of whether a relay resolves — the decision
+      // to let the car out has been made and validated. Then attempt the open.
+      await this.#signExit(id);
+
+      if (!resolved) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, "no exit relay configured");
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but no exit barrier is configured — open manually" };
+      }
+      const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+      if (!access) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, "exit controller would not build");
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but the barrier is unavailable — open manually" };
+      }
+      try {
+        await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+      } catch (err) {
+        await this.#openFailedAnomaly(id, `pulseOpen failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "exit recorded, but the barrier did not open — open manually" };
+      }
+
+      this.#fireExitSnapshot(id);
+      this.#closeSessionCache(id);
+      return { ok: true, opened: true };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * HUMAN-INTERVENTION barrier re-open for an ACTIVE session (booth Active Sessions
+   * list). The barrier is unconfirmed; a car may be stuck after a damaged-ticket
+   * read, a dead scanner, or a phantom re-close (animal / bag / box). The operator
+   * opens the barrier with a signed trace.
+   *
+   * Guard: requires a PAYMENT — no payment, no re-open (the no-unpaid-bypass rule;
+   * the UI also hides the button). Unlike exitForBooth this does NOT sign a
+   * `vehicle_exit` (the session may already be exited; a second exit would
+   * double-count occupancy). It re-pulses the exit relay and signs an `anomaly`
+   * ("manual barrier open", attributed). Idempotent-safe per identity via #inFlight.
+   * See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+   */
+  async reopenBarrier(identity: string, operator?: string): Promise<BoothReopenResult> {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    if (!id) return { ok: false, reason: "ticket id required" };
+
+    const view = this.#sessionFor(id);
+    if (!view) return { ok: false, reason: "no session for ticket" };
+    // No payment → no re-open. The barrier-open action is only for sessions that
+    // have been paid (or paid-then-exited within grace). An unpaid car takes the
+    // pay/exit flow instead — enforced here, not just in the UI.
+    if (view.paidAt == null) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: "session not paid — no barrier open without payment" };
+    }
+
+    const key = `reopen:${id}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { ok: false, reason: "re-open already in progress" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      const resolved = firstRelayByDirection(this.#db, "exit");
+      // Sign the audited anomaly FIRST (the intervention is recorded whether or not
+      // the physical open succeeds) — never a second vehicle_exit.
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        identity: id,
+        payload: {
+          reason: "manual barrier open (human intervention)",
+          source: "booth",
+          barrierReopen: true,
+          ...(operator ? { operator } : {}),
+        },
+      });
+
+      if (!resolved) {
+        this.#logger.warn(`barrier re-open for ${id}: no exit relay configured`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "no exit barrier configured — open manually" };
+      }
+      const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+      if (!access) {
+        this.#logger.warn(`barrier re-open for ${id}: exit controller would not build`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "barrier unavailable — open manually" };
+      }
+      try {
+        await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.#logger.error(`barrier re-open pulseOpen failed (${id}): ${(err as Error).message}`);
+        return { ok: true, opened: false, reason: "barrier did not open — open manually" };
+      }
+      this.#logger.info(`manual barrier open for ${id}${operator ? ` by ${operator}` : ""}`);
+      return { ok: true, opened: true };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Handle a transient-ticket read at an exit barrier (the relay pre-resolved by the
+   *  read dispatcher from the reader's binding, which has ruled out a permit match). */
+  async handleAt(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const key = `${e.deviceId}:${e.value}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      return await this.#runExit(resolved, e);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`exit-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #runExit(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const view = this.#sessionFor(e.value);
+
+    // No matching open session — unknown/duplicate ticket. Reject + log.
+    if (!view || !view.open) {
+      const reason = view ? "exit refused — session already closed" : "exit refused — no open session for credential";
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        identity: e.value,
+        payload: { reason, exitRefused: true },
+      });
+      this.#logger.warn(`exit refused: no open session for ${e.value}`);
+      return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
+    }
+
+    // FREE entry-grace: a quick in-and-out the tariff prices at 0 exits at the gate
+    // with no pay-station visit. Mint a signed $0 `payment` first so the ledger keeps
+    // its "an exit is covered by a payment" invariant, then fall through to open.
+    // Only when NOT already paid (a real payment, walk-back grace, takes precedence).
+    if (view.paidAt == null && view.freeGrace) {
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "payment",
+        // No `source` (not operator-keyed nor a read) — the payload reason marks it.
+        identity: e.value,
+        payload: {
+          sessionRef: e.value,
+          amountMinor: 0,
+          currency: view.freeGrace.currency,
+          tariffVersionId: view.freeGrace.tariffVersionId,
+          graceExitMin: view.freeGrace.graceExitMin,
+          reason: "free entry-grace (no charge)",
+        },
+      });
+      this.#logger.info(`exit free within entry-grace (${e.value})`);
+      return this.#signExitAndOpen(resolved, e);
+    }
+
+    // PAID + within walk-back grace?
+    const paid = view.paidAt != null;
+    const withinGrace =
+      paid &&
+      view.graceExitMin != null &&
+      Date.now() - Date.parse(view.paidAt!) <= view.graceExitMin * 60_000;
+
+    if (!paid || !withinGrace) {
+      const reason = !paid
+        ? "exit refused — not paid (pay at the station)"
+        : "exit refused — walk-back grace expired (top-up required)";
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "anomaly",
+        identity: e.value,
+        payload: { reason, exitRefused: true, sessionRef: e.value },
+      });
+      this.#logger.warn(`exit refused (${e.value}): ${reason}`);
+      return { accepted: false, direction: "exit", reason };
+    }
+
+    // Valid (a real payment within walk-back grace): sign + open.
+    return this.#signExitAndOpen(resolved, e);
+  }
+
+  /** Sign the vehicle_exit BEFORE opening, then open, snapshot, and update the cache.
+   *  Shared by the paid-exit and free-entry-grace paths. The caller has already
+   *  established the session is allowed out (and, for grace, minted the $0 payment). */
+  async #signExitAndOpen(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    await this.#signExit(e.value, e.kind === "plate" ? "lpr" : "ticket");
+
+    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+    else this.#logger.warn(`exit signed for ${e.value} but the exit relay won't build`);
+
+    this.#fireExitSnapshot(e.value);
+    this.#closeSessionCache(e.value);
+    return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+  }
+
+  /** Append the signed vehicle_exit. `source` defaults to "ticket" (booth/manual). */
+  async #signExit(identity: string, source: "ticket" | "lpr" = "ticket"): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_exit",
+      direction: "exit",
+      source,
+      identity,
+      payload: { sessionRef: identity },
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Fire the exit camera(s); never awaited (evidence, not a gate). */
+  #fireExitSnapshot(identity: string): void {
+    void snapshotAsync({
+      db: this.#db,
+      direction: "exit",
+      identity,
+      logger: this.#logger,
+    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`exit snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+  }
+
+  /** Update the (rebuildable) session projection cache to closed. */
+  #closeSessionCache(identity: string): void {
+    try {
+      this.#db
+        .update(sessions)
+        .set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" })
+        .where(eq(sessions.id, identity))
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${identity}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Record an audited anomaly when an exit was signed but the barrier didn't open.
+   *  The payment + exit STAND; this tells the operator to open manually. */
+  async #openFailedAnomaly(identity: string, detail: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "anomaly",
+      identity,
+      payload: { reason: "exit signed but barrier open failed", detail, source: "booth", exitOpenFailed: true },
+    });
+    this.#logger.error(`booth exit open failed (${identity}): ${detail}`);
+  }
+
+  /** Fold the signed ledger into a session view for one identity (authoritative). */
+  #sessionFor(identity: string): SessionView | null {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, identity))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all();
+    if (rows.length === 0) return null;
+
+    const entry = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry");
+    if (!entry) return null;
+    const exited = rows.some((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit");
+
+    let paidAt: string | null = null;
+    let graceExitMin: number | null = null;
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      if (r.type === "payment") {
+        paidAt = r.occurredAt;
+        const p = (r.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload & { graceExitMin?: number };
+        if (typeof p.graceExitMin === "number") graceExitMin = p.graceExitMin;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Free entry-grace: if the tariff prices entry→now at 0 (a quick in-and-out),
+    // the exit may open at the gate. Resolve against the tariff in force at entry,
+    // same as the pay station. Null when no payment is needed yet and no tariff
+    // resolves — then exit falls back to the normal paid check.
+    let freeGrace: SessionView["freeGrace"] = null;
+    if (!exited && paidAt == null) {
+      const tv = this.#tariffVersionFor(entry.occurredAt);
+      if (tv) {
+        const structure = tv.structure as unknown as TariffStructure;
+        const fee = computeFee(entry.occurredAt, new Date().toISOString(), structure);
+        if (fee === 0) {
+          freeGrace = {
+            tariffVersionId: tv.id,
+            currency: tv.currency,
+            graceExitMin: structure.gracePeriodExitMin,
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      identity,
+      enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
+      open: !exited,
+      paidAt,
+      graceExitMin,
+      freeGrace,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** The tariff version in force at `at` — latest effectiveFrom ≤ at, for the
+   *  (single, for now) active site tariff. Mirrors PayStation#tariffVersionFor. */
+  #tariffVersionFor(at: string) {
+    const tariff = this.#db.select().from(tariffs).where(eq(tariffs.scope, "site")).get();
+    if (!tariff) return null;
+    const versions = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(tariffVersions)
+      .where(eq(tariffVersions.tariffId, tariff.id))
+      .orderBy(desc(tariffVersions.effectiveFrom))
+      .all();
+    return versions.find((v) => v.effectiveFrom <= at) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
+  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/lane-map.ts

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import { laneDevices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
-
-// Resolves a device instance id (lane_devices.id) to its lane number.
-//
-// Device pushes/events carry the `lane_devices` id (which device fired), not a
-// lane. The event log wants the lane, so we keep a small in-memory id->lane map
-// rebuilt from the DB at startup and refreshed whenever assignments change
-// (assign/unassign). It's tiny (one row per device) and read on the hot path of
-// every input event, so a cached map beats a per-event DB lookup.
-export class LaneMap {
-  readonly #db: Db;
-  #byDeviceId = new Map<string, number>();
-
-  constructor(db: Db) {
-    this.#db = db;
-  }
-
-  /** (Re)load the id->lane map from the lane_devices table. */
-  refresh(): void {
-    const rows = this.#db.select().from(laneDevices).all();
-    const next = new Map<string, number>();
-    for (const r of rows) next.set(r.id, r.lane);
-    this.#byDeviceId = next;
-  }
-
-  /** Lane for a device instance id, or null if the device isn't known. */
-  laneFor(deviceId: string): number | null {
-    return this.#byDeviceId.get(deviceId) ?? null;
-  }
-}

apps/server/src/occupancy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { eq, ledgerEvents, siteConfig, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+
+// Occupancy = a FOLD over the signed ledger: the count of vehicle_entry events
+// with no matching vehicle_exit. Never a hand-maintained counter (which is
+// editable + drifts) — the chain is the truth. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+
+export interface Occupancy {
+  /** Cars currently inside (open sessions). */
+  readonly count: number;
+  /** Admin-set nominal capacity, or null = no limit. */
+  readonly capacity: number | null;
+  /** capacity − count, or null when uncapped. Can read 0 (or below) when full. */
+  readonly free: number | null;
+  /** True when count ≥ capacity (always false when uncapped). */
+  readonly full: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Count cars inside: entries minus exits, per identity, over the ledger. */
+export function occupancyCount(db: Db): number {
+  const rows = db
+    .select({ type: ledgerEvents.type, identity: ledgerEvents.identity })
+    .from(ledgerEvents)
+    .all();
+  const balance = new Map<string, number>();
+  for (const r of rows) {
+    if (r.type === "vehicle_entry") balance.set(r.identity ?? "", (balance.get(r.identity ?? "") ?? 0) + 1);
+    else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") balance.set(r.identity ?? "", (balance.get(r.identity ?? "") ?? 0) - 1);
+  }
+  let open = 0;
+  for (const v of balance.values()) if (v > 0) open += 1;
+  return open;
+}
+
+/** Admin-set capacity (null = uncapped). */
+export function siteCapacity(db: Db): number | null {
+  const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+  return row?.capacity ?? null;
+}
+
+export function getOccupancy(db: Db): Occupancy {
+  const count = occupancyCount(db);
+  const capacity = siteCapacity(db);
+  return {
+    count,
+    capacity,
+    free: capacity == null ? null : capacity - count,
+    full: capacity != null && count >= capacity,
+  };
+}

apps/server/src/pay-station.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import { desc, eq, ledgerEvents, sessions, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { computeFee, type TariffStructure, type Tender } from "@parking/shared";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+
+// The PAY STATION: a customer pays for an open session BEFORE walking back to the
+// car (pay-on-foot — payment is decoupled from exit). Two steps:
+//   1. quote(identity)  → look up the open session, price it against the tariff in
+//      force at entry, return the amount due (no side effect).
+//   2. pay(identity, tender) → re-price, append a SIGNED `payment` event carrying
+//      the amount, currency, tender, tariffVersionId, and graceExitMin (so the exit
+//      flow can validate paid + within walk-back grace). Payment is a signed ledger
+//      event, never a mutable "paid" flag — an operator can't forge or delete it.
+// See wiki/concepts/tariff.md, parking-session.md.
+
+export class NoOpenSessionError extends Error {
+  constructor(identity: string) {
+    super(`no open session for ${identity}`);
+    this.name = "NoOpenSessionError";
+  }
+}
+export class NoTariffError extends Error {
+  constructor() {
+    super("no active tariff configured");
+    this.name = "NoTariffError";
+  }
+}
+
+export interface Quote {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly enteredAt: string;
+  readonly amountMinor: number;
+  readonly currency: string;
+  readonly tariffVersionId: string;
+  readonly graceExitMin: number;
+}
+
+/** One row in the booth Active Sessions list. A session is "active" while it is
+ *  still open OR exited-but-within-grace — because the barrier is UNCONFIRMED, a
+ *  paid/exited car is presumed possibly-still-present until grace expires. The
+ *  "Open barrier" action is offered only when `paidAt != null` (no payment, no
+ *  button — the no-unpaid-bypass rule). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md. */
+export interface ActiveSession {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly source: string | null;
+  readonly enteredAt: string;
+  /** null while still inside; set once a vehicle_exit is signed (may still be present). */
+  readonly exitedAt: string | null;
+  readonly open: boolean;
+  readonly paidAt: string | null;
+  /** Amount owed now (open + unpaid only; null otherwise / no tariff). */
+  readonly amountMinor: number | null;
+  readonly currency: string | null;
+  readonly withinGrace: boolean;
+  readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Booth session view: everything the pay/exit modal needs in one read. */
+export interface SessionLookup {
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly found: boolean;
+  /** Open = entered, no exit yet. */
+  readonly open: boolean;
+  readonly enteredAt: string | null;
+  readonly exitedAt: string | null;
+  /** Latest payment time, if paid. */
+  readonly paidAt: string | null;
+  /** Amount owed right now (the quote). Null when no session / no active tariff. */
+  readonly amountMinor: number | null;
+  readonly currency: string | null;
+  /** True when paid AND still within the walk-back grace window. */
+  readonly withinGrace: boolean;
+  /** ISO time the walk-back grace expires (paidAt + graceExitMin), if paid. */
+  readonly graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+}
+
+export class PayStation {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Price an open session against the tariff in force at its entry. No side effect. */
+  quote(identity: string): Quote {
+    const entry = this.#openEntry(identity);
+    if (!entry) throw new NoOpenSessionError(identity);
+
+    const tv = this.#tariffVersionFor(entry.occurredAt);
+    if (!tv) throw new NoTariffError();
+    const structure = tv.structure as unknown as TariffStructure;
+
+    const amountMinor = computeFee(entry.occurredAt, new Date().toISOString(), structure);
+    return {
+      identity,
+      enteredAt: entry.occurredAt,
+      amountMinor,
+      currency: tv.currency,
+      tariffVersionId: tv.id,
+      graceExitMin: structure.gracePeriodExitMin,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Take payment for a session and append the signed `payment` event. Re-quotes at
+   * the moment of payment (the customer pays for time parked SO FAR). For an
+   * overstay top-up the same call re-prices entry→now and the exit flow's
+   * grace-window restarts from this payment. `overrideMinor` lets the operator set
+   * an arbitrary amount (lost ticket / dispute) — recorded as the charged amount.
+   */
+  async pay(
+    identity: string,
+    tender: Tender,
+    overrideMinor?: number,
+  ): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; currency: string }> {
+    const q = this.quote(identity);
+    const amountMinor = overrideMinor ?? q.amountMinor;
+
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "payment",
+      source: "manual",
+      identity,
+      payload: {
+        sessionRef: identity,
+        amountMinor,
+        currency: q.currency,
+        tender,
+        tariffVersionId: q.tariffVersionId,
+        // The exit flow reads graceExitMin off the payment to validate the
+        // walk-back window without re-resolving the tariff.
+        graceExitMin: q.graceExitMin,
+        ...(overrideMinor != null ? { reason: "operator-set amount", quotedMinor: q.amountMinor } : {}),
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Update the projection cache (rebuildable; not the source of truth).
+    try {
+      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ state: "paid" }).where(eq(sessions.id, identity)).run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache mark-paid failed for ${identity}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+
+    this.#logger.info(`payment ${amountMinor} ${q.currency} (${tender}) for ${identity}`);
+    return { amountMinor, currency: q.currency };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * One-read session view for the booth pay/exit modal: entry/exit times, paid
+   * state, amount owed now, and walk-back-grace status. Read-only — folds the
+   * signed ledger (authoritative). A quote failure (no tariff) leaves amount null
+   * rather than throwing, so the modal can still show the session.
+   */
+  lookup(identity: string): SessionLookup {
+    const id = identity.trim();
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, id))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all();
+    const entry = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry");
+    if (!entry) {
+      return {
+        identity: id, found: false, open: false, enteredAt: null, exitedAt: null,
+        paidAt: null, amountMinor: null, currency: null, withinGrace: false, graceExpiresAt: null,
+      };
+    }
+    const exitRow = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit");
+    const open = !exitRow;
+
+    let paidAt: string | null = null;
+    let graceExitMin: number | null = null;
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      if (r.type === "payment") {
+        paidAt = r.occurredAt;
+        const p = (r.payload ?? {}) as { graceExitMin?: number };
+        if (typeof p.graceExitMin === "number") graceExitMin = p.graceExitMin;
+      }
+    }
+    const graceExpiresAt =
+      paidAt && graceExitMin != null ? new Date(Date.parse(paidAt) + graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString() : null;
+    const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && Date.now() <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
+
+    // Amount owed now (best-effort; null if no tariff resolves). Only meaningful while open.
+    let amountMinor: number | null = null;
+    let currency: string | null = null;
+    if (open) {
+      try {
+        const q = this.quote(id);
+        amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
+        currency = q.currency;
+      } catch {
+        /* no active tariff — leave null; modal shows session without a price */
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      identity: id, found: true, open,
+      enteredAt: entry.occurredAt, exitedAt: exitRow?.occurredAt ?? null,
+      paidAt, amountMinor, currency, withinGrace, graceExpiresAt,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * All ACTIVE sessions for the booth list: still-open, OR exited-but-within-grace
+   * (the barrier is unconfirmed, so a paid/exited car is presumed possibly-present
+   * until grace expires). One ledger scan, grouped by identity (cheaper than N
+   * lookups). Sorted by entry time, newest first. Folds the SIGNED ledger
+   * (authoritative — not the sessions projection cache, which can drift).
+   * See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+   */
+  activeSessions(): ActiveSession[] {
+    const rows = this.#db.select().from(ledgerEvents).orderBy(ledgerEvents.index).all();
+
+    // Group the relevant events per identity in one pass.
+    type Acc = { enteredAt?: string; source: string | null; exitedAt?: string; paidAt?: string; graceExitMin?: number };
+    const byId = new Map<string, Acc>();
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const id = r.identity;
+      if (!id) continue;
+      if (r.type === "vehicle_entry") {
+        const a = byId.get(id) ?? { source: r.source ?? null };
+        a.enteredAt = r.occurredAt;
+        a.source = r.source ?? a.source;
+        byId.set(id, a);
+      } else if (r.type === "vehicle_exit") {
+        const a = byId.get(id);
+        if (a) a.exitedAt = r.occurredAt;
+      } else if (r.type === "payment") {
+        const a = byId.get(id);
+        if (a) {
+          a.paidAt = r.occurredAt;
+          const p = (r.payload ?? {}) as { graceExitMin?: number };
+          if (typeof p.graceExitMin === "number") a.graceExitMin = p.graceExitMin;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const out: ActiveSession[] = [];
+    for (const [identity, a] of byId) {
+      if (!a.enteredAt) continue; // no entry → not a real session
+      const open = a.exitedAt == null;
+      const graceExpiresAt =
+        a.paidAt && a.graceExitMin != null
+          ? new Date(Date.parse(a.paidAt) + a.graceExitMin * 60_000).toISOString()
+          : null;
+      const withinGrace = graceExpiresAt != null && now <= Date.parse(graceExpiresAt);
+
+      // ACTIVE = still inside, OR exited but still within the (unconfirmed) grace window.
+      // An exited session past grace is presumed truly gone → omitted.
+      if (!open && !withinGrace) continue;
+
+      // Amount owed now: only meaningful for an open + unpaid session.
+      let amountMinor: number | null = null;
+      let currency: string | null = null;
+      if (open && a.paidAt == null) {
+        try {
+          const q = this.quote(identity);
+          amountMinor = q.amountMinor;
+          currency = q.currency;
+        } catch {
+          /* no active tariff — leave null */
+        }
+      }
+
+      out.push({
+        identity,
+        source: a.source,
+        enteredAt: a.enteredAt,
+        exitedAt: a.exitedAt ?? null,
+        open,
+        paidAt: a.paidAt ?? null,
+        amountMinor,
+        currency,
+        withinGrace,
+        graceExpiresAt,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Newest entry first.
+    out.sort((x, y) => Date.parse(y.enteredAt) - Date.parse(x.enteredAt));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** The vehicle_entry of an OPEN session for this identity (no later exit), or null. */
+  #openEntry(identity: string) {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, identity))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all();
+    const entry = rows.find((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry");
+    if (!entry) return null;
+    if (rows.some((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit")) return null; // already closed
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+  /** The tariff version in force at `at` — latest effectiveFrom ≤ at, for the
+   *  (single, for now) active site tariff. */
+  #tariffVersionFor(at: string) {
+    const tariff = this.#db.select().from(tariffs).where(eq(tariffs.scope, "site")).get();
+    if (!tariff) return null;
+    const versions = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(tariffVersions)
+      .where(eq(tariffVersions.tariffId, tariff.id))
+      .orderBy(desc(tariffVersions.effectiveFrom))
+      .all();
+    return versions.find((v) => v.effectiveFrom <= at) ?? null;
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/permit-flow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import { eq, ledgerEvents, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, sessions, type Db, type DeviceRow } from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type AccessControlDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+import { type FlowDirection, type ResolvedRelay } from "./device-resolve.js";
+import { snapshotAsync } from "./snapshot.js";
+
+// PERMIT flow: a subscriber identified by card/QR/plate enters/exits without paying.
+// Reached from the read dispatcher when a read matches a permit (not an open ticket).
+// See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+//
+// Two optional, independent bindings:
+//   - car-count: `maxConcurrent` (default 1, null = unbound) — how many of the
+//     permit's cars may be inside at once; enforced over the session projection.
+//   - plate: optional `plates[]` — when set, a matching plate is an accepted identity
+//     too (card/QR OR plate). When unset, any car may use the permit's card/QR.
+//
+// Direction is inferred from session state for THAT car (the read credential value
+// is the per-car session key): no open session → ENTRY; open session → EXIT. So a
+// fleet permit can have several cars in at once, each its own session, and
+// anti-passback falls out (a second "entry" on a car already in becomes its exit).
+
+export interface PermitMatch {
+  readonly permitId: string;
+  /** The specific credential/plate value read — the per-car session key. */
+  readonly carKey: string;
+  readonly via: "card" | "qr" | "plate";
+}
+
+export class PermitFlow {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+  readonly #inFlight = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve a read to a permit (by card/QR credential, or by a bound plate), or null. */
+  match(e: DeviceReadEvent): PermitMatch | null {
+    // Card / QR / generic credential value.
+    const cred = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(permitCredentials)
+      .where(eq(permitCredentials.value, e.value))
+      .get();
+    if (cred) {
+      return { permitId: cred.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: cred.kind === "qr" ? "qr" : "card" };
+    }
+    // Plate binding: a read plate that matches a permit's bound plate is an identity.
+    if (e.kind === "plate") {
+      const plate = this.#db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.plate, e.value)).get();
+      if (plate) return { permitId: plate.permitId, carKey: e.value, via: "plate" };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** Run the permit entry/exit for a matched read at a barrier. `resolved` is the
+   *  reader's bound relay; its direction constrains, "both" defers to session state. */
+  async run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const key = `${m.permitId}:${m.carKey}`;
+    if (this.#inFlight.has(key)) return { accepted: false, reason: "duplicate read in flight" };
+    this.#inFlight.add(key);
+    try {
+      return await this.#run(resolved, e, m);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`permit-flow failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      return { accepted: false, reason: (err as Error).message };
+    } finally {
+      this.#inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #run(resolved: ResolvedRelay, e: DeviceReadEvent, m: PermitMatch): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const permit = this.#db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, m.permitId)).get();
+    if (!permit) return { accepted: false, reason: "permit not found" };
+
+    // Validity: active + within the coverage window.
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    const invalid =
+      permit.status !== "active" ||
+      (permit.validFrom != null && now < permit.validFrom) ||
+      (permit.validTo != null && now > permit.validTo);
+    if (invalid) {
+      const reason = `permit ${permit.status}/out-of-window`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, reason };
+    }
+
+    // Direction: the car's open-session state is the natural verb (in→exit, out→entry).
+    // The barrier the car is at (resolved.direction) must AGREE — a car at an exit
+    // barrier that isn't inside (or at an entry barrier while already in) is a
+    // wrong-barrier / anti-passback signal, refused + logged. A "both" barrier follows
+    // the session state.
+    const carOpen = this.#carHasOpenSession(m.carKey);
+    const inferred: FlowDirection = carOpen ? "exit" : "entry";
+    if (resolved.direction !== "both" && resolved.direction !== inferred) {
+      const reason = `permit wrong barrier — ${resolved.direction} barrier but car would ${inferred}`;
+      await this.#reject(m, reason);
+      return { accepted: false, direction: resolved.direction === "exit" ? "exit" : "entry", reason };
+    }
+
+    if (carOpen) {
+      // EXIT: this car is already inside → the read is its exit.
+      await this.#log.append({
+        type: "vehicle_exit",
+        direction: "exit",
+        source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
+        identity: m.carKey,
+        payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId },
+      });
+      await this.#open(resolved, "exit", m.carKey, "permit exit");
+      this.#closeCache(m.carKey);
+      return { accepted: true, direction: "exit" };
+    }
+
+    // ENTRY: enforce the car-count binding (maxConcurrent), then sign + open.
+    if (permit.maxConcurrent != null) {
+      const open = this.#permitOpenCount(m.permitId);
+      if (open >= permit.maxConcurrent) {
+        const reason = `permit at capacity (${open}/${permit.maxConcurrent} cars in)`;
+        await this.#reject(m, reason);
+        return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason };
+      }
+    }
+
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "vehicle_entry",
+      direction: "entry",
+      source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : m.via === "qr" ? "qr" : "wiegand",
+      identity: m.carKey,
+      // No ticket, no fee — the permit IS the authorization. Recorded for audit.
+      payload: { sessionRef: m.carKey, permitId: m.permitId, permit: true },
+      occurredAt: now,
+    });
+    await this.#open(resolved, "entry", m.carKey, "permit entry");
+    try {
+      this.#db
+        .insert(sessions)
+        .values({ id: m.carKey, identity: m.carKey, source: m.via === "plate" ? "lpr" : "wiegand", permitId: m.permitId, enteredAt: now, state: "open" })
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache insert failed for ${m.carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+    return { accepted: true, direction: "entry" };
+  }
+
+  /** Does this specific car (credential value) have an open session right now? */
+  #carHasOpenSession(carKey: string): boolean {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, carKey))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all();
+    const entries = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_entry").length;
+    const exits = rows.filter((r) => r.type === "vehicle_exit").length;
+    return entries > exits;
+  }
+
+  /** How many of this permit's cars are inside right now (fold over the ledger). */
+  #permitOpenCount(permitId: string): number {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "vehicle_entry"))
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => (r.payload as { permitId?: string } | null)?.permitId === permitId);
+    let open = 0;
+    for (const entry of rows) {
+      if (!this.#carHasOpenSession(entry.identity ?? "")) continue;
+      open += 1;
+    }
+    return open;
+  }
+
+  async #reject(m: PermitMatch, reason: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "anomaly",
+      identity: m.carKey,
+      payload: { reason: `permit refused — ${reason}`, permitId: m.permitId, permitRefused: true },
+    });
+    this.#logger.warn(`permit refused (${m.carKey}): ${reason}`);
+  }
+
+  async #open(resolved: ResolvedRelay, dir: FlowDirection, carKey: string, what: string): Promise<void> {
+    const access = this.#buildAccess(resolved.controller);
+    if (access) await access.pulseOpen(resolved.relay);
+    else this.#logger.warn(`${what} signed for ${carKey} but the ${dir} relay won't build`);
+
+    // SNAPSHOT — fire the directional camera(s), never awaited (evidence, not a gate).
+    void snapshotAsync({
+      db: this.#db,
+      direction: dir,
+      identity: carKey,
+      logger: this.#logger,
+    }).catch((err) => this.#logger.error(`permit snapshot error: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+  }
+
+  #closeCache(carKey: string): void {
+    try {
+      this.#db.update(sessions).set({ exitedAt: new Date().toISOString(), state: "closed" }).where(eq(sessions.id, carKey)).run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.error(`session-cache close failed for ${carKey}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Build a live access adapter from a resolved controller row, or null. */
+  #buildAccess(row: DeviceRow): AccessControlDevice | null {
+    const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(row.config as never) as AccessControlDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/printer-monitor.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
-import { eq, laneDevices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { eq, devices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import {
   isMonitorable,
   registry,
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ export class PrinterMonitor {
   async refreshDevices(): Promise<void> {
     const rows = await this.#db
       .select()
-      .from(laneDevices)
-      .where(eq(laneDevices.category, "printer"))
+      .from(devices)
+      .where(eq(devices.category, "printer"))
       .all();
 
     const seen = new Set<string>();
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ export class PrinterMonitor {
         build: () => driver.create(cfg as never),
         meta: {
           deviceId: row.id,
-          lane: row.lane,
           driverId: row.driverId,
           role: typeof cfg.role === "string" ? cfg.role : undefined,
         },
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ export class PrinterMonitor {
 
     if (!prev || statusChanged(prev.status, status)) {
       this.#log.info(
-        `printer-monitor: ${entry.meta.role ?? "printer"} ${id} (lane ${entry.meta.lane}) -> ${status.status}${status.detail ? ` (${status.detail})` : ""}`,
+        `printer-monitor: ${entry.meta.role ?? "printer"} ${id} -> ${status.status}${status.detail ? ` (${status.detail})` : ""}`,
       );
       deviceEvents.emitPrinterStatus(event);
     }

apps/server/src/read-dispatch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { devices, eq, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent, ReadOutcome } from "./device-events.js";
+import type { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
+import type { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import { relayForDevice } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Routes a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) to the right flow. A read
+// can mean a permit entry/exit OR a transient exit, so we dispatch by WHAT the
+// credential is (decision 2026-06-15):
+//   - matches a permit (card/QR/bound plate) → PERMIT flow,
+//   - else → transient EXIT flow (open ticket session → exit, else reject+log).
+//
+// The reader is BOUND to a controller relay (config.controllerId + relay), so a read
+// resolves to exactly the barrier it sits at, and the direction is inherited from
+// that relay (see entry-exit-points.md). The resolved relay is handed to the flow so
+// it opens that exact barrier. An "entry" reader drives the entry side, an "exit"
+// reader the exit side; "both" defers to the flow's own inference (permit: session
+// state; transient: exit).
+
+export class ReadDispatcher {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #exit: ExitFlow;
+  readonly #permit: PermitFlow;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+
+  constructor(db: Db, exit: ExitFlow, permit: PermitFlow, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#exit = exit;
+    this.#permit = permit;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  async dispatch(e: DeviceReadEvent): Promise<ReadOutcome> {
+    const reader = this.#db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.id, e.deviceId)).get();
+    if (!reader || !reader.enabled) {
+      return { accepted: false, reason: "read from unknown/disabled device" };
+    }
+    const resolved = relayForDevice(this.#db, reader);
+    if (!resolved) {
+      return { accepted: false, reason: "reader not bound to a barrier (no relay to open)" };
+    }
+
+    const permit = this.#permit.match(e);
+    if (permit) {
+      return this.#permit.run(resolved, e, permit);
+    }
+    // Not a permit → transient ticket exit. An ENTRY reader can't produce a transient
+    // exit (transient entry is the button flow, not a reader), so reject+log rather
+    // than treat an entry scan as an exit.
+    if (resolved.direction === "entry") {
+      return { accepted: false, direction: "entry", reason: "entry reader: no transient entry via reader" };
+    }
+    return this.#exit.handleAt(resolved, e);
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/routes/auth.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import bcrypt from "bcrypt";
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
 import { eq, users, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import {
-  TOKEN_TTL,
   clearAuthCookies,
   newCsrfToken,
   requireRole,
@@ -17,6 +16,12 @@ interface LoginBody {
   password: string;
 }
 
+const LANGS = ["sq", "en"] as const;
+type Lang = (typeof LANGS)[number];
+interface LanguageBody {
+  language: Lang;
+}
+
 export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
   app.post<{ Body: LoginBody }>("/api/auth/login", async (req, reply) => {
     const { username, password } = req.body ?? {};
@@ -34,12 +39,17 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
     }
 
     const csrf = newCsrfToken();
-    const token = await reply.jwtSign(
-      { sub: user.id, username: user.username, role: user.role, csrf },
-      { expiresIn: TOKEN_TTL },
-    );
+    // No expiresIn: the token is valid until explicit logout (see auth.ts).
+    const token = await reply.jwtSign({
+      sub: user.id,
+      username: user.username,
+      role: user.role,
+      csrf,
+    });
     setAuthCookies(reply, token, csrf);
-    return { id: user.id, username: user.username, role: user.role };
+    // `language` is NOT in the JWT (identity/role only) — it's a mutable preference
+    // read from the DB, so changing it needs no token refresh.
+    return { id: user.id, username: user.username, role: user.role, language: user.language };
   });
 
   app.post("/api/auth/logout", async (_req, reply) => {
@@ -47,13 +57,30 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
     return { ok: true };
   });
 
-  // Who am I — used by the SPA to bootstrap session state on load.
+  // Who am I — used by the SPA to bootstrap session state on load. Reads the live
+  // `language` preference from the DB (not the token).
   app.get(
     "/api/auth/me",
     { preHandler: requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly") },
     async (req) => {
       const { sub, username, role } = req.user;
-      return { id: sub, username, role };
+      const row = await db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, sub)).get();
+      return { id: sub, username, role, language: row?.language ?? "sq" };
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Change MY own UI language preference (any signed-in user). Persisted to the
+  // users row so it's restored on the next login, from any booth. See i18n.md.
+  app.put<{ Body: LanguageBody }>(
+    "/api/auth/language",
+    { preHandler: requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly") },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const language = req.body?.language;
+      if (!language || !LANGS.includes(language)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `language must be one of: ${LANGS.join(", ")}` });
+      }
+      await db.update(users).set({ language }).where(eq(users.id, req.user.sub)).run();
+      return { language };
     },
   );
 }

apps/server/src/routes/devices.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance, FastifyReply, FastifyRequest } from "fastify";
-import { eq, laneDevices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { eq, devices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import { deviceEvents } from "../device-events.js";
 import { verifyDigest } from "../digest-auth.js";
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export async function deviceRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void>
   const handle = async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: InputParams }>, reply: FastifyReply) => {
     const { deviceId, n, edge } = req.params;
 
-    const row = await db.select().from(laneDevices).where(eq(laneDevices.id, deviceId)).get();
+    const row = await db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.id, deviceId)).get();
     const cfg = row?.config as DingtianDeviceConfig | undefined;
 
     // Unknown device / not a dingtian / no push creds / wrong source IP → 404.

apps/server/src/routes/events.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { desc, events, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { desc, gte, ledgerEvents, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
 import type { EventLog } from "../event-log.js";
 
@@ -17,12 +17,22 @@ export async function eventRoutes(
   const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
 
   // Recent events, newest first. `limit` caps the page (default 100, max 1000).
-  app.get<{ Querystring: { limit?: string } }>(
+  // Optional `since` (ISO) scopes the page to events at/after that instant — the
+  // booth passes the current shift's start so the live feed shows ONLY this shift's
+  // activity (logs are per-shift, not all history). See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  app.get<{ Querystring: { limit?: string; since?: string } }>(
     "/api/events",
     { preHandler: guard },
     async (req) => {
       const limit = Math.min(Math.max(Number(req.query.limit) || 100, 1), 1000);
-      const rows = db.select().from(events).orderBy(desc(events.index)).limit(limit).all();
+      const since = (req.query.since ?? "").trim();
+      const rows = db
+        .select()
+        .from(ledgerEvents)
+        .where(since ? gte(ledgerEvents.occurredAt, since) : undefined)
+        .orderBy(desc(ledgerEvents.index))
+        .limit(limit)
+        .all();
       return { events: rows };
     },
   );

apps/server/src/routes/pay.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import type { Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { NoPrinterAvailableError } from "@parking/devices";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import {
+  NoOpenSessionError,
+  NoTariffError,
+  type PayStation,
+} from "../pay-station.js";
+import type { ExitFlow } from "../exit-flow.js";
+import { NoShiftOpenError, type ShiftService } from "../shift-service.js";
+import { printExitVoucher } from "../booth-print.js";
+
+// Booth endpoints (pay-on-foot): look up a session, quote it, take payment, and —
+// when the booth is at/near the exit — open the barrier. The payment becomes a
+// signed ledger event; PCI scope stays OUT of the app (card capture is a standalone
+// P2PE terminal; `tender` just records cash vs. card). The booth exit reuses the
+// SAME validation as the reader path — no booth-only bypass admits an unpaid car.
+// See wiki/concepts/tariff.md, parking-session.md, booth-exit-flow.md, bom.md.
+
+interface QuoteQuery {
+  identity: string;
+}
+interface PayBody {
+  identity: string;
+  tender: "cash" | "card";
+  /** Operator-set amount (lost ticket / dispute) — overrides the computed fee. */
+  overrideMinor?: number;
+}
+interface ExitBody {
+  identity: string;
+}
+interface VoucherBody {
+  identity: string;
+}
+
+export async function payRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  db: Db,
+  payStation: PayStation,
+  exitFlow: ExitFlow,
+  shift: ShiftService,
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Cashier/operator/admin operate the booth; readonly may not.
+  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier");
+
+  // Money-path gate: a shift must be open site-wide before any payment/exit/voucher/
+  // re-open is processed, so every taking is attributed to a shift (one operator's
+  // accountability period). Read-only lookups (session/active/quote) stay ungated so
+  // the modal can still DISPLAY the session and prompt the operator to open a shift.
+  // Returns 409 { error, code: "no_shift" } so the UI can show the "open a shift"
+  // prompt rather than a generic failure. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const requireShift = async (
+    _req: import("fastify").FastifyRequest,
+    reply: import("fastify").FastifyReply,
+  ) => {
+    try {
+      shift.requireOpenShift();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof NoShiftOpenError) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: err.message, code: "no_shift" });
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Active sessions for the booth list: still-open OR exited-but-within-grace
+  // (barrier unconfirmed → a paid/exited car is presumed possibly-present until
+  // grace expires). Read-only. See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.get("/api/sessions/active", { preHandler: guard }, async () => ({
+    sessions: payStation.activeSessions(),
+  }));
+
+  // Session lookup for the booth pay/exit modal: entry/exit times, paid state,
+  // amount owed now, walk-back-grace status. Read-only (no side effect).
+  app.get<{ Params: { identity: string } }>(
+    "/api/session/:identity",
+    { preHandler: guard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.params.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      return payStation.lookup(identity);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Booth-driven exit: validate (paid + grace, or free entry-grace) THEN sign
+  // vehicle_exit + open the barrier. Maps the discriminated result to HTTP:
+  //  - validation reject → 409 with a reason (operator takes payment first),
+  //  - exit signed but barrier didn't open → 200 { opened:false } (payment stands;
+  //    operator opens manually; an anomaly is already signed),
+  //  - clean exit → 200 { opened:true }.
+  app.post<{ Body: ExitBody }>(
+    "/api/exit",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const res = await exitFlow.exitForBooth(identity);
+      if (!res.ok) return reply.code(409).send({ error: res.reason, status: res.status });
+      return reply.code(200).send(res);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Human-intervention barrier re-open for an ACTIVE (paid) session — damaged
+  // ticket / dead scanner / phantom re-close. Re-pulses the exit relay + signs an
+  // anomaly (attributed); NEVER a second vehicle_exit. Refused without a payment
+  // (no-unpaid-bypass). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: ExitBody }>(
+    "/api/barrier/reopen",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const operator = req.user?.username;
+      const res = await exitFlow.reopenBarrier(identity, operator);
+      if (!res.ok) return reply.code(409).send({ error: res.reason });
+      return reply.code(200).send(res);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Quote: what does this session owe right now? (No side effect.)
+  app.get<{ Querystring: QuoteQuery }>(
+    "/api/pay/quote",
+    { preHandler: guard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.query.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      try {
+        return payStation.quote(identity);
+      } catch (err) {
+        return mapError(reply, err);
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Pay: take payment and append the signed `payment` event.
+  app.post<{ Body: PayBody }>(
+    "/api/pay",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const { identity, tender, overrideMinor } = req.body ?? {};
+      if (!identity || (tender !== "cash" && tender !== "card")) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity and tender (cash|card) required" });
+      }
+      if (overrideMinor != null && (!Number.isInteger(overrideMinor) || overrideMinor < 0)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "overrideMinor must be a non-negative integer (minor units)" });
+      }
+      try {
+        const res = await payStation.pay(identity, tender, overrideMinor);
+        return reply.code(201).send(res);
+      } catch (err) {
+        return mapError(reply, err);
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Print an exit voucher (the paid ticket id reprinted as a barcode) on the booth
+  // printer. Used when the booth is far from the exit — the customer self-scans the
+  // voucher at the exit reader, which runs the normal validated exit. Requires the
+  // session to be PAID (no free vouchers for unpaid sessions). See booth-exit-flow.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: VoucherBody }>(
+    "/api/voucher",
+    { preHandler: [guard, requireShift] },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const identity = (req.body?.identity ?? "").trim();
+      if (!identity) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "identity required" });
+      const view = payStation.lookup(identity);
+      if (!view.found || !view.open) {
+        return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no open session for ticket" });
+      }
+      if (view.paidAt == null) {
+        return reply.code(409).send({ error: "session not paid — take payment before printing a voucher" });
+      }
+      try {
+        const printedBy = await printExitVoucher(db, identity, app.log);
+        return reply.code(200).send({ ok: true, printedBy });
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof NoPrinterAvailableError) {
+          return reply.code(503).send({ error: err.message });
+        }
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+function mapError(reply: import("fastify").FastifyReply, err: unknown) {
+  if (err instanceof NoOpenSessionError) return reply.code(404).send({ error: err.message });
+  if (err instanceof NoTariffError) return reply.code(409).send({ error: err.message });
+  return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+}

apps/server/src/routes/permits.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, permitCredentials, permitPlates, permits, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+
+// Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. A permit is mutable master data — admins
+// grant/edit/revoke — but every USE of it is a signed ledger event, so the audit
+// trail stays append-only (see wiki/entities/permit.md). A permit is an aggregate:
+// the permit row + its credentials (card/QR) + its bound plates. The API treats them
+// as one unit (create/update replace the child sets; delete removes all).
+
+interface Credential {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  value: string;
+}
+interface PermitBody {
+  holderName?: string;
+  contact?: string;
+  /** Car-count binding: cars inside at once. Default 1; null = unbound. */
+  maxConcurrent?: number | null;
+  validFrom?: string | null;
+  validTo?: string | null;
+  status?: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
+  credentials?: Credential[];
+  /** Plate binding (optional): bound plates that also serve as identity. */
+  plates?: string[];
+}
+
+export async function permitRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  // Admin manages permits; operator/cashier/readonly may LIST (to look one up).
+  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+
+  // Validate the body; returns problems (empty = ok). Shared by create + update.
+  function validate(b: PermitBody): string[] {
+    const errs: string[] = [];
+    if (b.maxConcurrent != null) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(b.maxConcurrent) || b.maxConcurrent < 1) {
+        errs.push("maxConcurrent must be a positive integer, or null for unbound");
+      }
+    }
+    if (b.status && !["active", "suspended", "revoked"].includes(b.status)) {
+      errs.push("status must be active|suspended|revoked");
+    }
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      if ((c.kind !== "rf" && c.kind !== "qr") || !c.value?.trim()) {
+        errs.push("each credential needs kind (rf|qr) and a non-empty value");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if ((b.credentials?.length ?? 0) === 0 && (b.plates?.length ?? 0) === 0) {
+      errs.push("a permit needs at least one credential or one bound plate (else nothing identifies it)");
+    }
+    return errs;
+  }
+
+  function loadAggregate(id: string) {
+    const permit = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, id)).get();
+    if (!permit) return null;
+    const credentials = db.select().from(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).all();
+    const plates = db.select().from(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).all();
+    return {
+      ...permit,
+      credentials: credentials.map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value })),
+      plates: plates.map((p) => p.plate),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Replace a permit's child rows (credentials + plates) from the body.
+  function writeChildren(id: string, b: PermitBody) {
+    db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, id)).run();
+    db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, id)).run();
+    for (const c of b.credentials ?? []) {
+      db.insert(permitCredentials).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() }).run();
+    }
+    for (const p of b.plates ?? []) {
+      if (p.trim()) db.insert(permitPlates).values({ id: randomUUID(), permitId: id, plate: p.trim() }).run();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // List all permits (with their credentials + plates).
+  app.get("/api/permits", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const rows = db.select().from(permits).all();
+    return { permits: rows.map((r) => loadAggregate(r.id)) };
+  });
+
+  // Create a permit.
+  app.post<{ Body: PermitBody }>("/api/permits", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const b = req.body ?? {};
+    const problems = validate(b);
+    if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    db.insert(permits)
+      .values({
+        id,
+        holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+        contact: b.contact ?? null,
+        maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? 1 : b.maxConcurrent,
+        validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+        validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
+        status: b.status ?? "active",
+      })
+      .run();
+    writeChildren(id, b);
+    return reply.code(201).send(loadAggregate(id));
+  });
+
+  // Update a permit (replaces fields + child sets).
+  app.put<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: PermitBody }>(
+    "/api/permits/:id",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const existing = db.select().from(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
+      const b = req.body ?? {};
+      const problems = validate(b);
+      if (problems.length) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid permit", problems });
+      db.update(permits)
+        .set({
+          holderName: b.holderName ?? null,
+          contact: b.contact ?? null,
+          maxConcurrent: b.maxConcurrent === undefined ? existing.maxConcurrent : b.maxConcurrent,
+          validFrom: b.validFrom ?? null,
+          validTo: b.validTo ?? null,
+          status: b.status ?? existing.status,
+        })
+        .where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id))
+        .run();
+      writeChildren(req.params.id, b);
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Revoke (soft): the common case — keeps the permit + its history, just bars it.
+  // A revoked permit fails the entry check (see permit-flow.ts). Use DELETE only to
+  // fully remove a permit created in error.
+  app.post<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/permits/:id/revoke",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.update(permits).set({ status: "revoked" }).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
+      return loadAggregate(req.params.id);
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Hard delete a permit + its child rows. (Past ledger events that reference it
+  // are untouched — the audit trail is append-only and independent of this row.)
+  app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/permits/:id",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const r = db.delete(permits).where(eq(permits.id, req.params.id)).run();
+      if (r.changes === 0) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "permit not found" });
+      db.delete(permitCredentials).where(eq(permitCredentials.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
+      db.delete(permitPlates).where(eq(permitPlates.permitId, req.params.id)).run();
+      return reply.code(204).send();
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/qr-reader.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, devices, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import type { DeviceReadEvent } from "../device-events.js";
+import type { ReadDispatcher } from "../read-dispatch.js";
+
+// GEE/Dingtian QR reader endpoint. The reader is configured (vendor tool) with our
+// host as its "server"; on each scan it sends an HTTP GET and BEEPS/acts based on
+// our JSON reply — host-in-the-loop and synchronous. Protocol from the QRCode SDK
+// v1.6.5; see wiki/sources/qrcode-sdk.md and wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md.
+//
+//   reader → GET /qa/mcardsea.php?cardid=<QR>&mjihao=<devId>&cjihao=<devSN>&status=<2ch>&time=<utc>
+//   server → {"data":[{cardid,cjihao,mjihao,status,time,output}],"code":0,"message":""}
+//     reply status: 1 = valid (beep 2×) / 0 = invalid (beep 1×)
+//     reply output: 0 = Access, 1 = WG26, 2 = WG34  (line driven on a valid read)
+//     reply time:   UTC — syncs the device clock
+//
+// The "server language" set on the device only selects this URL path; we accept the
+// SDK default path. No auth on the device side (it can't); the reader sits on the
+// device subnet (network-isolation) and the signed ledger is the real guarantee.
+
+interface ReaderQuery {
+  cardid?: string;
+  mjihao?: string; // device id
+  cjihao?: string; // device serial
+  status?: string; // 2 chars: high valid/invalid, low 1=in/0=out
+  time?: string;
+}
+
+export async function qrReaderRoutes(
+  app: FastifyInstance,
+  db: Db,
+  dispatcher: ReadDispatcher,
+): Promise<void> {
+  // Resolve the lane_devices row whose config.serial matches the reader's reported
+  // serial (cjihao). The row id is a normal UUID; the serial is config the admin
+  // enters when assigning the gee-qr-reader. Returns the row id, or null if no
+  // reader is assigned for that serial. (Small device set → scan in JS.)
+  const readerRowIdForSerial = (serial: string): string | null => {
+    if (!serial) return null;
+    const rows = db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.category, "reader")).all();
+    const match = rows.find((r) => r.enabled && (r.config as { serial?: string }).serial === serial);
+    return match?.id ?? null;
+  };
+
+  // No auth: the reader is a machine on the isolated device subnet and offers no
+  // auth on its side. Public route, like the Dingtian input push.
+  const handler = async (req: { query: ReaderQuery }, reply: import("fastify").FastifyReply) => {
+    const q = req.query;
+    // The reader sends `Connection: keep-alive` but only ACTS on our verdict (beep,
+    // drive output) once the socket CLOSES — every vendor demo replies
+    // `Connection: close` and shuts the socket. Without it the reader waits out a
+    // ~10 s keep-alive timeout before beeping. So force-close the connection.
+    // See wiki/sources/qrcode-sdk.md, entities/gee-qr-er80.md.
+    reply.header("connection", "close");
+    const cardid = (q.cardid ?? "").trim();
+    const mjihao = q.mjihao != null ? Number(q.mjihao) : 0;
+    const serial = (q.cjihao ?? "").trim();
+
+    // Map the reader's serial → its assigned lane_devices row id (the dispatcher
+    // resolves the lane from that row). If unassigned, deviceId stays the serial so
+    // the dispatcher simply finds no lane and rejects (status:0) — never crashes.
+    const deviceId = readerRowIdForSerial(serial) ?? serial;
+
+    let accepted = false;
+    if (cardid) {
+      const read: DeviceReadEvent = {
+        driverId: "gee-qr-reader",
+        deviceId,
+        value: cardid,
+        kind: "qr",
+        at: new Date().toISOString(),
+      };
+      try {
+        const outcome = await dispatcher.dispatch(read);
+        accepted = outcome.accepted;
+        if (!accepted) app.log.info(`QR ${cardid} rejected: ${outcome.reason ?? "?"}`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        app.log.error(`QR dispatch failed for ${cardid}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Reply the SDK verdict. status 1 → beep 2× (valid) / 0 → beep 1× (invalid).
+    // output 0 = Access (drive the reader's access line on a valid read).
+    return {
+      data: [
+        {
+          cardid,
+          cjihao: q.cjihao ?? 0,
+          mjihao,
+          status: accepted ? 1 : 0,
+          time: String(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)),
+          output: 0,
+        },
+      ],
+      code: 0,
+      message: "",
+    };
+  };
+
+  // The reader's "server language" setting (JSP/PHP/C#/ASP/CGI) selects the URL
+  // EXTENSION it GETs — verified on hardware: a JSP-configured unit posts
+  // /qa/mcardsea.jsp. Register every extension so the endpoint works whatever the
+  // device is set to; accept POST too in case a variant differs.
+  for (const ext of ["php", "jsp", "asp", "aspx", "cgi"]) {
+    const path = `/qa/mcardsea.${ext}`;
+    app.get<{ Querystring: ReaderQuery }>(path, handler);
+    app.post<{ Querystring: ReaderQuery }>(path, handler);
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/routes/setup.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { randomBytes, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { eq, laneDevices, setupState, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { eq, devices, setupState, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import {
   hasPreconditions,
   hasPushConfig,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   registry,
   setDeviceLogSink,
   type DeviceCategory,
+  type DeviceConfig,
 } from "@parking/devices";
 import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
 import { backendIpCandidates, backendIpForDevice, backendPort } from "../net.js";
@@ -18,10 +19,12 @@ import { backendIpCandidates, backendIpForDevice, backendPort } from "../net.js"
 // per lane. See wiki/concepts/first-run-setup.md.
 
 interface AssignBody {
-  lane: number;
   category: DeviceCategory;
   driverId: string;
-  config: Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
+  // Driver config (opaque JSON, validated by the driver). Carries the model's
+  // direction/binding: access → config.relays=[{relay,direction,button?}];
+  // reader/camera → config.controllerId + config.relay. See entry-exit-points.md.
+  config: DeviceConfig;
   /** Optional: the backend IP the device should push to (overrides auto-pick;
    *  matters on multi-NIC hosts). */
   backendIp?: string;
@@ -48,13 +51,128 @@ function redactSecrets(config: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown>
   return out;
 }
 
-export async function setupRoutes(
+/** Result of the device configure pipeline: a ready-to-persist config, or an
+ *  HTTP error to send back. Shared by assign (create) and patch (edit). */
+type ConfigureOutcome =
+  | { config: Record<string, unknown>; warnings: string[] }
+  | { error: { code: number; message: string } };
+
+/**
+ * Validate + configure a device, returning the config to persist. Runs the same
+ * pipeline for both create and edit: validate the driver config, fix
+ * preconditions, harden (relay password + protocol lockdown), and set up input
+ * push (Digest creds + push URLs). Each step is a device write (the device
+ * reboots on apply). The caller owns the DB row; this never touches the DB.
+ *
+ * `id` is the assignment id (stable across an edit) — it's baked into the push
+ * URL, so editing in place keeps the device pushing to the same path.
+ * `existingConfig` carries forward secrets the client never sees on edit
+ * (push/relay passwords), so a PATCH that omits them doesn't wipe them.
+ */
+async function configureDevice(
   app: FastifyInstance,
-  db: Db,
-  // Called after the set of assignments changes (assign/unassign) so the caller
-  // can refresh anything derived from it — e.g. the device id->lane map.
-  onAssignmentsChanged: () => void = () => {},
-): Promise<void> {
+  args: {
+    id: string;
+    driverId: string;
+    config: DeviceConfig;
+    backendIp?: string;
+    existingConfig?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  },
+): Promise<ConfigureOutcome> {
+  const { id, driverId, config, backendIp, existingConfig } = args;
+
+  // Start from any machine-only secrets already on the row (push/relay passwords
+  // are redacted out of the client's copy, so an edit would otherwise drop them),
+  // then layer the submitted config on top.
+  const fullConfig: Record<string, unknown> = { ...existingConfig, ...config };
+  // The web password the admin typed is a DESIRED value, not a stored fact:
+  // it's passed to the driver (via create(config) below) as the rotation
+  // target, but we do NOT persist it from the form. Only harden()'s VERIFIED
+  // secrets.webPassword gets saved — otherwise a failed rotation would leave
+  // the DB claiming a password the device never accepted (login stays old).
+  delete fullConfig.webPassword;
+  // webPasswordCurrent is an input-only credential (the OLD password used to
+  // authorize the change) — never persist it as typed.
+  delete fullConfig.webPasswordCurrent;
+  // Residual-risk warnings from device hardening (shown to the admin; the
+  // save still succeeds — these are "configured, but note X" advisories).
+  const hardenWarnings: string[] = [];
+
+  let device;
+  try {
+    device = registry.create(driverId, config); // validates required fields
+  } catch (err) {
+    return { error: { code: 400, message: (err as Error).message } };
+  }
+
+  // Configure the device on save (before persisting, so we don't store a row
+  // for a device we couldn't configure):
+  //   1. fix preconditions (e.g. disable input_link_relay so a button press
+  //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first),
+  //   2. harden (relay password + disable unused protocol channels), and
+  //   3. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
+  // Each step is a device config write (the device reboots on apply).
+  try {
+    if (hasPreconditions(device)) {
+      const fixed = await device.fixPreconditions();
+      if (!fixed.ok) {
+        const unfixable = fixed.issues.find((i) => !i.fixable);
+        return {
+          error: {
+            code: 502,
+            message: `device precondition not satisfied: ${unfixable?.message ?? fixed.issues[0]?.message}`,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isHardenable(device)) {
+      const { secrets, warnings } = await device.harden();
+      Object.assign(fullConfig, secrets); // e.g. relayPassword
+      // Surface residual-risk warnings (e.g. firmware that won't disable the
+      // password-less string protocol) so the admin can act (web-UI step).
+      for (const w of warnings ?? []) {
+        app.log.warn(`harden(${driverId} ${id}): ${w}`);
+        hardenWarnings.push(w);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasPushConfig(device)) {
+      const host = String(config.host ?? "");
+      // Admin-provided backend IP wins; else auto-derive (on-subnet NIC).
+      const pushHost = backendIp ?? backendIpForDevice(host);
+      if (!pushHost) {
+        return {
+          error: {
+            code: 400,
+            message: `cannot determine the backend IP on the device's subnet (${host}). Pick one in setup or set BACKEND_HOST_IP.`,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      const pushUser = "dingtian";
+      // 24 hex chars = 96 bits. The Dingtian `pass` field caps at 31 chars
+      // (longer is silently truncated → auth mismatch), so keep it short.
+      const pushPassword = randomBytes(12).toString("hex");
+      await device.configureInputPush({
+        host: pushHost,
+        port: backendPort(),
+        pathBase: `/api/devices/${driverId}/${id}/input`,
+        auth: { user: pushUser, password: pushPassword },
+      });
+      fullConfig.pushUser = pushUser;
+      fullConfig.pushPassword = pushPassword;
+      // Record the backend IP the device was told to push to — lets us detect
+      // a later mismatch if the host's IP changes.
+      fullConfig.backendIp = pushHost;
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    return { error: { code: 502, message: `device configuration failed: ${(err as Error).message}` } };
+  }
+
+  return { config: fullConfig, warnings: hardenWarnings };
+}
+
+export async function setupRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
   registerBuiltinDrivers();
   setDeviceLogSink((line) => app.log.info(line));
 
@@ -62,11 +180,13 @@ export async function setupRoutes(
   const adminGuard = requireRole("admin");
 
   // Catalog of selectable drivers per category (no secrets — schema only).
-  // `discoverable` flags drivers that can scan the LAN.
+  // `discoverable` flags drivers that can scan the LAN; `pushCapable` flags
+  // drivers that push to the backend (and thus need a backend IP at assign time).
   app.get("/api/setup/catalog", async () => {
     const catalog = registry.catalog();
     const discoverable = registry.list().filter(isDiscoverable).map((d) => d.id);
-    return { ...catalog, discoverable };
+    const pushCapable = registry.pushCapable();
+    return { ...catalog, discoverable, pushCapable };
   });
 
   // Scan the LAN for devices a driver can discover (UDP broadcast, etc).
@@ -108,7 +228,7 @@ export async function setupRoutes(
     { preHandler: adminGuard },
     async () => {
       const state = await db.select().from(setupState).where(eq(setupState.id, 1)).get();
-      const rows = await db.select().from(laneDevices).all();
+      const rows = await db.select().from(devices).all();
       const assignments = rows.map((r) => ({ ...r, config: redactSecrets(r.config) }));
       return { completedAt: state?.completedAt ?? null, assignments };
     },
@@ -152,117 +272,84 @@ export async function setupRoutes(
     },
   );
 
-  // Assign a device to a lane. Validates the chosen driver + config, configures
-  // the device (fix preconditions + set up Digest-authenticated input push — no
-  // manual device-web-UI step by the admin), then persists. Fails the save if
-  // the device can't be configured. See wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md.
+  // Assign a device. Validates the chosen driver + config, configures the device
+  // (fix preconditions + set up Digest-authenticated input push — no manual device-
+  // web-UI step by the admin), then persists. Fails the save if the device can't be
+  // configured. See wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md, entry-exit-points.md.
   app.post<{ Body: AssignBody }>(
     "/api/setup/assign",
     { preHandler: adminGuard },
     async (req, reply) => {
-      const { lane, category, driverId, config, backendIp } = req.body;
+      const { category, driverId, config, backendIp } = req.body;
       const driver = registry.get(driverId);
       if (!driver || driver.category !== category) {
         return reply.code(400).send({ error: `invalid driver for ${category}: ${driverId}` });
       }
 
       const id = randomUUID();
-      const fullConfig: Record<string, unknown> = { ...config };
-      // The web password the admin typed is a DESIRED value, not a stored fact:
-      // it's passed to the driver (via create(config) below) as the rotation
-      // target, but we do NOT persist it from the form. Only harden()'s VERIFIED
-      // secrets.webPassword gets saved — otherwise a failed rotation would leave
-      // the DB claiming a password the device never accepted (login stays old).
-      delete fullConfig.webPassword;
-      // webPasswordCurrent is an input-only credential (the OLD password used to
-      // authorize the change) — never persist it as typed.
-      delete fullConfig.webPasswordCurrent;
-      // Residual-risk warnings from device hardening (shown to the admin; the
-      // save still succeeds — these are "configured, but note X" advisories).
-      const hardenWarnings: string[] = [];
-
-      let device;
-      try {
-        device = registry.create(driverId, config); // validates required fields
-      } catch (err) {
-        return reply.code(400).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
-      }
-
-      // Configure the device on save (before persisting, so we don't store a row
-      // for a device we couldn't configure):
-      //   1. fix preconditions (e.g. disable input_link_relay so a button press
-      //      doesn't auto-fire its relay — host must decide first),
-      //   2. harden (relay password + disable unused protocol channels), and
-      //   3. set up input push (Digest creds + push URLs).
-      // Each step is a device config write (the device reboots on apply).
-      try {
-        if (hasPreconditions(device)) {
-          const fixed = await device.fixPreconditions();
-          if (!fixed.ok) {
-            const unfixable = fixed.issues.find((i) => !i.fixable);
-            return reply.code(502).send({
-              error: `device precondition not satisfied: ${unfixable?.message ?? fixed.issues[0]?.message}`,
-            });
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (isHardenable(device)) {
-          const { secrets, warnings } = await device.harden();
-          Object.assign(fullConfig, secrets); // e.g. relayPassword
-          // Surface residual-risk warnings (e.g. firmware that won't disable the
-          // password-less string protocol) so the admin can act (web-UI step).
-          for (const w of warnings ?? []) {
-            app.log.warn(`harden(${driverId} ${id}): ${w}`);
-            hardenWarnings.push(w);
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (hasPushConfig(device)) {
-          const host = String(config.host ?? "");
-          // Admin-provided backend IP wins; else auto-derive (on-subnet NIC).
-          const pushHost = backendIp ?? backendIpForDevice(host);
-          if (!pushHost) {
-            return reply.code(400).send({
-              error: `cannot determine the backend IP on the device's subnet (${host}). Pick one in setup or set BACKEND_HOST_IP.`,
-            });
-          }
-          const pushUser = "dingtian";
-          // 24 hex chars = 96 bits. The Dingtian `pass` field caps at 31 chars
-          // (longer is silently truncated → auth mismatch), so keep it short.
-          const pushPassword = randomBytes(12).toString("hex");
-          await device.configureInputPush({
-            host: pushHost,
-            port: backendPort(),
-            pathBase: `/api/devices/${driverId}/${id}/input`,
-            auth: { user: pushUser, password: pushPassword },
-          });
-          fullConfig.pushUser = pushUser;
-          fullConfig.pushPassword = pushPassword;
-          // Record the backend IP the device was told to push to — lets us detect
-          // a later mismatch if the host's IP changes.
-          fullConfig.backendIp = pushHost;
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        return reply
-          .code(502)
-          .send({ error: `device configuration failed: ${(err as Error).message}` });
+      const outcome = await configureDevice(app, { id, driverId, config, backendIp });
+      if ("error" in outcome) {
+        return reply.code(outcome.error.code).send({ error: outcome.error.message });
       }
 
       const row = {
         id,
-        lane,
         category,
         driverId,
-        config: fullConfig,
+        config: outcome.config,
         enabled: true,
       };
-      await db.insert(laneDevices).values(row);
-      onAssignmentsChanged(); // refresh derived state (device->lane map)
+      await db.insert(devices).values(row);
       // Don't echo device secrets back (push Digest password, web-UI login, …).
       return reply.code(201).send({
         ...row,
-        config: redactSecrets(fullConfig),
-        ...(hardenWarnings.length ? { warnings: hardenWarnings } : {}),
+        config: redactSecrets(outcome.config),
+        ...(outcome.warnings.length ? { warnings: outcome.warnings } : {}),
+      });
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Edit an assigned device in place. Same configure pipeline as assign, but it
+  // UPDATEs the existing row and KEEPS the id — which matters for controllers,
+  // since the id is baked into the device's input-push URL
+  // (/api/devices/:driverId/:id/input). Delete+re-add would mint a new id and
+  // break push until reconfigured; PATCH re-runs harden/push against the same id.
+  // The category and driver are fixed at create time (an edit can't change what
+  // KIND of device a slot is); only config changes. Admin-only.
+  app.patch<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: Omit<AssignBody, "category" | "driverId"> }>(
+    "/api/setup/assign/:id",
+    { preHandler: adminGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const existing = await db
+        .select()
+        .from(devices)
+        .where(eq(devices.id, req.params.id))
+        .get();
+      if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such device assignment" });
+
+      const { config, backendIp } = req.body;
+      const outcome = await configureDevice(app, {
+        id: existing.id,
+        driverId: existing.driverId,
+        config,
+        backendIp,
+        // Carry forward machine-only secrets the client never received, so an
+        // edit that omits them doesn't blank out push/relay passwords.
+        existingConfig: existing.config,
+      });
+      if ("error" in outcome) {
+        return reply.code(outcome.error.code).send({ error: outcome.error.message });
+      }
+
+      await db.update(devices).set({ config: outcome.config }).where(eq(devices.id, existing.id));
+      app.log.info(`reconfigured device ${existing.id} (${existing.category}/${existing.driverId})`);
+      return reply.code(200).send({
+        id: existing.id,
+        category: existing.category,
+        driverId: existing.driverId,
+        config: redactSecrets(outcome.config),
+        enabled: existing.enabled,
+        ...(outcome.warnings.length ? { warnings: outcome.warnings } : {}),
       });
     },
   );
@@ -283,13 +370,12 @@ export async function setupRoutes(
     async (req, reply) => {
       const existing = await db
         .select()
-        .from(laneDevices)
-        .where(eq(laneDevices.id, req.params.id))
+        .from(devices)
+        .where(eq(devices.id, req.params.id))
         .get();
       if (!existing) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such device assignment" });
-      await db.delete(laneDevices).where(eq(laneDevices.id, req.params.id));
-      onAssignmentsChanged(); // refresh derived state (device->lane map)
-      app.log.info(`unassigned device ${req.params.id} (${existing.category}/${existing.driverId}, lane ${existing.lane})`);
+      await db.delete(devices).where(eq(devices.id, req.params.id));
+      app.log.info(`unassigned device ${req.params.id} (${existing.category}/${existing.driverId})`);
       return reply.code(204).send();
     },
   );

apps/server/src/routes/shift.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import {
+  InvalidCashMovementError,
+  NoOpenShiftError,
+  ShiftAlreadyOpenError,
+  type ShiftService,
+} from "../shift-service.js";
+
+interface CashMovementBody {
+  /** Signed minor units: positive = load INTO drawer, negative = remove FROM drawer. */
+  amountMinor: number;
+  reason?: string;
+  currency?: string;
+}
+
+// Shift endpoints (manned mode). The operator is the logged-in user; a shift is
+// opened/closed explicitly (not time-based — see wiki/concepts/shift.md and
+// local-jwt-auth.md "until logout"). End Shift signs a shift_z_report + prints it.
+
+export async function shiftRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, shift: ShiftService): Promise<void> {
+  // Cashier/operator/admin run shifts; readonly can't.
+  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier");
+
+  // The SITE-WIDE shift state (at most one shift open at a time). The UI uses this
+  // to render the header control: no shift → "Open"; my shift → "Close" (enabled);
+  // someone else's shift → disabled. Also returns the live drawer balance.
+  //  - open:    the open shift { startedAt, operator } or null (site-wide)
+  //  - isMine:  true iff the open shift belongs to the requesting operator
+  //  - operator: the requesting user (for the UI's own identity)
+  app.get("/api/shift/current", { preHandler: guard }, async (req) => {
+    const me = req.user.username;
+    const open = shift.currentOpenShift();
+    const heldBy = open?.identity ?? null;
+    const drawer = shift.drawerBalance();
+    return {
+      operator: me,
+      open: open ? { startedAt: open.occurredAt, operator: heldBy } : null,
+      isMine: open != null && heldBy === me,
+      drawerMinor: drawer.balanceMinor,
+      currency: drawer.currency,
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash (the float). Signed cash_movement
+  // event. ADMIN ONLY — an operator takes payments but cannot move the float.
+  // amountMinor is signed: + load IN, − remove OUT. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  app.post<{ Body: CashMovementBody }>(
+    "/api/cash-movement",
+    { preHandler: requireRole("admin") },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const { amountMinor, reason, currency } = req.body ?? ({} as CashMovementBody);
+      try {
+        return await shift.recordCashMovement(req.user.username, amountMinor, reason ?? "", currency);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof InvalidCashMovementError) return reply.code(400).send({ error: err.message });
+        return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  app.post("/api/shift/open", { preHandler: guard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    try {
+      return await shift.open(req.user.username);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof ShiftAlreadyOpenError) return reply.code(409).send({ error: err.message });
+      return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+    }
+  });
+
+  app.post("/api/shift/close", { preHandler: guard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    try {
+      return await shift.close(req.user.username);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof NoOpenShiftError) return reply.code(409).send({ error: err.message });
+      return reply.code(500).send({ error: (err as Error).message });
+    }
+  });
+}

apps/server/src/routes/site.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { eq, siteConfig, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+import { getOccupancy } from "../occupancy.js";
+
+// Site config (capacity) + live occupancy. Occupancy is a fold over the signed
+// ledger; capacity is an admin-set knob. The FULL gate (refuse transient entry at
+// capacity) lives in the entry flow. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+
+// Optional park-metadata text fields (all nullable). Trimmed; "" → null.
+const TEXT_FIELDS = [
+  "parkName",
+  "operatorName",
+  "nius",
+  "address",
+  "phone",
+  "email",
+] as const;
+type TextField = (typeof TEXT_FIELDS)[number];
+
+interface SiteConfigBody extends Partial<Record<TextField, string | null>> {
+  /** Nominal capacity; null = no limit. */
+  capacity?: number | null;
+  /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
+  exitVoucherDefault?: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Shape returned by GET/PUT: capacity + the booth flag + every metadata field. */
+type SiteConfig = { capacity: number | null; exitVoucherDefault: boolean } & Record<
+  TextField,
+  string | null
+>;
+
+function toSiteConfig(row: typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect | undefined): SiteConfig {
+  const out = {
+    capacity: row?.capacity ?? null,
+    exitVoucherDefault: row?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false,
+  } as SiteConfig;
+  for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) out[f] = row?.[f] ?? null;
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Trim a text field; empty string becomes null so blank input clears it. */
+function normText(v: unknown): string | null {
+  if (v == null) return null;
+  const s = String(v).trim();
+  return s === "" ? null : s;
+}
+
+export async function siteRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+
+  // Live occupancy: cars inside, capacity, free, full. Any signed-in role.
+  app.get("/api/occupancy", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => getOccupancy(db));
+
+  // Read site config (capacity + park metadata).
+  app.get("/api/site-config", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    return toSiteConfig(row);
+  });
+
+  // Set site config (admin). Capacity: null or 0+ integer. Metadata: optional text
+  // (only the fields PRESENT in the body are updated; absent fields are untouched).
+  app.put<{ Body: SiteConfigBody }>("/api/site-config", { preHandler: writeGuard }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const body = req.body ?? ({} as SiteConfigBody);
+
+    const patch: Partial<typeof siteConfig.$inferInsert> = {};
+    if ("capacity" in body) {
+      const c = body.capacity;
+      if (c != null && (!Number.isInteger(c) || c < 0)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "capacity must be a non-negative integer or null" });
+      }
+      patch.capacity = c ?? null;
+    }
+    if ("exitVoucherDefault" in body) {
+      if (typeof body.exitVoucherDefault !== "boolean") {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "exitVoucherDefault must be a boolean" });
+      }
+      patch.exitVoucherDefault = body.exitVoucherDefault;
+    }
+    for (const f of TEXT_FIELDS) {
+      if (f in body) patch[f] = normText(body[f]);
+    }
+
+    const existing = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    const updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    if (existing) {
+      db.update(siteConfig).set({ ...patch, updatedAt }).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).run();
+    } else {
+      db.insert(siteConfig).values({ id: 1, ...patch, updatedAt }).run();
+    }
+    const row = db.select().from(siteConfig).where(eq(siteConfig.id, 1)).get();
+    return toSiteConfig(row);
+  });
+}

apps/server/src/routes/snapshots.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { desc, eq, snapshots, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+
+// Read access to captured entry/exit snapshots (the BLOB-in-DB image store, see
+// packages/db schema + wiki/concepts/lane-direction.md). Snapshots are evidence
+// tied to a signed vehicle_entry/exit by `identity`; the operator reviews them
+// next to the event. Read-only — images are written only by the flows (snapshot.ts),
+// never via the API.
+
+export async function snapshotRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  const guard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+
+  // Snapshot metadata for one session/credential identity (NOT the bytes), newest
+  // first — lets the UI show "entry/exit image" links beside an event.
+  app.get<{ Params: { identity: string } }>(
+    "/api/snapshots/by-identity/:identity",
+    { preHandler: guard },
+    async (req) => {
+      const rows = db
+        .select({
+          id: snapshots.id,
+          direction: snapshots.direction,
+          deviceId: snapshots.deviceId,
+          identity: snapshots.identity,
+          contentType: snapshots.contentType,
+          capturedAt: snapshots.capturedAt,
+        })
+        .from(snapshots)
+        .where(eq(snapshots.identity, req.params.identity))
+        .orderBy(desc(snapshots.capturedAt))
+        .all();
+      return { snapshots: rows };
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Stream one snapshot's image bytes by id. Returns the stored content type.
+  app.get<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
+    "/api/snapshots/:id",
+    { preHandler: guard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const row = db.select().from(snapshots).where(eq(snapshots.id, req.params.id)).get();
+      if (!row) return reply.code(404).send({ error: "no such snapshot" });
+      reply.header("content-type", row.contentType);
+      reply.header("cache-control", "private, max-age=31536000, immutable");
+      return reply.send(row.bytes);
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/tariffs.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import { desc, eq, tariffVersions, tariffs, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { validateTariffStructure, type TariffStructure } from "@parking/shared";
+import { requireRole } from "../auth.js";
+
+// Tariff composer API — the admin builds + edits the rate card at runtime. Tariffs
+// are EFFECTIVE-DATED IMMUTABLE VERSIONS: editing publishes a new version, never
+// mutates one; a session reprices against the version in force at its entry, and
+// the `payment` event records the tariffVersionId. "One active tariff per site" for
+// now (a single `tariffs` row, lazily created). See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+
+interface PublishBody {
+  currency: string;
+  structure: TariffStructure;
+  /** When this version takes effect (ISO-8601). Defaults to now. */
+  effectiveFrom?: string;
+}
+
+const SITE_TARIFF_NAME = "Site tariff";
+
+export async function tariffRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  // Any signed-in role may READ the tariff (the pay station / operator UI needs it).
+  const readGuard = requireRole("admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly");
+  // Only an admin may PUBLISH a new version (it changes what customers are charged).
+  const writeGuard = requireRole("admin");
+
+  // The single site tariff row, created on first read/publish.
+  function ensureSiteTariff(): string {
+    const existing = db.select().from(tariffs).where(eq(tariffs.scope, "site")).get();
+    if (existing) return existing.id;
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    db.insert(tariffs).values({ id, scope: "site", name: SITE_TARIFF_NAME }).run();
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  // Current state: the active (latest-effective, ≤ now) version + the full history.
+  app.get("/api/tariff", { preHandler: readGuard }, async () => {
+    const tariffId = ensureSiteTariff();
+    const versions = db
+      .select()
+      .from(tariffVersions)
+      .where(eq(tariffVersions.tariffId, tariffId))
+      .orderBy(desc(tariffVersions.effectiveFrom))
+      .all();
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    const active = versions.find((v) => v.effectiveFrom <= now) ?? null;
+    return { tariffId, active, versions };
+  });
+
+  // Publish a new immutable version. Validates the structure first — a malformed
+  // rate card can never be published (the fee calc + the chain depend on it).
+  app.post<{ Body: PublishBody }>(
+    "/api/tariff/versions",
+    { preHandler: writeGuard },
+    async (req, reply) => {
+      const { currency, structure, effectiveFrom } = req.body ?? ({} as PublishBody);
+      if (!currency || typeof currency !== "string" || currency.length < 3) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "currency (ISO 4217) required" });
+      }
+      const problems = validateTariffStructure(structure);
+      if (problems.length) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: "invalid tariff structure", problems });
+      }
+      const tariffId = ensureSiteTariff();
+      const id = randomUUID();
+      const row = {
+        id,
+        tariffId,
+        effectiveFrom: effectiveFrom ?? new Date().toISOString(),
+        currency,
+        structure: structure as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+        createdBy: req.user?.username ?? null,
+      };
+      db.insert(tariffVersions).values(row).run();
+      return reply.code(201).send(row);
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/routes/ws.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
+import type { Db } from "@parking/db";
+import type { Role } from "@parking/shared";
+import { deviceEvents } from "../device-events.js";
+import { getOccupancy } from "../occupancy.js";
+
+// Live booth feed over a WebSocket. The booth UI opens ONE socket and receives
+// server-pushed updates instead of polling: each signed ledger append (entry,
+// exit, payment, void) is fanned out, and the recomputed occupancy rides along
+// so the screen's count stays exact (occupancy is a fold over the same ledger,
+// never a counter). Printer-status changes are forwarded too.
+//
+// Auth: the handshake is a normal GET through Fastify's lifecycle, so the same
+// HttpOnly JWT cookie that guards the REST API guards this. We verify the JWT and
+// role here. A browser's WebSocket constructor cannot set custom headers, so the
+// CSRF double-submit header the REST mutations use is unavailable — which would
+// leave the socket open to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking: a malicious page in the
+// operator's browser could open ws://<booth>/api/ws, the browser would auto-attach
+// the HttpOnly cookie, and the attacker would receive the live entry/exit/payment
+// stream. The cookie alone is NOT a control here. So we replace the CSRF check with
+// an Origin allowlist: the handshake's Origin must be same-origin (or an explicitly
+// allowed booth UI origin). Non-browser clients (no Origin) are rejected too.
+// See auth.ts, event-log.ts (emitLedger), capacity-occupancy.md.
+
+/** Roles allowed to watch the live feed (everyone signed in; readonly included —
+ *  it's a read-only stream). */
+const WATCH_ROLES: Role[] = ["admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly"];
+
+/**
+ * Is the handshake's Origin trusted? Same-origin (Origin host === Host header) is
+ * always allowed; additional origins can be allowlisted via WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+ * (comma-separated) for a booth UI served from a different origin. A missing or
+ * mismatched Origin is rejected — that is the anti-CSWSH control.
+ */
+function isAllowedOrigin(origin: string | undefined, host: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!origin) return false; // no Origin → not a same-origin browser request
+  let originHost: string;
+  try {
+    originHost = new URL(origin).host;
+  } catch {
+    return false; // malformed Origin
+  }
+  if (host && originHost === host) return true; // same-origin (any scheme/port match via host)
+  const allow = (process.env.WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS ?? "")
+    .split(",")
+    .map((s) => s.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  return allow.includes(origin);
+}
+
+type OutMsg =
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy> }
+  | { kind: "ledger"; event: unknown; occupancy: ReturnType<typeof getOccupancy> }
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown };
+
+export async function wsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance, db: Db): Promise<void> {
+  app.get(
+    "/api/ws",
+    {
+      websocket: true,
+      // Origin allowlist (anti-CSWSH, replaces CSRF — see file header) THEN JWT +
+      // role. Reject a cross/absent origin before touching the token, so a hijack
+      // attempt never reaches an authenticated socket. jwtVerify reads the cookie.
+      preHandler: async (req) => {
+        if (!isAllowedOrigin(req.headers.origin, req.headers.host)) {
+          throw Object.assign(new Error("forbidden origin"), { statusCode: 403 });
+        }
+        await req.jwtVerify();
+        if (!req.user || !WATCH_ROLES.includes(req.user.role)) {
+          throw Object.assign(new Error("forbidden"), { statusCode: 403 });
+        }
+      },
+    },
+    (socket) => {
+      const send = (msg: OutMsg) => {
+        // readyState 1 = OPEN; never throw out of an event-bus callback.
+        if (socket.readyState === 1) {
+          try {
+            socket.send(JSON.stringify(msg));
+          } catch {
+            /* drop on a broken socket */
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+      // Initial snapshot so the client renders immediately, before any event.
+      send({ kind: "hello", occupancy: getOccupancy(db) });
+
+      // Subscribe to the live buses. Each handler recomputes occupancy from the
+      // ledger (cheap fold) so the pushed count is always authoritative.
+      const offLedger = deviceEvents.onLedger((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "ledger", event, occupancy: getOccupancy(db) });
+      });
+      const offPrinter = deviceEvents.onPrinterStatus((event) => {
+        send({ kind: "printer-status", event });
+      });
+
+      socket.on("close", () => {
+        offLedger();
+        offPrinter();
+      });
+    },
+  );
+}

apps/server/src/server.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,33 @@
 import cookie from "@fastify/cookie";
 import jwt from "@fastify/jwt";
+import websocket from "@fastify/websocket";
 import Fastify, { type FastifyInstance } from "fastify";
-import { createDb, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { createDb, deviceEvents as deviceEventsTable, type Db } from "@parking/db";
 import { TOKEN_COOKIE, requireJwtSecret } from "./auth.js";
 import { deviceEvents } from "./device-events.js";
+import { EntryFlow } from "./entry-flow.js";
 import { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
-import { LaneMap } from "./lane-map.js";
+import { ExitFlow } from "./exit-flow.js";
+import { PayStation } from "./pay-station.js";
+import { PermitFlow } from "./permit-flow.js";
+import { ShiftService } from "./shift-service.js";
+import { ReadDispatcher } from "./read-dispatch.js";
 import { PrinterMonitor } from "./printer-monitor.js";
-import { buildSigner } from "./signer.js";
+import { buildSigner, buildVerifier } from "./signer.js";
 import { authRoutes } from "./routes/auth.js";
 import { deviceRoutes } from "./routes/devices.js";
 import { eventRoutes } from "./routes/events.js";
+import { payRoutes } from "./routes/pay.js";
+import { permitRoutes } from "./routes/permits.js";
+import { qrReaderRoutes } from "./routes/qr-reader.js";
+import { shiftRoutes } from "./routes/shift.js";
+import { siteRoutes } from "./routes/site.js";
+import { snapshotRoutes } from "./routes/snapshots.js";
+import { tariffRoutes } from "./routes/tariffs.js";
 import { printerRoutes } from "./routes/printers.js";
 import { setupRoutes } from "./routes/setup.js";
+import { wsRoutes } from "./routes/ws.js";
 
 // The backend is Fastify (Node). Hardware drivers live as isolated Fastify
 // plugins emitting onto a shared internal event bus; auth is fully local
@@ -31,6 +46,10 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
 
   await app.register(cookie);
 
+  // WebSocket support for the live booth feed (/api/ws). Registered before the
+  // routes so the `{ websocket: true }` route option is available.
+  await app.register(websocket);
+
   // Local JWT signing with a local secret — no external identity provider.
   // Fail fast rather than fall back to a known default: a booth machine started
   // without a real secret would sign tokens anyone could forge (incl. an admin
@@ -38,7 +57,8 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   // The token is carried in an HttpOnly cookie (not the Authorization header).
   await app.register(jwt, {
     secret: requireJwtSecret(),
-    sign: { expiresIn: "8h" }, // bound to a shift; minted tokens must expire
+    // No expiry: a login is valid until explicit logout — a shift is a separate
+    // boundary, not the token lifetime (see auth.ts + wiki/concepts/shift.md).
     cookie: { cookieName: TOKEN_COOKIE, signed: false },
   });
 
@@ -47,15 +67,11 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   // Local username/password login → JWT in an HttpOnly cookie + CSRF cookie.
   await authRoutes(app, db);
 
-  // device id -> lane resolver. Built from lane_devices at startup and refreshed
-  // by setupRoutes on assign/unassign, so device events can be stamped with the
-  // lane the device belongs to (events carry the device id, not a lane).
-  const laneMap = new LaneMap(db);
-  laneMap.refresh();
-
-  // Device-agnostic setup: the admin selects devices per lane from the driver
-  // catalog at first-run. See wiki/concepts/first-run-setup.md.
-  await setupRoutes(app, db, () => laneMap.refresh());
+  // Device-agnostic setup: the admin adds controllers (with their relays + entry
+  // button) and binds readers/cameras to a controller relay at first-run. There is
+  // no lane — a parking lot is one pool with a flexible set of entry/exit points.
+  // See wiki/concepts/first-run-setup.md, entry-exit-points.md.
+  await setupRoutes(app, db);
 
   // Inbound device pushes (e.g. Dingtian Input Link URL → button events),
   // guarded by source-IP allowlist + a shared-secret path token, both read from
@@ -70,39 +86,97 @@ export async function buildServer(opts: BuildOptions = {}): Promise<FastifyInsta
   app.addHook("onReady", async () => printerMonitor.start());
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => printerMonitor.stop());
 
-  // Append-only signed event log. Subscribe device pushes (e.g. Dingtian button
-  // presses) into the hash-chained, signed `events` table — the anti-fraud audit
-  // trail. The device is NOT trusted; the host record is the source of truth, and
-  // a relay open with no matching signed event is itself the anomaly. We record
-  // the raw input faithfully as `input_received` (not yet a `vehicle_entry` — that
-  // comes with the full entry flow). See wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md.
-  const eventLog = new EventLog(db, buildSigner(app.log));
+  // Append-only signed business LEDGER (ledger_events). Holds only business facts
+  // (vehicle_entry/exit, payment, void, …) — the anti-fraud audit trail. A raw
+  // button press is NOT a business fact: it's device telemetry, recorded UNSIGNED
+  // in device_events. The entry flow (TODO) turns an input into a signed
+  // vehicle_entry once a ticket prints + the barrier is commanded.
+  // See wiki/decisions/event-streams-split.md.
+  // The 4th arg is a read-side fan-out fired AFTER each durable append — used to
+  // push the event to live booth clients (WS). It cannot affect the sign/chain path.
+  const eventLog = new EventLog(db, buildSigner(app.log), buildVerifier, (row) =>
+    deviceEvents.emitLedger(row),
+  );
   await eventRoutes(app, db, eventLog);
+
+  // Live booth feed: server-pushed ledger + occupancy + printer-status over a
+  // single authenticated WebSocket (/api/ws). See routes/ws.ts.
+  await wsRoutes(app, db);
+
+  // Entry/exit camera snapshots (BLOB-in-DB), read-only. See snapshot.ts.
+  await snapshotRoutes(app, db);
+
+  // Entry flow: a button press → print ticket → signed vehicle_entry → pulseOpen.
+  // Subscribes to the SAME input bus as the telemetry writer below; the two are
+  // independent (telemetry always records; the entry flow acts only on an access
+  // device's rising edge). See wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md + parking-session.md.
+  const entryFlow = new EntryFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  const unsubscribeEntry = deviceEvents.onInput((e) => {
+    void entryFlow.onInput(e);
+  });
+  app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeEntry());
+
+  // Read-driven flows: a credential read (ticket scan / plate / card) routes via the
+  // dispatcher to either the PERMIT flow (if it matches a permit) or the transient
+  // EXIT flow. See read-dispatch.ts, exit-flow.ts, permit-flow.ts, parking-session.md.
+  const exitFlow = new ExitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  const permitFlow = new PermitFlow(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  const readDispatcher = new ReadDispatcher(db, exitFlow, permitFlow, app.log);
+  const unsubscribeRead = deviceEvents.onRead((e) => {
+    void readDispatcher.dispatch(e);
+  });
+  app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeRead());
+
+  // GEE/Dingtian QR reader: it HTTP-GETs on each scan and beeps/acts on our JSON
+  // verdict (host-in-the-loop, synchronous). Routes the read through the dispatcher
+  // and replies the SDK verdict. See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md, qrcode-sdk.md.
+  await qrReaderRoutes(app, db, readDispatcher);
+
+  // Shifts (manned mode): explicit open/close → signed shift_open / shift_z_report
+  // (sum payments by tender, print the Z-report). Constructed before the pay routes
+  // because the booth money path is GATED on an open shift. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const shiftService = new ShiftService(db, eventLog, app.log);
+
+  // Pay station (pay-on-foot): quote an open session against the active tariff +
+  // take payment → signed `payment` event. The booth pay/exit/voucher/re-open
+  // endpoints require an open shift (passed in). See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+  const payStation = new PayStation(db, eventLog, app.log);
+  await payRoutes(app, db, payStation, exitFlow, shiftService);
+
+  // Tariff composer: admin publishes effective-dated, immutable rate-card versions
+  // the pay station prices against. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+  await tariffRoutes(app, db);
+
+  // Permit (subscription) admin CRUD. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+  await permitRoutes(app, db);
+
+  // Shift open/close + drawer endpoints (shiftService constructed above).
+  await shiftRoutes(app, shiftService);
+
+  // Site config (capacity) + live occupancy. The FULL gate (refuse transient entry
+  // at capacity) is in the entry flow. See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+  await siteRoutes(app, db);
+
   const unsubscribeInput = deviceEvents.onInput((e) => {
-    // Resolve which lane the device belongs to. -1 marks "device fired but isn't
-    // mapped to a lane" (assigned without a lane, or a stale id) — still recorded
-    // faithfully (the chain is append-only) rather than silently dropped or
-    // mis-stamped as lane 0, which is a real lane.
-    const lane = laneMap.laneFor(e.deviceId) ?? -1;
-    if (lane === -1) {
-      app.log.warn(`input from unmapped device ${e.driverId}:${e.deviceId} — logged as lane -1`);
-    }
-    eventLog
-      .append({
-        type: "input_received",
-        lane,
-        // `source` is an IdentitySource (wiegand/lpr/qr/ticket/manual) — how a
-        // VEHICLE was identified. A raw input has none, so it stays null. The
-        // device provenance lives in `identity` instead.
-        source: null,
-        identity: `${e.driverId}:${e.deviceId} input:${e.input}/${e.edge}`,
+    // Record every input edge as unsigned telemetry, keyed to the device that fired
+    // (provenance). No lane — the pool-of-spaces model has none. The entry flow
+    // (above) independently decides whether this edge is an entry button.
+    try {
+      db.insert(deviceEventsTable)
+        .values({
+          id: randomUUID(),
+          deviceId: e.deviceId,
+          category: "access",
+          kind: "input",
+          detail: { driverId: e.driverId, input: e.input, edge: e.edge },
           occurredAt: e.at,
         })
-      .catch((err) => app.log.error(`event-log append failed: ${(err as Error).message}`));
+        .run();
+    } catch (err) {
+      app.log.error(`device-event insert failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+    }
   });
   app.addHook("onClose", async () => unsubscribeInput());
 
-  // TODO: entry flow (input event → signed event → print → relay).
-
   return app;
 }

apps/server/src/shift-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+import { eq, devices, ledgerEvents, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type PrinterDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { LedgerPayload } from "@parking/shared";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import type { EventLog } from "./event-log.js";
+
+// Shift service (manned mode only). A shift is an operator's accountability period,
+// delimited by EXPLICIT marks — not a clock. Represented entirely as signed ledger
+// events (no mutable table): `shift_open` … `shift_z_report`. At close, sum the
+// `payment` events taken during the shift by tender and print a Z-report.
+// See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+
+export class ShiftAlreadyOpenError extends Error {
+  /** The operator who currently holds the open shift (may be someone else). */
+  readonly heldBy: string;
+  constructor(operator: string, heldBy: string) {
+    super(
+      heldBy === operator
+        ? `operator ${operator} already has an open shift`
+        : `another operator (${heldBy}) has an open shift; only one shift may be open at a time`,
+    );
+    this.name = "ShiftAlreadyOpenError";
+    this.heldBy = heldBy;
+  }
+}
+export class NoOpenShiftError extends Error {
+  constructor(operator: string) {
+    super(`operator ${operator} has no open shift`);
+    this.name = "NoOpenShiftError";
+  }
+}
+/** Thrown by the booth money path when NO shift is open site-wide — an operator
+ *  must open a shift before any payment/exit can be attributed to a shift. */
+export class NoShiftOpenError extends Error {
+  constructor() {
+    super("no shift is open — open a shift before processing tickets");
+    this.name = "NoShiftOpenError";
+  }
+}
+
+export interface ShiftReport {
+  readonly operator: string;
+  readonly startedAt: string;
+  readonly endedAt: string;
+  readonly cashTotalMinor: number;
+  readonly cardTotalMinor: number;
+  readonly currency: string | null;
+  readonly paymentCount: number;
+  // --- Drawer (physical cash till; carries across shifts) ---
+  /** Cash in the drawer at shift start = prior shift's expected closing drawer. */
+  readonly openingFloatMinor: number;
+  /** Admin cash LOADED into the drawer during the shift (sum of + movements). */
+  readonly cashAddedMinor: number;
+  /** Admin cash REMOVED from the drawer during the shift (sum of − movements, as +). */
+  readonly cashRemovedMinor: number;
+  /** Expected drawer at close = opening + cashTaken + added − removed. Carries forward. */
+  readonly expectedDrawerMinor: number;
+  readonly printed: boolean;
+}
+
+export class InvalidCashMovementError extends Error {
+  constructor(msg: string) {
+    super(msg);
+    this.name = "InvalidCashMovementError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class ShiftService {
+  readonly #db: Db;
+  readonly #log: EventLog;
+  readonly #logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+
+  constructor(db: Db, log: EventLog, logger: FastifyBaseLogger) {
+    this.#db = db;
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#logger = logger;
+  }
+
+  /** Current physical drawer balance (cash payments + cash_movements, by time). For
+   *  the UI to show "inherited / in the drawer now". */
+  drawerBalance(): { balanceMinor: number; currency: string | null } {
+    return this.#drawerBalanceAt(new Date().toISOString());
+  }
+
+  /** Is there an open shift for this operator? Returns the open `shift_open` row or null. */
+  openShiftFor(operator: string) {
+    // Scan shift events for this operator; the shift is open if the most recent
+    // shift event for them is a `shift_open` (not yet closed by a z_report).
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.identity, operator))
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.type === "shift_open" || r.type === "shift_z_report");
+    const last = rows[rows.length - 1];
+    return last && last.type === "shift_open" ? last : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The SINGLE site-wide open shift, or null. A shift is a site-wide accountability
+   * period: at most ONE may be open at a time (so booth takings are unambiguously
+   * attributed to one operator). It's open iff the most recent shift event on the
+   * whole chain is a `shift_open` (the matching `shift_z_report` hasn't been
+   * appended yet). Returns that row so callers can read its operator/startedAt.
+   */
+  currentOpenShift() {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.type === "shift_open" || r.type === "shift_z_report");
+    const last = rows[rows.length - 1];
+    return last && last.type === "shift_open" ? last : null;
+  }
+
+  /** Require an open shift for the booth money path; returns it or throws. */
+  requireOpenShift() {
+    const open = this.currentOpenShift();
+    if (!open) throw new NoShiftOpenError();
+    return open;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The physical drawer balance at `at`: a fold over the SIGNED chain BY TIME (not
+   * by operator — a cash_movement is the admin's, not the shift operator's). Cash
+   * payments add to the drawer; card payments never touch it; cash_movement amounts
+   * (signed: + load, − removal) adjust it. This is what carries across shifts.
+   */
+  #drawerBalanceAt(at: string): { balanceMinor: number; currency: string | null } {
+    const rows = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .orderBy(ledgerEvents.index)
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.occurredAt <= at && (r.type === "payment" || r.type === "cash_movement"));
+    let balanceMinor = 0;
+    let currency: string | null = null;
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const pl = (r.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload;
+      const amt = typeof pl.amountMinor === "number" ? pl.amountMinor : 0;
+      if (r.type === "payment") {
+        // Only CASH enters the till; card settles to the bank.
+        if (pl.tender !== "card") balanceMinor += amt;
+      } else {
+        // cash_movement amount is signed (+ load, − removal).
+        balanceMinor += amt;
+      }
+      if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
+    }
+    return { balanceMinor, currency };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Record an admin cash movement (load/remove drawer float). `amountMinor` is
+   * signed: positive = cash loaded IN, negative = cash taken OUT. Signed +
+   * attributed. Admin-only is enforced at the route. Returns the new drawer balance.
+   */
+  async recordCashMovement(
+    operator: string,
+    amountMinor: number,
+    reason: string,
+    currency?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; balanceMinor: number }> {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(amountMinor) || amountMinor === 0) {
+      throw new InvalidCashMovementError("amountMinor must be a non-zero integer (minor units)");
+    }
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "cash_movement",
+      source: "manual",
+      identity: operator, // who moved the cash (admin)
+      payload: {
+        amountMinor,
+        ...(reason ? { reason } : {}),
+        ...(currency ? { currency } : {}),
+        operator,
+      },
+      occurredAt: now,
+    });
+    const { balanceMinor } = this.#drawerBalanceAt(now);
+    this.#logger.info(
+      `cash_movement ${amountMinor >= 0 ? "+" : ""}${amountMinor} by ${operator} (${reason || "no reason"}) → drawer ${balanceMinor}`,
+    );
+    return { amountMinor, balanceMinor };
+  }
+
+  /** Open a shift for the operator (explicit start). The opening float is auto-
+   *  inherited from the chain = the drawer balance at the start instant. */
+  async open(operator: string): Promise<{ startedAt: string; openingFloatMinor: number }> {
+    // Site-wide single-open invariant: refuse if ANY shift is open — whether this
+    // operator's own (double-open) or another operator's (handover not done). Only
+    // one accountability period at a time.
+    const current = this.currentOpenShift();
+    if (current) throw new ShiftAlreadyOpenError(operator, current.identity ?? operator);
+    const startedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    const { balanceMinor: openingFloatMinor } = this.#drawerBalanceAt(startedAt);
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "shift_open",
+      source: "manual",
+      identity: operator, // the shift's operator; `identity` keys the shift to them
+      // Record the inherited opening float on the shift_open so it's reproducible
+      // and the next operator's handover figure is fixed in the chain.
+      payload: { operator, openingFloatMinor },
+      occurredAt: startedAt,
+    });
+    this.#logger.info(`shift opened for ${operator} (opening float ${openingFloatMinor})`);
+    return { startedAt, openingFloatMinor };
+  }
+
+  /** Close the operator's open shift: sum payments in the window, sign + print the Z-report. */
+  async close(operator: string): Promise<ShiftReport> {
+    const open = this.openShiftFor(operator);
+    if (!open) throw new NoOpenShiftError(operator);
+    const startedAt = open.occurredAt;
+    const endedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    // All payments taken in [startedAt, endedAt], summed by tender. Payment time =
+    // the operator who handled the money (decision: sum by payment time).
+    const payments = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "payment"))
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.occurredAt >= startedAt && r.occurredAt <= endedAt);
+
+    let cashTotalMinor = 0;
+    let cardTotalMinor = 0;
+    let currency: string | null = null;
+    for (const p of payments) {
+      const pl = (p.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload;
+      const amt = typeof pl.amountMinor === "number" ? pl.amountMinor : 0;
+      if (pl.tender === "card") cardTotalMinor += amt;
+      else cashTotalMinor += amt;
+      if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
+    }
+
+    // --- Drawer figures ---
+    // Opening float was fixed on shift_open (inherited from the chain at start);
+    // fall back to a fresh fold if an older shift_open lacks it.
+    const openPl = (open.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload & { openingFloatMinor?: number };
+    const openingFloatMinor =
+      typeof openPl.openingFloatMinor === "number"
+        ? openPl.openingFloatMinor
+        : this.#drawerBalanceAt(startedAt).balanceMinor;
+
+    // Cash movements within the shift window, split into added (+) and removed (−).
+    const movements = this.#db
+      .select()
+      .from(ledgerEvents)
+      .where(eq(ledgerEvents.type, "cash_movement"))
+      .all()
+      .filter((r) => r.occurredAt >= startedAt && r.occurredAt <= endedAt);
+    let cashAddedMinor = 0;
+    let cashRemovedMinor = 0;
+    for (const m of movements) {
+      const pl = (m.payload ?? {}) as LedgerPayload;
+      const amt = typeof pl.amountMinor === "number" ? pl.amountMinor : 0;
+      if (amt >= 0) cashAddedMinor += amt;
+      else cashRemovedMinor += -amt; // store as a positive magnitude
+      if (pl.currency) currency = pl.currency;
+    }
+
+    // Expected drawer at close = opening + cash taken + added − removed. This is the
+    // figure the NEXT shift inherits as its opening float.
+    const expectedDrawerMinor = openingFloatMinor + cashTotalMinor + cashAddedMinor - cashRemovedMinor;
+
+    const report: Omit<ShiftReport, "printed"> = {
+      operator,
+      startedAt,
+      endedAt,
+      cashTotalMinor,
+      cardTotalMinor,
+      currency,
+      paymentCount: payments.length,
+      openingFloatMinor,
+      cashAddedMinor,
+      cashRemovedMinor,
+      expectedDrawerMinor,
+    };
+
+    await this.#log.append({
+      type: "shift_z_report",
+      source: "manual",
+      identity: operator,
+      payload: {
+        operator,
+        startedAt,
+        endedAt,
+        cashTotalMinor,
+        cardTotalMinor,
+        currency: currency ?? undefined,
+        paymentCount: payments.length,
+        openingFloatMinor,
+        cashAddedMinor,
+        cashRemovedMinor,
+        expectedDrawerMinor,
+      },
+    });
+
+    const printed = await this.#printZReport(report);
+
+    this.#logger.info(
+      `shift closed for ${operator}: cash ${cashTotalMinor} card ${cardTotalMinor} (${payments.length} payments); ` +
+        `drawer open ${openingFloatMinor} +${cashAddedMinor} −${cashRemovedMinor} → expected ${expectedDrawerMinor}`,
+    );
+    return { ...report, printed };
+  }
+
+  /** Print the Z-report on a booth-receipt printer (best-effort; the signed event
+   *  is the record — a failed print doesn't undo the close). */
+  async #printZReport(r: Omit<ShiftReport, "printed">): Promise<boolean> {
+    const printer = await this.#boothPrinter();
+    if (!printer) {
+      this.#logger.warn(`no booth-receipt printer — Z-report for ${r.operator} not printed (event is recorded)`);
+      return false;
+    }
+    const cur = r.currency ?? "";
+    const money = (m: number) => (m / 100).toFixed(2);
+    const lines = [
+      `Operator: ${r.operator}`,
+      `From: ${r.startedAt}`,
+      `To:   ${r.endedAt}`,
+      "",
+      `Payments: ${r.paymentCount}`,
+      `Cash: ${money(r.cashTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Card: ${money(r.cardTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      "",
+      "-- Drawer --",
+      `Opening float: ${money(r.openingFloatMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash taken:    ${money(r.cashTotalMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash added:    ${money(r.cashAddedMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Cash removed:  ${money(r.cashRemovedMinor)} ${cur}`,
+      `Expected drawer: ${money(r.expectedDrawerMinor)} ${cur}`,
+    ];
+    try {
+      await printer.printReport({ title: "SHIFT Z-REPORT", lines });
+      return true;
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.#logger.warn(`Z-report print failed for ${r.operator}: ${(err as Error).message} (event recorded)`);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** First enabled booth-receipt printer, or any enabled printer. */
+  async #boothPrinter(): Promise<PrinterDevice | null> {
+    const rows = await this.#db.select().from(devices).where(eq(devices.category, "printer")).all();
+    const enabled = rows.filter((r) => r.enabled);
+    const booth = enabled.find((r) => (r.config as { role?: string }).role === "booth-receipt") ?? enabled[0];
+    if (!booth) return null;
+    const driver = registry.get(booth.driverId);
+    if (!driver) return null;
+    try {
+      return driver.create(booth.config as never) as PrinterDevice;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/signer.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ export class SoftwareSigner implements Signer {
   readonly keyId: string;
   readonly #key: Buffer;
 
-  constructor(secret: string, keyId = "sw-hmac-v1") {
+  // v2 canonical form: `lane` dropped from the signed array (pool-of-spaces model,
+  // 2026-06-16). v1 events used a different field order and won't verify under v2 —
+  // that's intentional and gated by the per-event keyId. See event-log canonicalize().
+  constructor(secret: string, keyId = "sw-hmac-v2") {
     this.#key = Buffer.from(secret, "utf8");
     this.keyId = keyId;
   }
@@ -55,3 +58,30 @@ export function buildSigner(log?: { warn: (msg: string) => void }): Signer {
     "event signing: no signing key. Set EVENT_SIGNING_KEY (>=16 chars) for the append-only event chain.",
   );
 }
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the signer that can VERIFY an existing event, by its stored `keyId`.
+ * Appends always use the one signer from buildSigner(), but a chain can contain
+ * events signed under different keys across a rotation (e.g. the JWT_SECRET
+ * fallback before a dedicated EVENT_SIGNING_KEY was set, or an ATECC608 swap).
+ * Each event stores its own `keyId`, so verifyChain() must check each row against
+ * the key that produced it — not the current append-signer. Returns undefined for
+ * an unknown keyId (the key is gone / not configured), which verifyChain surfaces
+ * as a distinct failure rather than a false "tampered" alarm.
+ *
+ * TODO(atecc608): add an "atecc608-slotN" case returning a public-key verifier.
+ */
+export function buildVerifier(keyId: string): Signer | undefined {
+  switch (keyId) {
+    case "sw-hmac-v2": {
+      const k = process.env.EVENT_SIGNING_KEY;
+      return k && k.length >= 16 ? new SoftwareSigner(k, "sw-hmac-v2") : undefined;
+    }
+    case "sw-hmac-jwtfallback": {
+      const k = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
+      return k && k.length >= 16 ? new SoftwareSigner(k, "sw-hmac-jwtfallback") : undefined;
+    }
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}

apps/server/src/snapshot.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { deviceEvents as deviceEventsTable, snapshots, type Db } from "@parking/db";
+import { registry, type CameraDevice } from "@parking/devices";
+import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
+import { devicesByDirection, type FlowDirection } from "./device-resolve.js";
+
+// Camera snapshot capture, fired AFTER the barrier opens and never awaited on the
+// open path (decision 2026-06-16): a snapshot is EVIDENCE, not a gate. A camera
+// failure must never delay or prevent an open — the signed ledger is the decision,
+// the image is an independent, prunable record stored as a BLOB in `snapshots`.
+// See wiki/concepts/entry-exit-points.md and append-only-event-chain.md.
+//
+// Every camera serving the firing direction (entry/exit, or both) snapshots. Each
+// capture is independent — one camera down doesn't stop the others. A captured image
+// → a `snapshots` row + a `kind:"snapshot"` telemetry device_event; a failure → a
+// telemetry device_event only. The caller passes the session `identity` so the image
+// links to the signed vehicle_entry/exit.
+
+interface SnapshotJob {
+  readonly db: Db;
+  readonly direction: FlowDirection;
+  /** Session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit car key) — links to the ledger. */
+  readonly identity: string;
+  readonly logger: FastifyBaseLogger;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fire snapshots for the directional camera set. Returns immediately with a promise
+ * the caller MAY ignore (fire-and-forget) — it resolves to the captured snapshot ids.
+ * The caller must NOT block its open path on this.
+ */
+export function snapshotAsync(job: SnapshotJob): Promise<string[]> {
+  const { db, direction, identity, logger } = job;
+  const rows = devicesByDirection(db, "camera", direction);
+  if (rows.length === 0) return Promise.resolve([]);
+
+  return Promise.all(
+    rows.map(async (row): Promise<string | null> => {
+      const camera = buildCamera(row);
+      if (!camera) {
+        recordFailure(db, direction, row.id, identity, "camera config won't build", logger);
+        return null;
+      }
+      try {
+        const shot = await camera.captureSnapshot({ direction });
+        const id: string = randomUUID();
+        db.insert(snapshots)
+          .values({
+            id,
+            direction,
+            deviceId: row.id,
+            identity,
+            contentType: shot.contentType,
+            bytes: shot.bytes,
+            capturedAt: shot.capturedAt,
+          })
+          .run();
+        // Telemetry breadcrumb pointing at the stored image (NOT the bytes).
+        recordEvent(db, direction, row.id, identity, { snapshotId: id, ok: true }, logger);
+        return id;
+      } catch (err) {
+        recordFailure(db, direction, row.id, identity, (err as Error).message, logger);
+        return null;
+      }
+    }),
+  ).then((ids) => ids.filter((id): id is string => id != null));
+}
+
+/** Build a live camera adapter from a resolved devices row, or null. */
+function buildCamera(row: { driverId: string; config: unknown }): CameraDevice | null {
+  const driver = registry.get(row.driverId);
+  if (!driver) return null;
+  try {
+    return driver.create(row.config as never) as CameraDevice;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function recordFailure(
+  db: Db,
+  direction: FlowDirection,
+  deviceId: string,
+  identity: string,
+  error: string,
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): void {
+  logger.warn(`snapshot failed (${direction}, ${identity}): ${error}`);
+  recordEvent(db, direction, deviceId, identity, { ok: false, error }, logger);
+}
+
+function recordEvent(
+  db: Db,
+  direction: FlowDirection,
+  deviceId: string,
+  identity: string,
+  detail: Record<string, unknown>,
+  logger: FastifyBaseLogger,
+): void {
+  try {
+    db.insert(deviceEventsTable)
+      .values({
+        id: randomUUID(),
+        deviceId,
+        category: "camera",
+        kind: "snapshot",
+        detail: { ...detail, direction, identity },
+        occurredAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      })
+      .run();
+  } catch (err) {
+    // Telemetry is best-effort; never let it surface on the (already-open) path.
+    logger.error(`snapshot device-event insert failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+  }
+}

apps/web/package.json

@@ -12,13 +12,24 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@parking/shared": "workspace:*",
+    "@radix-ui/react-dialog": "^1.1.17",
+    "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu": "^2.1.18",
+    "@radix-ui/react-tabs": "^1.1.15",
+    "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.101.0",
+    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.170.16",
+    "i18next": "^26.3.1",
     "react": "19.2.7",
-    "react-dom": "19.2.7"
+    "react-dom": "19.2.7",
+    "react-i18next": "^17.0.8",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.14"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.3.1",
+    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.167.0",
     "@types/react": "19.2.17",
     "@types/react-dom": "19.2.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "6.0.2",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4.3.1",
     "typescript": "6.0.3",
     "vite": "8.0.16"
   }

apps/web/src/ActiveSessions.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchActiveSessions, reopenBarrier, type ActiveSession } from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { formatDuration, formatTime } from "./lib/format.js";
+import { Panel } from "./ui/Panel.js";
+
+// Active Sessions panel. A session is "active" while still inside OR exited-but-
+// within-grace (the barrier is UNCONFIRMED, so a paid/exited car is presumed
+// possibly-present until grace runs out). Lets the operator find a stuck car —
+// damaged ticket, dead scanner, or a phantom barrier re-close — without a scan:
+//   - click a row → the pay/exit modal (pay an unpaid car, or review),
+//   - "Open barrier" (PAID sessions only) → an audited human-intervention re-pulse.
+// No payment → no Open barrier button (the no-unpaid-bypass rule).
+// See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md.
+
+function statusBadge(s: ActiveSession): { key: string; cls: string } {
+  if (!s.open && s.withinGrace) return { key: "booth.badgeExiting", cls: "text-term-cyan" };
+  if (s.paidAt) return { key: "booth.badgePaid", cls: "text-term-green" };
+  return { key: "booth.badgeUnpaid", cls: "text-term-amber" };
+}
+
+export function ActiveSessions({ onPick }: { onPick: (identity: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  // The audited barrier re-open is a money-path action (server-gated on an open
+  // shift); disable it unless this operator's shift is open.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, isMine: shiftMine } = useShift();
+  const shiftReady = shiftOpen && shiftMine;
+  const { data, isLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: qk.activeSessions,
+    queryFn: fetchActiveSessions,
+    // Belt-and-braces refresh in case a grace window expires with no ledger event
+    // to invalidate the cache (the WS only pushes on appends).
+    refetchInterval: 15_000,
+  });
+
+  const reopen = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: (identity: string) => reopenBarrier(identity),
+    onSettled: () => {
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+    },
+  });
+  const [reopenMsg, setReopenMsg] = useState<{ id: string; text: string; ok: boolean } | null>(null);
+
+  const sessions = data?.sessions ?? [];
+
+  async function handleReopen(s: ActiveSession) {
+    setReopenMsg(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await reopen.mutateAsync(s.identity);
+      setReopenMsg({
+        id: s.identity,
+        ok: r.opened,
+        text: r.opened ? t("booth.barrierOpened") : r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually"),
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setReopenMsg({ id: s.identity, ok: false, text: (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Panel
+      title={t("booth.activeSessions")}
+      right={
+        <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+          {sessions.length} {t("booth.insideCount")}
+        </span>
+      }
+      className="min-h-0"
+    >
+      <div className="h-full overflow-y-auto pr-1">
+        {sessions.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="text-term-muted">{isLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("booth.noActiveSessions")}</div>
+        ) : (
+          sessions.map((s) => {
+            const badge = statusBadge(s);
+            const msg = reopenMsg?.id === s.identity ? reopenMsg : null;
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={s.identity}
+                className="flex items-center gap-3 border-b border-term-border/50 py-1.5 text-[12px] tabular-nums"
+              >
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => onPick(s.identity)}
+                  className="flex flex-1 items-center gap-3 text-left hover:text-term-amber"
+                  title={t("booth.openPayExit")}
+                >
+                  <span className="text-term-text">{s.identity}</span>
+                  <span className="text-term-muted">
+                    {t("booth.inAt")} {formatTime(s.enteredAt)}
+                  </span>
+                  <span className="text-term-muted">{formatDuration(s.enteredAt, new Date().toISOString())}</span>
+                  <span className={`ml-auto w-16 text-right font-semibold uppercase ${badge.cls}`}>{t(badge.key)}</span>
+                </button>
+
+                {/* Open barrier — PAID sessions only (no payment, no button). */}
+                {s.paidAt ? (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    disabled={reopen.isPending || !shiftReady}
+                    onClick={() => handleReopen(s)}
+                    className="shrink-0 rounded-term border border-term-cyan px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-cyan hover:bg-term-cyan/10 disabled:opacity-50"
+                    title={shiftReady ? t("booth.openBarrierTitle") : t("shift.gateTitle")}
+                  >
+                    {t("booth.openBarrier")}
+                  </button>
+                ) : (
+                  <span className="w-[88px] shrink-0" />
+                )}
+
+                {msg && (
+                  <span className={`shrink-0 text-[10px] ${msg.ok ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-red"}`}>
+                    {msg.text}
+                  </span>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            );
+          })
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </Panel>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/App.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { fetchMe, logout, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
+import { QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { RouterProvider } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { fetchMe, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
 import { Login } from "./Login.js";
-import { SetupWizard } from "./SetupWizard.js";
+import { queryClient } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { setLanguage } from "./lib/i18n/index.js";
+import { router } from "./router.js";
 
-// Operator UI shell. Plain React (no admin framework) — the operator UI is
-// simple enough that a framework's abstractions cost more than they save.
-// Auth is cookie-based; the SPA bootstraps the session from /api/auth/me.
+// App root: bootstraps the session (cookie-based, from /api/auth/me), then hands
+// off to TanStack Router inside the QueryClient provider. The router renders the
+// terminal chrome + screens; auth gating stays here (Login until signed in), and
+// the signed-in user flows into the router context for role-based route guards.
 // See wiki/entities/react-vite-spa.md and local-jwt-auth.md.
 
 export function App() {
@@ -18,31 +23,26 @@ export function App() {
       .finally(() => setLoading(false));
   }, []);
 
-  if (loading) return <p style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", padding: "2rem" }}>Loading…</p>;
-  if (!user) return <Login onLoggedIn={setUser} />;
+  // Apply the signed-in user's preferred language whenever it resolves/changes
+  // (login, bootstrap, or a toggle). Albanian is the default before auth resolves.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (user) setLanguage(user.language);
+  }, [user]);
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return <div className="flex h-screen items-center justify-center text-term-muted">loading…</div>;
+  }
+  if (!user) {
+    return (
+      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+        <Login onLoggedIn={setUser} />
+      </QueryClientProvider>
+    );
+  }
 
   return (
-    <main style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", padding: "2rem", maxWidth: 720 }}>
-      <header style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between", alignItems: "baseline" }}>
-        <h1 style={{ margin: 0 }}>Parking System</h1>
-        <span style={{ color: "#555" }}>
-          {user.username} ({user.role}){" "}
-          <button
-            type="button"
-            onClick={async () => {
-              await logout();
-              setUser(null);
-            }}
-          >
-            Log out
-          </button>
-        </span>
-      </header>
-      {user.role === "admin" ? (
-        <SetupWizard />
-      ) : (
-        <p style={{ marginTop: "1rem" }}>Signed in. (Operator console coming soon.)</p>
-      )}
-    </main>
+    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+      <RouterProvider router={router} context={{ user, setUser }} />
+    </QueryClientProvider>
   );
 }

apps/web/src/BoothPayModal.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Dialog from "@radix-ui/react-dialog";
+import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import {
+  boothExit,
+  fetchSiteConfig,
+  lookupSession,
+  openShift,
+  paySession,
+  printVoucher,
+  type SessionLookup,
+} from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { formatDuration, formatMoney, formatTime } from "./lib/format.js";
+import { SnapshotStrip } from "./ui/SnapshotStrip.js";
+
+// The booth pay/exit modal. Opened when the operator submits a ticket id. Shows the
+// session (entry, exit=now, duration, total owed) + entry/exit snapshots, takes
+// payment, then EITHER prints an exit voucher (customer self-exits at a distant
+// exit) OR fires the exit immediately (booth at/near the exit) — controlled by a
+// checkbox defaulting from site_config.exitVoucherDefault. See booth-exit-flow.md.
+
+type Phase = "review" | "paying" | "finishing" | "done" | "error";
+
+export function BoothPayModal({ identity, onClose }: { identity: string; onClose: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const session = useQuery({ queryKey: ["session", identity], queryFn: () => lookupSession(identity) });
+  const config = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.siteConfig, queryFn: fetchSiteConfig });
+
+  // A shift must be open (and mine) before any pay/exit/voucher action — the booth
+  // money path is gated. The server enforces this too (409 no_shift); the modal
+  // surfaces it up front and offers a one-click open. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, isMine: shiftMine, blockedByOther, heldBy } = useShift();
+  const shiftReady = shiftOpen && shiftMine;
+
+  const [tender, setTender] = useState<"cash" | "card">("cash");
+  const [printVoucherChecked, setPrintVoucherChecked] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
+  const [phase, setPhase] = useState<Phase>("review");
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [openingShift, setOpeningShift] = useState(false);
+
+  const s: SessionLookup | undefined = session.data;
+  // Checkbox default comes from config the first time it loads; operator can toggle.
+  const voucher = printVoucherChecked ?? config.data?.exitVoucherDefault ?? false;
+
+  const alreadyPaid = s?.paidAt != null;
+  const canPay = shiftReady && s?.found && s.open && !alreadyPaid;
+
+  async function handleOpenShift() {
+    setOpeningShift(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await openShift();
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setOpeningShift(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handlePayAndExit() {
+    if (!s) return;
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      // 1. Take payment (unless already paid — e.g. paid earlier at a kiosk).
+      if (!alreadyPaid) {
+        setPhase("paying");
+        await paySession(identity, tender);
+      }
+      // 2. Voucher OR immediate exit.
+      setPhase("finishing");
+      if (voucher) {
+        const r = await printVoucher(identity);
+        setResult(t("pay.voucherPrinted", { printer: r.printedBy }));
+      } else {
+        const r = await boothExit(identity);
+        setResult(
+          r.opened
+            ? t("pay.paidBarrierOpened")
+            : t("pay.paidExitRecorded", { reason: r.reason ?? t("booth.openManually") }),
+        );
+      }
+      // Refresh the live views.
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+      setPhase("done");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError((e as Error).message);
+      setPhase("error");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog.Root open onOpenChange={(o) => !o && onClose()}>
+      <Dialog.Portal>
+        <Dialog.Overlay className="fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-black/70" />
+        <Dialog.Content
+          className="fixed left-1/2 top-1/2 z-50 w-[560px] max-w-[95vw] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel font-mono text-term-text shadow-2xl"
+          aria-describedby={undefined}
+        >
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 px-4 py-2">
+            <Dialog.Title className="m-0 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+              {t("pay.ticket")} {identity}
+            </Dialog.Title>
+            <Dialog.Close className="text-term-muted hover:text-term-text" aria-label={t("common.close")}>
+              ✕
+            </Dialog.Close>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 p-4">
+            {/* Shift gate — block all actions until THIS operator has a shift open.
+                Another operator's open shift can't be operated under (no shared
+                till); only an "open mine" path when no shift is open at all. */}
+            {!shiftReady && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-amber bg-term-amber/5 px-3 py-2">
+                {blockedByOther ? (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+                      {t("shift.gateOtherTitle")}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="mt-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">
+                      {t("shift.gateOtherBody", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" })}
+                    </div>
+                  </>
+                ) : (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+                      {t("shift.gateTitle")}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="mt-1 text-[12px] text-term-text">{t("shift.gateBody")}</div>
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={handleOpenShift}
+                      disabled={openingShift}
+                      className="mt-2 rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-3 py-1 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-50"
+                    >
+                      {openingShift ? t("shift.opening") : t("shift.openNow")}
+                    </button>
+                  </>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {session.isLoading && <div className="text-term-muted">{t("pay.lookingUp")}</div>}
+
+            {s && !s.found && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-term-red">
+                {t("pay.noSessionFound")}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {s && s.found && !s.open && (
+              <div className="rounded-term border border-term-amber px-3 py-2 text-term-amber">
+                {t("pay.alreadyClosed", { time: formatTime(s.exitedAt) })}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {s && s.found && s.open && (
+              <>
+                {/* Session figures */}
+                <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-6 gap-y-1 tabular-nums">
+                  <Row label={t("pay.entry")} value={formatTime(s.enteredAt)} />
+                  <Row label={t("pay.now")} value={formatTime(new Date().toISOString())} />
+                  <Row
+                    label={t("pay.duration")}
+                    value={s.enteredAt ? formatDuration(s.enteredAt, new Date().toISOString()) : "—"}
+                  />
+                  <Row
+                    label={t("pay.statusLabel")}
+                    value={alreadyPaid ? t("pay.paid") : t("pay.unpaid")}
+                    valueClass={alreadyPaid ? "text-term-green" : "text-term-amber"}
+                  />
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Total */}
+                <div className="flex items-end justify-between rounded-term bg-term-panel-2 px-3 py-2">
+                  <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("pay.total")}</span>
+                  <span className="text-3xl font-bold text-term-cyan">
+                    {s.amountMinor != null && s.currency
+                      ? formatMoney(s.amountMinor, s.currency)
+                      : alreadyPaid
+                        ? t("booth.badgePaid")
+                        : t("pay.noTariff")}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Snapshots */}
+                <SnapshotStrip identity={identity} />
+
+                {phase !== "done" && (
+                  <>
+                    {/* Tender */}
+                    {canPay && (
+                      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                        <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("pay.tender")}</span>
+                        {(["cash", "card"] as const).map((tn) => (
+                          <button
+                            key={tn}
+                            type="button"
+                            onClick={() => setTender(tn)}
+                            className={`rounded-term border px-3 py-1 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider ${
+                              tender === tn
+                                ? "border-term-amber text-term-amber"
+                                : "border-term-border text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+                            }`}
+                          >
+                            {t(`pay.${tn}`)}
+                          </button>
+                        ))}
+                      </div>
+                    )}
+
+                    {/* Voucher checkbox (default from site config) */}
+                    <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12px]">
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        checked={voucher}
+                        onChange={(e) => setPrintVoucherChecked(e.target.checked)}
+                      />
+                      {t("pay.printExitVoucher")}
+                      <span className="text-term-muted">{t("pay.selfExitHint")}</span>
+                    </label>
+                  </>
+                )}
+
+                {error && <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-3 py-2 text-term-red">{error}</div>}
+                {result && (
+                  <div className="rounded-term border border-term-green px-3 py-2 text-term-green">{result}</div>
+                )}
+
+                {/* Actions */}
+                <div className="flex justify-end gap-2 pt-1">
+                  {phase === "done" ? (
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={onClose}
+                      className="rounded-term border border-term-amber px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber"
+                    >
+                      {t("common.close")}
+                    </button>
+                  ) : (
+                    <>
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        onClick={onClose}
+                        className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-3 py-1.5 text-[12px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+                      >
+                        {t("common.cancel")}
+                      </button>
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        onClick={handlePayAndExit}
+                        disabled={!shiftReady || phase === "paying" || phase === "finishing"}
+                        className="rounded-term border border-term-green bg-term-green/10 px-4 py-1.5 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-green disabled:opacity-50"
+                      >
+                        {phase === "paying"
+                          ? t("pay.takingPayment")
+                          : phase === "finishing"
+                            ? voucher
+                              ? t("pay.printingVoucher")
+                              : t("pay.opening")
+                            : alreadyPaid
+                              ? voucher
+                                ? t("pay.printVoucher")
+                                : t("pay.openBarrier")
+                              : voucher
+                                ? t("pay.payAndVoucher")
+                                : t("pay.payAndOpen")}
+                      </button>
+                    </>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </Dialog.Content>
+      </Dialog.Portal>
+    </Dialog.Root>
+  );
+}
+
+function Row({ label, value, valueClass = "" }: { label: string; value: string; valueClass?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-baseline justify-between">
+      <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{label}</span>
+      <span className={`text-sm ${valueClass}`}>{value}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/BoothScreen.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import { useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchEvents, fetchOccupancy, type LedgerEvent, type Occupancy } from "./api.js";
+import { qk } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "./lib/live-store.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { Panel } from "./ui/Panel.js";
+import { StatusDot } from "./ui/StatusDot.js";
+import { BoothPayModal } from "./BoothPayModal.js";
+import { ActiveSessions } from "./ActiveSessions.js";
+
+// The live operator booth view — the real-time heart of the console. Occupancy
+// gauge + a streaming entry/exit/payment ticker. Query owns the initial load and
+// the authoritative numbers; the WS-fed live store overlays real-time updates so
+// the screen reacts the instant a car enters or exits. Dense, dark, glanceable.
+
+/** Per-event-type display: i18n label key + accent colour for the ticker. */
+const EVENT_STYLE: Record<string, { labelKey: string; color: string }> = {
+  vehicle_entry: { labelKey: "booth.evtEntry", color: "text-term-green" },
+  vehicle_exit: { labelKey: "booth.evtExit", color: "text-term-red" },
+  payment: { labelKey: "booth.evtPay", color: "text-term-cyan" },
+  void: { labelKey: "booth.evtVoid", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  barrier_open_command: { labelKey: "booth.evtOpenCmd", color: "text-term-muted" },
+  barrier_open_observed: { labelKey: "booth.evtOpenObserved", color: "text-term-muted" },
+  shift_open: { labelKey: "booth.evtShiftOpen", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  shift_z_report: { labelKey: "booth.evtShiftZ", color: "text-term-amber" },
+  cash_movement: { labelKey: "booth.evtCashMovement", color: "text-term-cyan" },
+  anomaly: { labelKey: "booth.evtAnomaly", color: "text-term-red" },
+};
+
+function hhmmss(iso: string): string {
+  // Local time-of-day, terminal style. Defensive against a bad timestamp.
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  return Number.isNaN(d.getTime()) ? "--:--:--" : d.toTimeString().slice(0, 8);
+}
+
+function OccupancyGauge({ occ }: { occ: Occupancy }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const pct = occ.capacity ? Math.min(100, Math.round((occ.count / occ.capacity) * 100)) : null;
+  const barColor = occ.full ? "bg-term-red" : pct != null && pct >= 85 ? "bg-term-amber" : "bg-term-green";
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+      <div className="flex items-end gap-4">
+        <div className="text-6xl font-bold leading-none tabular-nums text-term-text">{occ.count}</div>
+        <div className="pb-1 text-term-muted">
+          <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider">{t("booth.inside")}</div>
+          <div className="text-sm tabular-nums">
+            {occ.capacity == null ? t("booth.uncapped") : `${t("booth.of")} ${occ.capacity}`}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="ml-auto text-right">
+          <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">{t("booth.free")}</div>
+          <div className={`text-3xl font-bold tabular-nums ${occ.full ? "text-term-red" : "text-term-green"}`}>
+            {occ.free == null ? "∞" : occ.free}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      {pct != null && (
+        <div className="h-2 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-term bg-term-panel-2">
+          <div className={`h-full ${barColor} transition-[width] duration-300`} style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {occ.full && (
+        <div className="rounded-term border border-term-red px-2 py-1 text-center text-[11px] font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-red">
+          {t("booth.lotFull")}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function EventRow({ e }: { e: LedgerEvent }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const style = EVENT_STYLE[e.type];
+  const label = style ? t(style.labelKey) : e.type.toUpperCase();
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-3 border-b border-term-border/50 py-1 text-[12px] tabular-nums">
+      <span className="text-term-muted">{hhmmss(e.occurredAt)}</span>
+      <span className={`w-20 shrink-0 font-semibold ${style?.color ?? "text-term-text"}`}>{label}</span>
+      <span className="truncate text-term-text">{e.identity ?? "—"}</span>
+      <span className="ml-auto text-term-muted">#{e.index}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** Ticket entry: an HID barcode scanner types the id and presses Enter; a manual
+ *  operator types it. Either way, submit opens the pay/exit modal for that id. The
+ *  input auto-focuses and re-focuses after a scan so the scanner always lands here. */
+function TicketInput({ onSubmit }: { onSubmit: (identity: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [value, setValue] = useState("");
+  const ref = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  return (
+    <form
+      className="flex items-center gap-2"
+      onSubmit={(e) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const id = value.trim();
+        if (id) {
+          onSubmit(id);
+          setValue("");
+          ref.current?.focus();
+        }
+      }}
+    >
+      <input
+        ref={ref}
+        autoFocus
+        value={value}
+        onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
+        placeholder={t("booth.scanPlaceholder")}
+        inputMode="numeric"
+        className="flex-1 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-bg px-3 py-2 text-lg tabular-nums text-term-text placeholder:text-term-muted focus:border-term-amber"
+      />
+      <button
+        type="submit"
+        className="rounded-term border border-term-amber bg-term-amber/10 px-4 py-2 text-[12px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber"
+      >
+        {t("booth.open")}
+      </button>
+    </form>
+  );
+}
+
+export function BoothScreen() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  // The site-wide shift drives the log scope: the feed shows ONLY the open shift's
+  // window (per-shift logs, not all history). When no shift is open, the feed is
+  // empty and the operator is prompted to open one.
+  const { isOpen: shiftOpen, startedAt: shiftStart } = useShift();
+
+  // Initial load via Query (also the fallback if the WS is briefly down). The events
+  // query is scoped to the current shift's start so it never shows prior shifts.
+  const occQuery = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.occupancy, queryFn: fetchOccupancy });
+  const eventsQuery = useQuery({
+    queryKey: [...qk.events, shiftStart ?? "none"],
+    queryFn: () => fetchEvents(100, shiftStart ?? undefined),
+    enabled: shiftOpen,
+  });
+
+  // The ticket currently open in the pay/exit modal (null = no modal).
+  const [activeTicket, setActiveTicket] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  // Live overlays from the WS store.
+  const liveOcc = useLiveStore((s) => s.occupancy);
+  const liveFeed = useLiveStore((s) => s.feed);
+
+  // Prefer the live-pushed occupancy; fall back to the query.
+  const occ = liveOcc ?? occQuery.data ?? null;
+
+  // Merge: live events first (newest), then the queried history, de-duped by id —
+  // then clip to the current shift window (the live store spans shifts; the feed
+  // must not show events from before this shift's start). No shift → no feed.
+  const seen = new Set(liveFeed.map((e) => e.id));
+  const history = (eventsQuery.data?.events ?? []).filter((e) => !seen.has(e.id));
+  const merged = [...liveFeed, ...history].slice(0, 200);
+  const events =
+    shiftOpen && shiftStart
+      ? merged.filter((e) => e.occurredAt >= shiftStart)
+      : [];
+
+  return (
+    <div className="grid h-full grid-cols-1 gap-3 lg:grid-cols-[minmax(320px,1fr)_2fr] lg:grid-rows-[auto_1fr]">
+      {/* Ticket input spans both columns at the top — the operator's primary action. */}
+      <div className="lg:col-span-2">
+        <Panel title={t("booth.processTicket")}>
+          <TicketInput onSubmit={setActiveTicket} />
+        </Panel>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Left column: occupancy gauge above the active-sessions list. */}
+      <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-col gap-3">
+        <Panel title={t("booth.occupancy")} right={<StatusDot />}>
+          {occ ? (
+            <OccupancyGauge occ={occ} />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="text-term-muted">{occQuery.isError ? t("booth.occUnavailable") : t("common.loading")}</div>
+          )}
+        </Panel>
+        <div className="min-h-0 flex-1">
+          <ActiveSessions onPick={setActiveTicket} />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <Panel
+        title={t("booth.liveFeed")}
+        right={
+          <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+            {events.length} {t("booth.events")}
+          </span>
+        }
+        className="min-h-0"
+      >
+        <div className="h-full overflow-y-auto pr-1">
+          {!shiftOpen ? (
+            <div className="text-term-amber">{t("shift.gateTitle")}</div>
+          ) : events.length === 0 ? (
+            <div className="text-term-muted">{eventsQuery.isLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("booth.noEventsYet")}</div>
+          ) : (
+            events.map((e) => <EventRow key={e.id} e={e} />)
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </Panel>
+
+      {activeTicket && <BoothPayModal identity={activeTicket} onClose={() => setActiveTicket(null)} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/Login.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { login, type SessionUser } from "./api.js";
 
 export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [username, setUsername] = useState("");
   const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -22,11 +24,11 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
 
   return (
     <main style={{ fontFamily: "system-ui", maxWidth: 320, margin: "4rem auto" }}>
-      <h1>Parking System</h1>
+      <h1>{t("auth.title")}</h1>
       <form onSubmit={submit}>
         <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0" }}>
           <label>
-            Username
+            {t("auth.username")}
             <br />
             <input
               value={username}
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
         </div>
         <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0" }}>
           <label>
-            Password
+            {t("auth.password")}
             <br />
             <input
               type="password"
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ export function Login({ onLoggedIn }: { onLoggedIn: (u: SessionUser) => void })
         </div>
         {error && <p style={{ color: "crimson" }}>{error}</p>}
         <button type="submit" disabled={busy || !username || !password}>
-          {busy ? "Signing in…" : "Sign in"}
+          {busy ? t("auth.signingIn") : t("auth.signIn")}
         </button>
       </form>
     </main>

apps/web/src/PermitManager.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  createPermit,
+  deletePermit,
+  fetchPermits,
+  revokePermit,
+  updatePermit,
+  type Permit,
+  type PermitCredential,
+  type PermitInput,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// Permit (subscription) admin. Create/edit/revoke/delete permits + their
+// credentials (card/QR) and bound plates. A permit is mutable master data; every
+// USE of it is a signed ledger event elsewhere. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+
+interface FormState {
+  holderName: string;
+  contact: string;
+  carBound: boolean; // false = unbound (maxConcurrent null)
+  maxConcurrent: string;
+  validFrom: string;
+  validTo: string;
+  credentials: PermitCredential[];
+  platesText: string; // comma/space separated
+}
+
+function emptyForm(): FormState {
+  return { holderName: "", contact: "", carBound: true, maxConcurrent: "1", validFrom: "", validTo: "", credentials: [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }], platesText: "" };
+}
+function formFrom(p: Permit): FormState {
+  return {
+    holderName: p.holderName ?? "",
+    contact: p.contact ?? "",
+    carBound: p.maxConcurrent != null,
+    maxConcurrent: p.maxConcurrent != null ? String(p.maxConcurrent) : "1",
+    validFrom: p.validFrom ?? "",
+    validTo: p.validTo ?? "",
+    credentials: p.credentials.length ? p.credentials : [{ kind: "rf", value: "" }],
+    platesText: p.plates.join(", "),
+  };
+}
+const STATUS_KEY: Record<Permit["status"], string> = {
+  active: "permits.statusActive",
+  suspended: "permits.statusSuspended",
+  revoked: "permits.statusRevoked",
+};
+
+function toInput(f: FormState): PermitInput {
+  return {
+    holderName: f.holderName.trim() || null,
+    contact: f.contact.trim() || null,
+    maxConcurrent: f.carBound ? Math.max(1, Math.round(Number(f.maxConcurrent) || 1)) : null,
+    validFrom: f.validFrom.trim() || null,
+    validTo: f.validTo.trim() || null,
+    credentials: f.credentials.filter((c) => c.value.trim()).map((c) => ({ kind: c.kind, value: c.value.trim() })),
+    plates: f.platesText.split(/[,\s]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean),
+  };
+}
+
+export function PermitManager() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [permits, setPermits] = useState<Permit[] | null>(null);
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<string | "new" | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(emptyForm);
+  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
+
+  function reload() {
+    fetchPermits()
+      .then((r) => setPermits(r.permits))
+      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+  }
+  useEffect(reload, []);
+
+  function startNew() {
+    setForm(emptyForm());
+    setEditing("new");
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+  function startEdit(p: Permit) {
+    setForm(formFrom(p));
+    setEditing(p.id);
+    setMsg(null);
+  }
+
+  async function save() {
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      if (editing === "new") await createPermit(toInput(form));
+      else if (editing) await updatePermit(editing, toInput(form));
+      setEditing(null);
+      reload();
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("permits.permitSaved") });
+    } catch (e) {
+      const problems = e instanceof ApiError ? (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems : undefined;
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text: problems?.length ? `${(e as Error).message}: ${problems.join("; ")}` : (e as Error).message });
+    }
+  }
+  async function doRevoke(p: Permit) {
+    if (!confirm(t("permits.confirmRevoke", { name: p.holderName ?? p.id }))) return;
+    await revokePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+  async function doDelete(p: Permit) {
+    if (!confirm(t("permits.confirmDelete", { name: p.holderName ?? p.id }))) return;
+    await deletePermit(p.id).catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+    reload();
+  }
+
+  function setCred(i: number, patch: Partial<PermitCredential>) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.map((c, j) => (j === i ? { ...c, ...patch } : c)) }));
+  }
+
+  if (!permits) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
+      <h2>{t("permits.title")}</h2>
+      <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
+        {permits.map((p) => (
+          <li key={p.id} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", padding: "0.4rem 0", borderBottom: "1px solid #eee" }}>
+            <strong>{p.holderName ?? t("permits.unnamed")}</strong>
+            <span style={{ color: p.status === "active" ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309" }}>{t(STATUS_KEY[p.status])}</span>
+            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>
+              {p.maxConcurrent == null ? t("permits.unbound") : t("permits.car", { count: p.maxConcurrent })} ·{" "}
+              {p.credentials.length} {t("permits.cred")} · {t("permits.plates", { count: p.plates.length })}
+            </span>
+            <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => startEdit(p)}>{t("permits.edit")}</button>
+            {p.status !== "revoked" && <button type="button" onClick={() => doRevoke(p)}>{t("permits.revoke")}</button>}
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => doDelete(p)}>{t("permits.delete")}</button>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+        {permits.length === 0 && <li style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("permits.noPermitsYet")}</li>}
+      </ul>
+
+      {editing == null ? (
+        <button type="button" onClick={startNew}>{t("permits.addPermit")}</button>
+      ) : (
+        <div style={{ border: "1px solid #ddd", padding: "1rem", marginTop: "0.5rem", maxWidth: 460 }}>
+          <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{editing === "new" ? t("permits.newPermit") : t("permits.editPermit")}</h3>
+          <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
+            <label>{t("permits.holderName")}</label>
+            <input value={form.holderName} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, holderName: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("permits.contact")}</label>
+            <input value={form.contact} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, contact: e.target.value }))} />
+            <label>{t("permits.carLimit")}</label>
+            <span>
+              <label style={{ marginRight: "0.5rem" }}>
+                <input type="checkbox" checked={form.carBound} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, carBound: e.target.checked }))} /> {t("permits.limitCarsInAtOnce")}
+              </label>
+              {form.carBound && (
+                <input value={form.maxConcurrent} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, maxConcurrent: e.target.value }))} style={{ width: 50 }} />
+              )}
+            </span>
+            <label>{t("permits.validFrom")}</label>
+            <input value={form.validFrom} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validFrom: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.isoDateOptional")} />
+            <label>{t("permits.validTo")}</label>
+            <input value={form.validTo} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, validTo: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.isoDateOptional")} />
+            <label>{t("permits.boundPlates")}</label>
+            <input value={form.platesText} onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, platesText: e.target.value }))} placeholder={t("permits.commaSeparatedOptional")} />
+          </div>
+
+          <h4 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("permits.credentialsCardQr")}</h4>
+          {form.credentials.map((c, i) => (
+            <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", marginBottom: "0.3rem" }}>
+              <select value={c.kind} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { kind: e.target.value as "rf" | "qr" })}>
+                <option value="rf">{t("permits.rfCardTag")}</option>
+                <option value="qr">{t("permits.qr")}</option>
+              </select>
+              <input value={c.value} onChange={(e) => setCred(i, { value: e.target.value })} placeholder={t("permits.credentialValue")} style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: f.credentials.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }))}>×</button>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <button type="button" onClick={() => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, credentials: [...f.credentials, { kind: "rf", value: "" }] }))}>{t("permits.addCredential")}</button>
+          <p style={{ color: "#777", fontSize: "0.85em", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
+            {t("permits.needCredentialOrPlate")}
+          </p>
+
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
+            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("permits.save")}</button>
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>{t("permits.cancel")}</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {msg && <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson" }}>{msg.text}</p>}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/SetupWizard.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from "react";
 import {
   assignDevice,
+  editDevice,
   discoverDevices,
   fetchBackendIps,
   fetchCatalog,
@@ -12,28 +13,41 @@ import {
   type Catalog,
   type CatalogEntry,
   type DeviceCategory,
+  type DeviceConfig,
+  type Direction,
   type DiscoveredDevice,
+  type RelaySpec,
   type TestResult,
 } from "./api.js";
 
-// First-run setup wizard (scaffold). The admin assigns devices per lane from the
-// driver catalog. The data model is multi-instance — one lane_devices row per
-// instance — so EVERY category supports more than one device: each section lists
-// the already-assigned instances (with Remove) and an "Add" form. Drivers that
-// support LAN discovery get a "Scan" button. Auth is via the admin's session
-// cookie. See wiki/concepts/first-run-setup.md and device-discovery.md.
+// First-run setup wizard. The pool-of-spaces model: a parking lot is one pool with
+// a flexible set of entry/exit points — NO lane. The admin adds CONTROLLERS (each
+// declares its relays = entry/exit/both + which input terminal the entry button is
+// on), then binds READERS / CAMERAS to a controller relay (the barrier they sit at).
+// Direction is a property of the relay, inherited by bound devices. The data model
+// is multi-instance — one `devices` row per instance. See entry-exit-points.md.
 
-const CATEGORIES: { key: DeviceCategory; title: string; noun: string }[] = [
-  { key: "access", title: "Access controllers", noun: "access controller" },
-  { key: "reader", title: "Readers", noun: "reader" },
-  { key: "camera", title: "Cameras (entry/exit snapshot)", noun: "camera" },
-  { key: "printer", title: "Printers", noun: "printer" },
+const CONTROLLER: { key: DeviceCategory; title: string; noun: string } = {
+  key: "access",
+  title: "Controllers (barriers + entry button)",
+  noun: "controller",
+};
+// Categories that BIND to a controller relay (direction inherited from the relay).
+const BOUND: { key: DeviceCategory; title: string; noun: string }[] = [
+  { key: "reader", title: "Readers (QR / RFID)", noun: "reader" },
+  { key: "camera", title: "Cameras (snapshot + plate)", noun: "camera" },
+  { key: "printer", title: "Printers (tickets / vouchers)", noun: "printer" },
 ];
 
+const DIRECTION_LABELS: Record<Direction, string> = {
+  entry: "Entry",
+  exit: "Exit",
+  both: "Both (entry + exit)",
+};
+
 export function SetupWizard() {
   const [catalog, setCatalog] = useState<Catalog | null>(null);
   const [assignments, setAssignments] = useState<Assignment[] | null>(null);
-  const [lane, setLane] = useState(1);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
   const reloadState = useCallback(() => {
@@ -50,35 +64,41 @@ export function SetupWizard() {
   if (error) return <p style={{ color: "crimson" }}>Failed to load setup: {error}</p>;
   if (!catalog || !assignments) return <p>Loading device catalog…</p>;
 
+  // Controllers are needed before binding readers/cameras (they pick a controller relay).
+  const controllers = assignments.filter((a) => a.category === "access");
+
   return (
     <section>
       <h2>First-run setup</h2>
-      <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "1rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
-        <label>
-          Lane{" "}
-          <input
-            type="number"
-            min={1}
-            value={lane}
-            onChange={(e) => setLane(Number(e.target.value))}
-            style={{ width: "4rem" }}
-          />
-        </label>
-        <span style={{ color: "#666", fontSize: "0.85em" }}>
-          Devices are added per lane. Switch lanes to configure another.
-        </span>
-      </div>
+      <p style={{ color: "#666", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
+        Add your barrier controllers first — set which relay is entry/exit and which
+        terminal the entry button is wired to. Then add readers, cameras and printers
+        and point each at the barrier it serves.
+      </p>
 
-      {CATEGORIES.map(({ key, title, noun }) => (
+      <CategorySection
+        category={CONTROLLER.key}
+        title={CONTROLLER.title}
+        noun={CONTROLLER.noun}
+        entries={catalog[CONTROLLER.key]}
+        discoverableIds={catalog.discoverable}
+        pushCapableIds={catalog.pushCapable}
+        controllers={controllers}
+        assignments={controllers}
+        onChanged={reloadState}
+      />
+
+      {BOUND.map(({ key, title, noun }) => (
         <CategorySection
           key={key}
-          lane={lane}
           category={key}
           title={title}
           noun={noun}
           entries={catalog[key]}
           discoverableIds={catalog.discoverable}
-          assignments={assignments.filter((a) => a.category === key && a.lane === lane)}
+          pushCapableIds={catalog.pushCapable}
+          controllers={controllers}
+          assignments={assignments.filter((a) => a.category === key)}
           onChanged={reloadState}
         />
       ))}
@@ -87,37 +107,41 @@ export function SetupWizard() {
 }
 
 function CategorySection({
-  lane,
   category,
   title,
   noun,
   entries,
   discoverableIds,
+  pushCapableIds,
+  controllers,
   assignments,
   onChanged,
 }: {
-  lane: number;
   category: DeviceCategory;
   title: string;
   noun: string;
   entries: CatalogEntry[];
   discoverableIds: string[];
+  pushCapableIds: string[];
+  controllers: Assignment[];
   assignments: Assignment[];
   onChanged: () => Promise<void> | void;
 }) {
-  // Show the add-form automatically when nothing is assigned yet; otherwise it's
-  // collapsed behind "Add another" so the list stays the focus.
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
-  // Warnings from the most recent save (e.g. "string protocol could not be
-  // disabled — finish in the device web UI"). Persist after the form closes.
+  const [editingId, setEditingId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [warnings, setWarnings] = useState<string[]>([]);
-  const showForm = adding || assignments.length === 0;
+  const editing = editingId ? assignments.find((a) => a.id === editingId) : undefined;
+  // Show the add form for an empty category or an explicit "+ Add", but not while
+  // editing an existing row (that row renders its own inline form).
+  const showForm = !editing && (adding || assignments.length === 0);
+
+  // Binding categories need a controller to point at first.
+  const isBound = category !== "access";
+  const blockedNoController = isBound && controllers.length === 0;
 
   return (
     <fieldset style={{ marginTop: "1rem" }}>
-      <legend>
-        {title} <span style={{ color: "#888", fontWeight: 400 }}>· lane {lane}</span>
-      </legend>
+      <legend>{title}</legend>
 
       {warnings.length > 0 && (
         <div
@@ -143,18 +167,49 @@ function CategorySection({
 
       {assignments.length > 0 && (
         <ul style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0, margin: "0 0 0.75rem" }}>
-          {assignments.map((a) => (
-            <AssignmentRow key={a.id} assignment={a} onChanged={onChanged} />
-          ))}
-        </ul>
-      )}
-
-      {showForm ? (
+          {assignments.map((a) =>
+            editingId === a.id ? (
+              <li key={a.id} style={{ listStyle: "none", padding: 0 }}>
                 <DeviceForm
-          lane={lane}
                   category={category}
                   entries={entries}
                   discoverableIds={discoverableIds}
+                  pushCapableIds={pushCapableIds}
+                  controllers={controllers}
+                  editing={a}
+                  onSaved={async (w) => {
+                    setWarnings(w);
+                    await onChanged();
+                    setEditingId(null);
+                  }}
+                  onCancel={() => setEditingId(null)}
+                />
+              </li>
+            ) : (
+              <AssignmentRow
+                key={a.id}
+                assignment={a}
+                controllers={controllers}
+                onChanged={onChanged}
+                onEdit={() => {
+                  setAdding(false);
+                  setEditingId(a.id);
+                }}
+              />
+            ),
+          )}
+        </ul>
+      )}
+
+      {blockedNoController ? (
+        <p style={{ color: "#b45309", margin: 0 }}>Add a controller first — a {noun} points at one of its relays.</p>
+      ) : editing ? null : showForm ? (
+        <DeviceForm
+          category={category}
+          entries={entries}
+          discoverableIds={discoverableIds}
+          pushCapableIds={pushCapableIds}
+          controllers={controllers}
           onSaved={async (w) => {
             setWarnings(w);
             await onChanged();
@@ -173,17 +228,19 @@ function CategorySection({
 
 function AssignmentRow({
   assignment,
+  controllers,
   onChanged,
+  onEdit,
 }: {
   assignment: Assignment;
+  controllers: Assignment[];
   onChanged: () => Promise<void> | void;
+  onEdit: () => void;
 }) {
   const [removing, setRemoving] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
-  // A short, human summary of the instance: role (if any) + host.
-  const cfg = assignment.config;
-  const role = typeof cfg.role === "string" ? cfg.role : null;
+  const cfg = assignment.config as Record<string, unknown>;
   const host = typeof cfg.host === "string" ? cfg.host : null;
 
   async function remove() {
@@ -210,11 +267,14 @@ function AssignmentRow({
       }}
     >
       <strong>{assignment.driverId}</strong>
-      {role && <span style={{ color: "#0369a1" }}>{role}</span>}
       {host && <span style={{ color: "#666" }}>{host}</span>}
+      <DeviceSummary assignment={assignment} controllers={controllers} />
       {!assignment.enabled && <span style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>(disabled)</span>}
       <span style={{ flex: 1 }} />
       {error && <span style={{ color: "crimson" }}>{error}</span>}
+      <button type="button" onClick={onEdit} disabled={removing}>
+        Edit
+      </button>
       <button type="button" onClick={remove} disabled={removing}>
         {removing ? "Removing…" : "Remove"}
       </button>
@@ -222,27 +282,88 @@ function AssignmentRow({
   );
 }
 
+/** Inline summary of an assignment's direction/binding for the list. */
+function DeviceSummary({ assignment, controllers }: { assignment: Assignment; controllers: Assignment[] }) {
+  const cfg = assignment.config as Record<string, unknown>;
+  if (assignment.category === "access") {
+    const relays = Array.isArray(cfg.relays) ? (cfg.relays as RelaySpec[]) : [];
+    if (relays.length === 0) return <em style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>no relays set</em>;
+    return (
+      <span style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.35rem" }}>
+        {relays.map((r) => (
+          <DirectionBadge key={r.relay} direction={r.direction} label={`R${r.relay}${r.button ? `·btn${r.button}` : ""}`} />
+        ))}
+      </span>
+    );
+  }
+  // Bound device: show controller + relay it points at, with inherited direction.
+  const controllerId = typeof cfg.controllerId === "string" ? cfg.controllerId : null;
+  const relay = typeof cfg.relay === "number" ? cfg.relay : null;
+  if (!controllerId || relay == null) return <em style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>unbound</em>;
+  const controller = controllers.find((c) => c.id === controllerId);
+  const spec = controller
+    ? (((controller.config as Record<string, unknown>).relays as RelaySpec[]) ?? []).find((r) => r.relay === relay)
+    : undefined;
+  return (
+    <DirectionBadge
+      direction={spec?.direction ?? "both"}
+      label={`${controller ? controller.driverId : "?"} · R${relay}`}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
 function DeviceForm({
-  lane,
   category,
   entries,
   discoverableIds,
+  pushCapableIds,
+  controllers,
+  editing,
   onSaved,
   onCancel,
 }: {
-  lane: number;
   category: DeviceCategory;
   entries: CatalogEntry[];
   discoverableIds: string[];
+  pushCapableIds: string[];
+  controllers: Assignment[];
+  /** When set, the form edits this assignment in place (driver locked, config
+   *  pre-filled) instead of adding a new device. */
+  editing?: Assignment;
   onSaved: (warnings: string[]) => Promise<void> | void;
   onCancel?: () => void;
 }) {
-  const [selectedId, setSelectedId] = useState<string>("");
+  // On edit the driver is fixed (you can't change what KIND of device a slot is —
+  // that's a remove + re-add); pre-select it and lock the picker.
+  const editCfg = editing?.config as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  const [selectedId, setSelectedId] = useState<string>(editing?.driverId ?? "");
   const selected = entries.find((e) => e.id === selectedId);
-  const canDiscover = selected != null && discoverableIds.includes(selected.id);
+  const canDiscover = !editing && selected != null && discoverableIds.includes(selected.id);
+  const pushesToBackend = selected != null && pushCapableIds.includes(selected.id);
+  const isController = category === "access";
+
+  // Pre-fill scalar config fields from the existing assignment when editing.
+  // (relays/controllerId/relay are model fields handled by their own state below.)
+  const [config, setConfig] = useState<Record<string, string | number>>(() => {
+    if (!editCfg) return {};
+    const out: Record<string, string | number> = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(editCfg)) {
+      if (typeof v === "string" || typeof v === "number") out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
+  });
+  // Controllers: the relay map (which relay = entry/exit/both, + entry button terminal).
+  const [relays, setRelays] = useState<RelaySpec[]>(() =>
+    Array.isArray(editCfg?.relays) ? (editCfg!.relays as RelaySpec[]) : [{ relay: 1, direction: "both" }],
+  );
+  // Bound devices: which controller + relay this device sits at.
+  const [controllerId, setControllerId] = useState<string>(
+    typeof editCfg?.controllerId === "string" ? editCfg.controllerId : "",
+  );
+  const [boundRelay, setBoundRelay] = useState<number | "">(
+    typeof editCfg?.relay === "number" ? editCfg.relay : "",
+  );
 
-  // Config values (auto-filled by discovery, editable by hand).
-  const [config, setConfig] = useState<Record<string, string | number>>({});
   const [tested, setTested] = useState<TestResult | null>(null);
   const [testing, setTesting] = useState(false);
   const [testError, setTestError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -252,18 +373,12 @@ function DeviceForm({
   const [scanning, setScanning] = useState(false);
   const [scanError, setScanError] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
-  // Backend push IP: which of OUR addresses the device should call back on. We
-  // auto-pick the NIC on the device's subnet, but surface it editable here so a
-  // multi-NIC host can be corrected (the chosen IP is baked into the device on
-  // save). Only relevant for drivers that push (the field hides if no candidates).
   const [backendIps, setBackendIps] = useState<BackendIpCandidate[] | null>(null);
   const [backendIp, setBackendIp] = useState<string>("");
 
-  // (Re)load backend-IP candidates whenever the device host changes after a
-  // successful test (the test confirms the host is real + reachable).
-  const testedHost = tested ? String(mergedConfig().host ?? "") : "";
+  const testedHost = tested ? String(mergedScalarConfig().host ?? "") : "";
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!testedHost) {
+    if (!testedHost || !pushesToBackend) {
       setBackendIps(null);
       return;
     }
@@ -281,7 +396,7 @@ function DeviceForm({
       live = false;
     };
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-  }, [testedHost]);
+  }, [testedHost, pushesToBackend]);
 
   function selectDriver(id: string) {
     setSelectedId(id);
@@ -308,8 +423,8 @@ function DeviceForm({
     resetStatus();
   }
 
-  // Config the user actually entered, merged over driver defaults.
-  function mergedConfig(): Record<string, string | number> {
+  /** Scalar config the user entered, merged over driver defaults (for test/push-IP). */
+  function mergedScalarConfig(): Record<string, string | number> {
     const out: Record<string, string | number> = {};
     for (const f of selected?.configFields ?? []) {
       const v = config[f.key] ?? (f.default as string | number | undefined);
@@ -318,7 +433,22 @@ function DeviceForm({
     return out;
   }
 
-  // Editing config invalidates a prior test.
+  /** Full config to persist: scalars + the model's direction/binding fields. */
+  function mergedConfig(): DeviceConfig {
+    const out: DeviceConfig = { ...mergedScalarConfig() };
+    if (isController) {
+      out.relays = relays.map((r) => ({
+        relay: r.relay,
+        direction: r.direction,
+        ...(r.button ? { button: r.button } : {}),
+      }));
+    } else if (controllerId && boundRelay !== "") {
+      out.controllerId = controllerId;
+      out.relay = boundRelay;
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
   function resetStatus() {
     setTested(null);
     setTestError(null);
@@ -331,7 +461,7 @@ function DeviceForm({
     setTestError(null);
     setTested(null);
     try {
-      setTested(await testDevice(selected.id, mergedConfig()));
+      setTested(await testDevice(selected.id, mergedScalarConfig()));
     } catch (e) {
       setTestError((e as Error).message);
     } finally {
@@ -341,17 +471,26 @@ function DeviceForm({
 
   async function save() {
     if (!selected) return;
+    // Bound devices must point at a controller relay (binding is optional in the
+    // model with a fallback, but the wizard guides the admin to bind explicitly).
+    if (!isController && (!controllerId || boundRelay === "")) {
+      setSaveError("Pick the controller and relay this device sits at.");
+      return;
+    }
     setSaving(true);
     setSaveError(null);
     try {
-      const result = await assignDevice({
-        lane,
+      const result = editing
+        ? await editDevice(editing.id, {
+            config: mergedConfig(),
+            ...(backendIp ? { backendIp } : {}),
+          })
+        : await assignDevice({
             category,
             driverId: selected.id,
             config: mergedConfig(),
             ...(backendIp ? { backendIp } : {}),
           });
-      // Hand warnings to the parent so they persist after this form unmounts.
       await onSaved(result.warnings ?? []);
     } catch (e) {
       setSaveError((e as Error).message);
@@ -365,7 +504,9 @@ function DeviceForm({
       {entries.length === 0 ? (
         <em>No drivers registered.</em>
       ) : (
-        <select value={selectedId} onChange={(e) => selectDriver(e.target.value)}>
+        // Driver is locked when editing — changing the kind of device is a
+        // remove + re-add, not an in-place edit.
+        <select value={selectedId} onChange={(e) => selectDriver(e.target.value)} disabled={!!editing}>
           <option value="" disabled>
             Choose a device…
           </option>
@@ -441,13 +582,30 @@ function DeviceForm({
             </div>
           ))}
 
+          {/* CONTROLLER: the relay map — which relay opens which direction + entry button. */}
+          {isController && <RelayEditor relays={relays} onChange={setRelays} />}
+
+          {/* BOUND device: which controller + relay it sits at. */}
+          {!isController && (
+            <BindingPicker
+              controllers={controllers}
+              controllerId={controllerId}
+              relay={boundRelay}
+              onControllerChange={(id) => {
+                setControllerId(id);
+                setBoundRelay("");
+              }}
+              onRelayChange={setBoundRelay}
+            />
+          )}
+
           {/* Test (no save/no device change) then Save (configures + persists). */}
           <div style={{ marginTop: "0.75rem", display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center" }}>
             <button type="button" onClick={test} disabled={testing}>
               {testing ? "Testing…" : "Test connection"}
             </button>
             <button type="button" onClick={save} disabled={saving}>
-              {saving ? "Saving…" : "Save & configure"}
+              {saving ? "Saving…" : editing ? "Save changes" : "Save & configure"}
             </button>
             {onCancel && (
               <button type="button" onClick={onCancel} disabled={saving}>
@@ -476,8 +634,6 @@ function DeviceForm({
             </div>
           )}
 
-          {/* Backend push IP — only for push-capable devices (candidates present).
-              Pre-filled with the auto-pick; editable for multi-NIC hosts. */}
           {backendIps && backendIps.length > 0 && (
             <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>
               <label>
@@ -512,6 +668,161 @@ function DeviceForm({
   );
 }
 
+/** Controller relay map editor: each row = a relay + its direction + (optional)
+ *  the input terminal its entry button is wired to. */
+function RelayEditor({ relays, onChange }: { relays: RelaySpec[]; onChange: (r: RelaySpec[]) => void }) {
+  function update(i: number, patch: Partial<RelaySpec>) {
+    onChange(relays.map((r, idx) => (idx === i ? { ...r, ...patch } : r)));
+  }
+  function add() {
+    const nextRelay = (relays.reduce((m, r) => Math.max(m, r.relay), 0) || 0) + 1;
+    onChange([...relays, { relay: nextRelay, direction: "both" }]);
+  }
+  function remove(i: number) {
+    onChange(relays.filter((_, idx) => idx !== i));
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0", padding: "0.5rem", background: "#f3f4f6", borderRadius: 6 }}>
+      <strong style={{ fontSize: "0.9em" }}>Relays on this controller</strong>
+      <p style={{ margin: "0.15rem 0 0.5rem", color: "#666", fontSize: "0.8em" }}>
+        Each relay opens one barrier. Set its direction; for transient entry, set which input
+        terminal the entry button is wired to.
+      </p>
+      {relays.map((r, i) => (
+        <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", margin: "0.25rem 0" }}>
+          <label>
+            Relay{" "}
+            <input
+              type="number"
+              min={1}
+              value={r.relay}
+              style={{ width: "3.5rem" }}
+              onChange={(e) => update(i, { relay: Number(e.target.value) })}
+            />
+          </label>
+          <select value={r.direction} onChange={(e) => update(i, { direction: e.target.value as Direction })}>
+            {(["entry", "exit", "both"] as Direction[]).map((d) => (
+              <option key={d} value={d}>
+                {DIRECTION_LABELS[d]}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+          {(r.direction === "entry" || r.direction === "both") && (
+            <label>
+              Entry button on terminal{" "}
+              <input
+                type="number"
+                min={1}
+                value={r.button ?? ""}
+                placeholder="—"
+                style={{ width: "3.5rem" }}
+                onChange={(e) => update(i, { button: e.target.value === "" ? undefined : Number(e.target.value) })}
+              />
+            </label>
+          )}
+          {relays.length > 1 && (
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => remove(i)}>
+              ✕
+            </button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      ))}
+      <button type="button" onClick={add} style={{ marginTop: "0.25rem" }}>
+        + Add relay
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** Binding picker for readers/cameras/printers: choose the controller + relay this
+ *  device sits at. Direction is inherited from the chosen relay (shown). */
+function BindingPicker({
+  controllers,
+  controllerId,
+  relay,
+  onControllerChange,
+  onRelayChange,
+}: {
+  controllers: Assignment[];
+  controllerId: string;
+  relay: number | "";
+  onControllerChange: (id: string) => void;
+  onRelayChange: (relay: number) => void;
+}) {
+  const controller = controllers.find((c) => c.id === controllerId);
+  const relays: RelaySpec[] = controller
+    ? (((controller.config as Record<string, unknown>).relays as RelaySpec[]) ?? [])
+    : [];
+  const chosen = relays.find((r) => r.relay === relay);
+
+  return (
+    <div style={{ margin: "0.5rem 0", padding: "0.5rem", background: "#f3f4f6", borderRadius: 6 }}>
+      <strong style={{ fontSize: "0.9em" }}>Which barrier does this device serve?</strong>
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "center", marginTop: "0.35rem", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+        <label>
+          Controller{" "}
+          <select value={controllerId} onChange={(e) => onControllerChange(e.target.value)}>
+            <option value="" disabled>
+              Choose…
+            </option>
+            {controllers.map((c) => {
+              const host = (c.config as Record<string, unknown>).host;
+              return (
+                <option key={c.id} value={c.id}>
+                  {c.driverId}
+                  {typeof host === "string" ? ` (${host})` : ""}
+                </option>
+              );
+            })}
+          </select>
+        </label>
+        <label>
+          Relay{" "}
+          <select
+            value={relay === "" ? "" : String(relay)}
+            disabled={!controller}
+            onChange={(e) => onRelayChange(Number(e.target.value))}
+          >
+            <option value="" disabled>
+              Choose…
+            </option>
+            {relays.map((r) => (
+              <option key={r.relay} value={r.relay}>
+                Relay {r.relay} ({DIRECTION_LABELS[r.direction]})
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </label>
+        {chosen && <DirectionBadge direction={chosen.direction} label={`inherits ${chosen.direction}`} />}
+      </div>
+      {controller && relays.length === 0 && (
+        <p style={{ margin: "0.35rem 0 0", color: "#b45309", fontSize: "0.85em" }}>
+          This controller has no relays configured.
+        </p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function DirectionBadge({ direction, label }: { direction: Direction; label?: string }) {
+  const color = direction === "entry" ? "#15803d" : direction === "exit" ? "#b45309" : "#6b7280";
+  return (
+    <span
+      style={{
+        color,
+        border: `1px solid ${color}`,
+        borderRadius: 4,
+        padding: "0 0.35rem",
+        fontSize: "0.75em",
+        fontWeight: 600,
+      }}
+    >
+      {label ?? direction}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
+
 function HealthBadge({ status }: { status: string }) {
   const color = status === "ready" ? "#16a34a" : status === "degraded" ? "#d97706" : "#dc2626";
   return <span style={{ color, fontWeight: 600 }}>● {status}</span>;

apps/web/src/ShiftControl.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { closeShift, fetchShift, openShift, recordCashMovement, type ShiftReport } from "./api.js";
+
+// Manned-mode shift control. Start/End are explicit (not time-based — see
+// wiki/concepts/shift.md). End Shift signs + prints a Z-report and shows the
+// totals + the DRAWER picture (opening float carried from the prior shift, cash
+// taken/added/removed, expected drawer). Admins can load/remove drawer cash.
+// Available to cashier/operator/admin (readonly has no shift).
+
+const money = (m: number, cur: string | null) => `${(m / 100).toFixed(2)} ${cur ?? ""}`.trim();
+
+export function ShiftControl({ isAdmin = false }: { isAdmin?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [startedAt, setStartedAt] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [drawerMinor, setDrawerMinor] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const [currency, setCurrency] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<ShiftReport | null>(null);
+  const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  // Cash-movement form (admin only).
+  const [moveAmount, setMoveAmount] = useState("");
+  const [moveReason, setMoveReason] = useState("");
+  const [moveMsg, setMoveMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  function refresh() {
+    fetchShift()
+      .then((s) => {
+        setStartedAt(s.open?.startedAt ?? null);
+        setDrawerMinor(s.drawerMinor);
+        setCurrency(s.currency);
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        /* readonly / not permitted — hide control */
+      });
+  }
+  useEffect(refresh, []);
+
+  async function start() {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setErr(null);
+    setReport(null);
+    try {
+      const { startedAt } = await openShift();
+      setStartedAt(startedAt);
+      refresh();
+    } catch (e) {
+      setErr((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+  async function end() {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setErr(null);
+    try {
+      const z = await closeShift();
+      setReport(z);
+      setStartedAt(null);
+      refresh();
+    } catch (e) {
+      setErr((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function move(sign: 1 | -1) {
+    setMoveMsg(null);
+    const major = Number(moveAmount);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(major) || major <= 0) {
+      setMoveMsg(t("shift.enterPositive"));
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const r = await recordCashMovement(sign * Math.round(major * 100), moveReason.trim());
+      setMoveAmount("");
+      setMoveReason("");
+      setMoveMsg(t("shift.drawerNow", { amount: money(r.balanceMinor, currency) }));
+      refresh();
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMoveMsg((e as Error).message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "1.5rem", padding: "0.75rem 1rem", border: "1px solid #ddd", borderRadius: 6, maxWidth: 460 }}>
+      <strong>{t("shift.label")}</strong>{" "}
+      {startedAt ? (
+        <>
+          <span style={{ color: "#16a34a" }}>{t("shift.open")}</span> {t("shift.since")}{" "}
+          {new Date(startedAt).toLocaleString()}{" "}
+          <button type="button" onClick={end} disabled={busy}>
+            {busy ? t("shift.ending") : t("shift.endShift")}
+          </button>
+        </>
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <span style={{ color: "#777" }}>{t("shift.notStarted")}</span>{" "}
+          <button type="button" onClick={start} disabled={busy}>
+            {busy ? t("shift.starting") : t("shift.startShift")}
+          </button>
+        </>
+      )}
+      {/* Live drawer balance (what's in the till right now / inherited). */}
+      {drawerMinor != null && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.5rem", color: "#555" }}>
+          {t("shift.drawer")} <strong>{money(drawerMinor, currency)}</strong>
+          {startedAt && <span style={{ color: "#888" }}> {t("shift.openingFloatInherited")}</span>}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {err && <p style={{ color: "crimson", margin: "0.5rem 0 0" }}>{err}</p>}
+
+      {/* Admin: load / remove physical drawer cash (signed cash_movement). */}
+      {isAdmin && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.6rem", paddingTop: "0.5rem", borderTop: "1px solid #eee" }}>
+          <div style={{ color: "#666", fontSize: "0.85rem", marginBottom: "0.35rem" }}>
+            {t("shift.drawerCashAdmin")}
+          </div>
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: "0.4rem", alignItems: "center", flexWrap: "wrap" }}>
+            <input
+              value={moveAmount}
+              onChange={(e) => setMoveAmount(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t("shift.amount")}
+              inputMode="decimal"
+              style={{ width: 90 }}
+            />
+            <input
+              value={moveReason}
+              onChange={(e) => setMoveReason(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t("shift.reasonPlaceholder")}
+              style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 140 }}
+            />
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => move(1)}>{t("shift.load")}</button>
+            <button type="button" onClick={() => move(-1)}>{t("shift.remove")}</button>
+          </div>
+          {moveMsg && <div style={{ marginTop: "0.35rem", color: "#555", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>{moveMsg}</div>}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {report && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.75rem", fontFamily: "ui-monospace, monospace", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>
+          <div style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>{t("shift.zReport")} — {report.operator}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.payments")} {report.paymentCount}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cash")} {money(report.cashTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.card")} {money(report.cardTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div style={{ marginTop: "0.4rem", color: "#666" }}>{t("shift.drawerSection")}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.openingFloat")} {money(report.openingFloatMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashTaken")} {money(report.cashTotalMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashAdded")} {money(report.cashAddedMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div>{t("shift.cashRemoved")} {money(report.cashRemovedMinor, report.currency)}</div>
+          <div style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>
+            {t("shift.expectedDrawer")} {money(report.expectedDrawerMinor, report.currency)}
+          </div>
+          <div style={{ color: report.printed ? "#16a34a" : "#b45309", marginTop: "0.3rem" }}>
+            {report.printed ? t("shift.printedToReceipt") : t("shift.recordedNoPrinter")}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/SiteSettings.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { fetchOccupancy, fetchSiteConfig, saveSiteConfig, type Occupancy, type SiteConfig } from "./api.js";
+
+// Live occupancy + capacity + park metadata. Occupancy is shown to everyone (it's a
+// fold over the signed ledger); capacity and the metadata fields are admin-editable.
+// The FULL gate (refuse transient entry at capacity) is enforced server-side in the
+// entry flow. Metadata (name, NIUS, address, contact) feeds the ticket header.
+// See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md and wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
+
+// The optional text fields, in display order. `labelKey`/`phKey` are i18n keys
+// (resolved at render); only `address` is multiline.
+const META_FIELDS: ReadonlyArray<{ key: keyof SiteConfig; labelKey: string; phKey?: string; multiline?: boolean }> = [
+  { key: "parkName", labelKey: "site.fieldParkName", phKey: "site.fieldParkNamePh" },
+  { key: "operatorName", labelKey: "site.fieldOperator", phKey: "site.fieldOperatorPh" },
+  { key: "nius", labelKey: "site.fieldNius", phKey: "site.fieldNiusPh" },
+  { key: "address", labelKey: "site.fieldAddress", multiline: true },
+  { key: "phone", labelKey: "site.fieldPhone" },
+  { key: "email", labelKey: "site.fieldEmail" },
+];
+
+export function SiteSettings({ canEdit }: { canEdit: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [occ, setOcc] = useState<Occupancy | null>(null);
+  const [capInput, setCapInput] = useState("");
+  const [meta, setMeta] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
+  const [exitVoucherDefault, setExitVoucherDefault] = useState(false);
+  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  function reload() {
+    fetchOccupancy().then(setOcc).catch(() => {});
+  }
+  useEffect(() => {
+    reload();
+    fetchSiteConfig()
+      .then((c) => {
+        setCapInput(c.capacity == null ? "" : String(c.capacity));
+        setExitVoucherDefault(c.exitVoucherDefault);
+        const m: Record<string, string> = {};
+        for (const { key } of META_FIELDS) m[key] = c[key] == null ? "" : String(c[key]);
+        setMeta(m);
+      })
+      .catch(() => {});
+  }, []);
+
+  async function save() {
+    setMsg(null);
+    const raw = capInput.trim();
+    const patch: Partial<SiteConfig> = {
+      capacity: raw === "" ? null : Math.round(Number(raw)),
+      exitVoucherDefault,
+    };
+    // Send each metadata field; "" → null is applied server-side.
+    for (const { key } of META_FIELDS) (patch as Record<string, string | null>)[key] = meta[key] ?? "";
+    try {
+      await saveSiteConfig(patch);
+      reload();
+      setMsg(t("site.saved"));
+    } catch (e) {
+      setMsg((e as Error).message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "1.5rem", padding: "0.75rem 1rem", border: "1px solid #ddd", borderRadius: 6, maxWidth: 460 }}>
+      <strong>{t("site.occupancy")}</strong>{" "}
+      {occ == null ? (
+        "…"
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <span style={{ fontWeight: 600 }}>{occ.count}</span>
+          {occ.capacity != null ? ` / ${occ.capacity}` : ` ${t("site.noCapacitySet")}`}
+          {occ.capacity != null && (
+            <span style={{ color: "#666" }}> · {occ.free} {t("site.free")}</span>
+          )}
+          {occ.full && <span style={{ color: "crimson", marginLeft: "0.5rem", fontWeight: 600 }}>{t("site.full")}</span>}{" "}
+          <button type="button" onClick={reload} style={{ marginLeft: "0.5rem" }}>↻</button>
+        </>
+      )}
+      {canEdit && (
+        <div style={{ marginTop: "0.6rem", display: "grid", gap: "0.5rem" }}>
+          <label>
+            {t("site.capacityLabel")}{" "}
+            <input value={capInput} onChange={(e) => setCapInput(e.target.value)} style={{ width: 80 }} placeholder={t("site.capacityPlaceholder")} />
+          </label>
+          <label style={{ display: "flex", alignItems: "center", gap: "0.4rem" }}>
+            <input
+              type="checkbox"
+              checked={exitVoucherDefault}
+              onChange={(e) => setExitVoucherDefault(e.target.checked)}
+            />
+            {t("site.printExitDefault")}
+            <span style={{ color: "#888", fontSize: "0.8rem" }}>{t("site.printExitHint")}</span>
+          </label>
+          <div style={{ borderTop: "1px solid #eee", paddingTop: "0.5rem", color: "#666", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>
+            {t("site.parkDetails")}
+          </div>
+          {META_FIELDS.map(({ key, labelKey, phKey, multiline }) => (
+            <label key={key} style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", fontSize: "0.85rem" }}>
+              {t(labelKey)}
+              {multiline ? (
+                <textarea
+                  value={meta[key] ?? ""}
+                  onChange={(e) => setMeta((m) => ({ ...m, [key]: e.target.value }))}
+                  rows={2}
+                  placeholder={phKey ? t(phKey) : undefined}
+                />
+              ) : (
+                <input
+                  value={meta[key] ?? ""}
+                  onChange={(e) => setMeta((m) => ({ ...m, [key]: e.target.value }))}
+                  placeholder={phKey ? t(phKey) : undefined}
+                />
+              )}
+            </label>
+          ))}
+          <div>
+            <button type="button" onClick={save}>{t("site.save")}</button>
+            {msg && <span style={{ marginLeft: "0.5rem", color: "#555" }}>{msg}</span>}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/TariffComposer.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+  ApiError,
+  fetchTariff,
+  publishTariffVersion,
+  type TariffBlock,
+  type TariffStructure,
+  type TariffState,
+} from "./api.js";
+
+// Tariff composer — the admin builds + edits the rate card at runtime. Publishing
+// creates a new IMMUTABLE version (the active card); old versions are kept so past
+// sessions reprice correctly. Amounts are entered in major units (e.g. euros) for
+// usability and converted to integer minor units on submit. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+
+// Editable form mirror of TariffStructure, but money in major-unit strings.
+interface BlockForm {
+  uptoMin: string; // "" = open-ended (last block)
+  price: string; // major units, e.g. "2.00"
+}
+interface FormState {
+  currency: string;
+  gracePeriodEntryMin: string;
+  incrementMin: string;
+  dailyCap: string; // "" = no cap
+  lostTicket: string;
+  gracePeriodExitMin: string;
+  blocks: BlockForm[];
+}
+
+const toMinor = (major: string): number => Math.round(parseFloat(major || "0") * 100);
+const toMajor = (minor: number): string => (minor / 100).toFixed(2);
+
+function emptyForm(): FormState {
+  return {
+    currency: "EUR",
+    gracePeriodEntryMin: "15",
+    incrementMin: "60",
+    dailyCap: "",
+    lostTicket: "20.00",
+    gracePeriodExitMin: "15",
+    blocks: [{ uptoMin: "60", price: "2.00" }, { uptoMin: "", price: "1.00" }],
+  };
+}
+
+function formFromActive(s: TariffState): FormState {
+  const v = s.active;
+  if (!v) return emptyForm();
+  const st = v.structure;
+  return {
+    currency: v.currency,
+    gracePeriodEntryMin: String(st.gracePeriodEntryMin),
+    incrementMin: String(st.incrementMin),
+    dailyCap: st.dailyCapMinor == null ? "" : toMajor(st.dailyCapMinor),
+    lostTicket: toMajor(st.lostTicketMinor),
+    gracePeriodExitMin: String(st.gracePeriodExitMin),
+    blocks: st.blocks.map((b) => ({
+      uptoMin: b.uptoMin == null ? "" : String(b.uptoMin),
+      price: toMajor(b.priceMinorPerIncrement),
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
+function toStructure(f: FormState): TariffStructure {
+  const blocks: TariffBlock[] = f.blocks.map((b) => ({
+    uptoMin: b.uptoMin.trim() === "" ? null : Math.round(Number(b.uptoMin)),
+    priceMinorPerIncrement: toMinor(b.price),
+  }));
+  return {
+    gracePeriodEntryMin: Math.round(Number(f.gracePeriodEntryMin)),
+    incrementMin: Math.round(Number(f.incrementMin)),
+    blocks,
+    dailyCapMinor: f.dailyCap.trim() === "" ? null : toMinor(f.dailyCap),
+    lostTicketMinor: toMinor(f.lostTicket),
+    gracePeriodExitMin: Math.round(Number(f.gracePeriodExitMin)),
+    overstay: "reprice",
+  };
+}
+
+export function TariffComposer() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [state, setState] = useState<TariffState | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(emptyForm);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [msg, setMsg] = useState<{ kind: "ok" | "err"; text: string } | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchTariff()
+      .then((s) => {
+        setState(s);
+        setForm(formFromActive(s));
+      })
+      .catch((e) => setMsg({ kind: "err", text: (e as Error).message }));
+  }, []);
+
+  function set<K extends keyof FormState>(key: K, value: FormState[K]) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, [key]: value }));
+  }
+  function setBlock(i: number, patch: Partial<BlockForm>) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: f.blocks.map((b, j) => (j === i ? { ...b, ...patch } : b)) }));
+  }
+  function addBlock() {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: [...f.blocks, { uptoMin: "", price: "0.00" }] }));
+  }
+  function removeBlock(i: number) {
+    setForm((f) => ({ ...f, blocks: f.blocks.filter((_, j) => j !== i) }));
+  }
+
+  async function publish() {
+    setSaving(true);
+    setMsg(null);
+    try {
+      await publishTariffVersion({ currency: form.currency.trim().toUpperCase(), structure: toStructure(form) });
+      const fresh = await fetchTariff();
+      setState(fresh);
+      setMsg({ kind: "ok", text: t("tariff.publishedOk") });
+    } catch (e) {
+      const text =
+        e instanceof ApiError && (e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems
+          ? `${e.message}: ${((e as ApiError & { problems?: string[] }).problems ?? []).join("; ")}`
+          : (e as Error).message;
+      setMsg({ kind: "err", text });
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <section style={{ marginTop: "2rem" }}>
+      <h2>{t("tariff.title")}</h2>
+      {!state?.active ? (
+        <p style={{ color: "#b45309" }}>{t("tariff.noRateCard")}</p>
+      ) : (
+        <p style={{ color: "#555" }}>
+          {t("tariff.activeSince", {
+            date: new Date(state.active.effectiveFrom).toLocaleString(),
+            count: state.versions.length,
+          })}
+        </p>
+      )}
+
+      <div style={{ display: "grid", gridTemplateColumns: "max-content 1fr", gap: "0.4rem 0.75rem", alignItems: "center", maxWidth: 460 }}>
+        <label>{t("tariff.currency")}</label>
+        <input value={form.currency} onChange={(e) => set("currency", e.target.value)} maxLength={3} style={{ width: 80 }} />
+        <label>{t("tariff.freeEntryGrace")}</label>
+        <input value={form.gracePeriodEntryMin} onChange={(e) => set("gracePeriodEntryMin", e.target.value)} />
+        <label>{t("tariff.billingIncrement")}</label>
+        <input value={form.incrementMin} onChange={(e) => set("incrementMin", e.target.value)} />
+        <label>{t("tariff.dailyCap")}</label>
+        <input value={form.dailyCap} onChange={(e) => set("dailyCap", e.target.value)} placeholder={t("tariff.dailyCapPh")} />
+        <label>{t("tariff.lostTicketFee")}</label>
+        <input value={form.lostTicket} onChange={(e) => set("lostTicket", e.target.value)} />
+        <label>{t("tariff.exitGrace")}</label>
+        <input value={form.gracePeriodExitMin} onChange={(e) => set("gracePeriodExitMin", e.target.value)} />
+      </div>
+
+      <h3 style={{ marginBottom: "0.25rem" }}>{t("tariff.rateBlocks")}</h3>
+      <p style={{ color: "#777", margin: "0 0 0.5rem", fontSize: "0.9em" }}>{t("tariff.rateBlocksHint")}</p>
+      <table style={{ borderCollapse: "collapse" }}>
+        <thead>
+          <tr style={{ textAlign: "left", color: "#555" }}>
+            <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>{t("tariff.upToMin")}</th>
+            <th style={{ padding: "0 0.5rem" }}>{t("tariff.pricePerIncrement")}</th>
+            <th />
+          </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tbody>
+          {form.blocks.map((b, i) => (
+            <tr key={i}>
+              <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
+                <input
+                  value={b.uptoMin}
+                  onChange={(e) => setBlock(i, { uptoMin: e.target.value })}
+                  placeholder={i === form.blocks.length - 1 ? t("tariff.thereafter") : t("tariff.egExample")}
+                  style={{ width: 110 }}
+                />
+              </td>
+              <td style={{ padding: "0.15rem 0.5rem" }}>
+                <input value={b.price} onChange={(e) => setBlock(i, { price: e.target.value })} style={{ width: 90 }} />
+              </td>
+              <td>
+                <button type="button" onClick={() => removeBlock(i)} disabled={form.blocks.length <= 1}>
+                  {t("tariff.remove")}
+                </button>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+          ))}
+        </tbody>
+      </table>
+      <button type="button" onClick={addBlock} style={{ marginTop: "0.4rem" }}>
+        {t("tariff.addBlock")}
+      </button>
+
+      <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem" }}>
+        <button type="button" onClick={publish} disabled={saving}>
+          {saving ? t("tariff.publishing") : t("tariff.publishNewVersion")}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+      {msg && (
+        <p style={{ color: msg.kind === "ok" ? "#16a34a" : "crimson", marginTop: "0.5rem" }}>{msg.text}</p>
+      )}
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/api.ts

@@ -45,10 +45,13 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
 // --- Auth -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export type Role = "admin" | "operator" | "cashier" | "readonly";
+export type Lang = "sq" | "en";
 export interface SessionUser {
   id: string;
   username: string;
   role: Role;
+  /** Preferred UI language (loaded from the server on login). */
+  language: Lang;
 }
 
 export function login(username: string, password: string): Promise<SessionUser> {
@@ -62,6 +65,11 @@ export function logout(): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
   return apiFetch("/api/auth/logout", { method: "POST" });
 }
 
+/** Persist the current user's UI language preference (restored on next login). */
+export function setLanguagePref(language: Lang): Promise<{ language: Lang }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/auth/language", { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify({ language }) });
+}
+
 /** Returns the current user, or null if not authenticated. */
 export async function fetchMe(): Promise<SessionUser | null> {
   try {
@@ -96,6 +104,8 @@ export type DeviceCategory = "access" | "reader" | "camera" | "printer";
 export type Catalog = Record<DeviceCategory, CatalogEntry[]> & {
   /** Driver ids that support LAN discovery. */
   discoverable: string[];
+  /** Driver ids that push to the backend (need a backend IP at assign time). */
+  pushCapable: string[];
 };
 
 export function fetchCatalog(): Promise<Catalog> {
@@ -118,7 +128,26 @@ export async function discoverDevices(driverId: string): Promise<DiscoveredDevic
   return body.devices;
 }
 
-export type DeviceConfig = Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
+export type ConfigValue =
+  | string
+  | number
+  | boolean
+  | null
+  | ConfigValue[]
+  | { [k: string]: ConfigValue };
+export type DeviceConfig = Record<string, ConfigValue>;
+
+/** Direction a barrier/relay (or a device bound to it) serves. */
+export type Direction = "entry" | "exit" | "both";
+
+/** One relay on an access controller: which barrier it opens, in which direction,
+ *  and (optionally) the input terminal its entry button is wired to. */
+export interface RelaySpec {
+  relay: number;
+  direction: Direction;
+  /** Input terminal of the entry button that fires this relay (transient entry). */
+  button?: number;
+}
 
 export interface TestResult {
   health: { status: string; detail?: string };
@@ -151,9 +180,10 @@ export function fetchBackendIps(
 }
 
 export interface AssignBody {
-  lane: number;
   category: DeviceCategory;
   driverId: string;
+  // Direction/binding lives in config: access → config.relays=[{relay,direction,button?}];
+  // reader/camera → config.controllerId + config.relay.
   config: DeviceConfig;
   /** Backend IP the device should push to (overrides auto-pick). */
   backendIp?: string;
@@ -164,10 +194,18 @@ export function assignDevice(body: AssignBody): Promise<AssignResult> {
   return apiFetch("/api/setup/assign", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
 }
 
+/** Re-configure an existing device in place, keeping its id (and so its push
+ *  URL). Category/driver are fixed at create time, so only config changes. */
+export function editDevice(
+  id: string,
+  body: Omit<AssignBody, "category" | "driverId">,
+): Promise<AssignResult> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/setup/assign/${id}`, { method: "PATCH", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+
 /** A persisted device assignment (one per instance; machine-only secrets stripped). */
 export interface Assignment {
   id: string;
-  lane: number;
   category: DeviceCategory;
   driverId: string;
   config: DeviceConfig;
@@ -195,3 +233,285 @@ export function fetchState(): Promise<SetupState> {
 export function unassignDevice(id: string): Promise<void> {
   return apiFetch(`/api/setup/assign/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
 }
+
+// --- Tariff composer ------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface TariffBlock {
+  uptoMin: number | null;
+  priceMinorPerIncrement: number;
+}
+export interface TariffStructure {
+  gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
+  incrementMin: number;
+  blocks: TariffBlock[];
+  dailyCapMinor: number | null;
+  lostTicketMinor: number;
+  gracePeriodExitMin: number;
+  overstay: "reprice";
+}
+export interface TariffVersion {
+  id: string;
+  tariffId: string;
+  effectiveFrom: string;
+  currency: string;
+  structure: TariffStructure;
+  createdBy?: string | null;
+  createdAt?: string;
+}
+export interface TariffState {
+  tariffId: string;
+  active: TariffVersion | null;
+  versions: TariffVersion[];
+}
+
+export function fetchTariff(): Promise<TariffState> {
+  return apiFetch<TariffState>("/api/tariff");
+}
+
+/** Publish a new immutable tariff version (becomes the active rate card). */
+export function publishTariffVersion(body: {
+  currency: string;
+  structure: TariffStructure;
+  effectiveFrom?: string;
+}): Promise<TariffVersion> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/tariff/versions", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+
+// --- Permits --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface PermitCredential {
+  kind: "rf" | "qr";
+  value: string;
+}
+export interface Permit {
+  id: string;
+  holderName: string | null;
+  contact: string | null;
+  maxConcurrent: number | null;
+  validFrom: string | null;
+  validTo: string | null;
+  status: "active" | "suspended" | "revoked";
+  credentials: PermitCredential[];
+  plates: string[];
+}
+export type PermitInput = Omit<Permit, "id" | "status"> & {
+  status?: Permit["status"];
+};
+
+export function fetchPermits(): Promise<{ permits: Permit[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/permits");
+}
+export function createPermit(body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/permits", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function updatePermit(id: string, body: PermitInput): Promise<Permit> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(body) });
+}
+export function revokePermit(id: string): Promise<Permit> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}/revoke`, { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function deletePermit(id: string): Promise<void> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/permits/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+}
+
+// --- Shifts ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface ShiftStatus {
+  /** The requesting (logged-in) operator. */
+  operator: string;
+  /** The SINGLE site-wide open shift (startedAt + whose), or null if none open. */
+  open: { startedAt: string; operator: string | null } | null;
+  /** True iff the open shift belongs to the requesting operator (can close it). */
+  isMine: boolean;
+  /** Live physical drawer balance (cash payments + cash movements). */
+  drawerMinor: number;
+  currency: string | null;
+}
+export interface ShiftReport {
+  operator: string;
+  startedAt: string;
+  endedAt: string;
+  cashTotalMinor: number;
+  cardTotalMinor: number;
+  currency: string | null;
+  paymentCount: number;
+  // Drawer (carries across shifts).
+  openingFloatMinor: number;
+  cashAddedMinor: number;
+  cashRemovedMinor: number;
+  expectedDrawerMinor: number;
+  printed: boolean;
+}
+
+export function fetchShift(): Promise<ShiftStatus> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/shift/current");
+}
+export function openShift(): Promise<{ startedAt: string; openingFloatMinor: number }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/shift/open", { method: "POST" });
+}
+export function closeShift(): Promise<ShiftReport> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/shift/close", { method: "POST" });
+}
+
+/** Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash. amountMinor signed: + load, − remove. */
+export function recordCashMovement(
+  amountMinor: number,
+  reason: string,
+): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; balanceMinor: number }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/cash-movement", {
+    method: "POST",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ amountMinor, reason }),
+  });
+}
+
+// --- Site config / occupancy ----------------------------------------------
+
+export interface Occupancy {
+  count: number;
+  capacity: number | null;
+  free: number | null;
+  full: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Capacity + optional park metadata (all nullable). Mirrors site_config. */
+export interface SiteConfig {
+  capacity: number | null;
+  /** Default for the booth "print exit ticket" checkbox (booth-geography knob). */
+  exitVoucherDefault: boolean;
+  parkName: string | null;
+  operatorName: string | null;
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number. */
+  nius: string | null;
+  address: string | null;
+  phone: string | null;
+  email: string | null;
+}
+
+export function fetchOccupancy(): Promise<Occupancy> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/occupancy");
+}
+
+// --- Ledger events (the signed audit trail; read-only) --------------------
+
+/** A persisted ledger row. Re-exported from shared so UI code has one source of
+ *  truth for the event shape (the same type the WS pushes). */
+export type { LedgerEvent } from "@parking/shared";
+
+/** Recent ledger events, newest first (default 100, max 1000). Used for the
+ *  booth feed's initial load; live updates then arrive over the WS. `since` (ISO)
+ *  scopes to events at/after that instant — the booth passes the current shift's
+ *  start so the feed shows ONLY this shift's activity. */
+export function fetchEvents(
+  limit = 100,
+  since?: string,
+): Promise<{ events: import("@parking/shared").LedgerEvent[] }> {
+  const qs = new URLSearchParams({ limit: String(limit) });
+  if (since) qs.set("since", since);
+  return apiFetch(`/api/events?${qs.toString()}`);
+}
+
+// --- Booth: session lookup, payment, exit ---------------------------------
+
+/** One-read session view for the booth pay/exit modal (mirrors server SessionLookup). */
+export interface SessionLookup {
+  identity: string;
+  found: boolean;
+  open: boolean;
+  enteredAt: string | null;
+  exitedAt: string | null;
+  paidAt: string | null;
+  amountMinor: number | null;
+  currency: string | null;
+  withinGrace: boolean;
+  graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Look up a ticket/session for the booth modal (entry/exit, paid, amount owed). */
+export function lookupSession(identity: string): Promise<SessionLookup> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/session/${encodeURIComponent(identity)}`);
+}
+
+/** One row in the booth Active Sessions list (mirrors server ActiveSession). */
+export interface ActiveSession {
+  identity: string;
+  source: string | null;
+  enteredAt: string;
+  exitedAt: string | null;
+  open: boolean;
+  paidAt: string | null;
+  amountMinor: number | null;
+  currency: string | null;
+  withinGrace: boolean;
+  graceExpiresAt: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Active sessions: still-inside OR exited-but-within-grace (barrier unconfirmed). */
+export function fetchActiveSessions(): Promise<{ sessions: ActiveSession[] }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/sessions/active");
+}
+
+/** Human-intervention barrier re-open for a paid active session (damaged ticket /
+ *  phantom re-close). Signs an audited anomaly; never a 2nd exit. */
+export function reopenBarrier(identity: string): Promise<{ ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/barrier/reopen", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+/** Take payment for a session → signed payment event. `overrideMinor` sets an
+ *  operator amount (lost ticket / dispute). */
+export function paySession(
+  identity: string,
+  tender: "cash" | "card",
+  overrideMinor?: number,
+): Promise<{ amountMinor: number; currency: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/pay", {
+    method: "POST",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ identity, tender, ...(overrideMinor != null ? { overrideMinor } : {}) }),
+  });
+}
+
+/** Booth-driven exit result. `opened:false` = exit recorded but barrier didn't
+ *  open (payment stands; operator opens manually). */
+export type BoothExitResult = { ok: true; opened: boolean; reason?: string };
+
+/** Validate + open the barrier for a session from the booth (when near the exit). */
+export function boothExit(identity: string): Promise<BoothExitResult> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/exit", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+/** Print an exit voucher (paid ticket id reprinted) for self-exit at a distant
+ *  exit. Requires the session to be paid. */
+export function printVoucher(identity: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; printedBy: string }> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/voucher", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ identity }) });
+}
+
+// --- Snapshots (entry/exit evidence images) -------------------------------
+
+export interface SnapshotMeta {
+  id: string;
+  direction: "entry" | "exit" | null;
+  deviceId: string;
+  identity: string;
+  contentType: string;
+  capturedAt: string;
+}
+
+/** Snapshot metadata for a session identity (newest first). Image bytes are at
+ *  `/api/snapshots/:id` — use that URL directly as an <img src>. */
+export function fetchSnapshots(identity: string): Promise<{ snapshots: SnapshotMeta[] }> {
+  return apiFetch(`/api/snapshots/by-identity/${encodeURIComponent(identity)}`);
+}
+
+/** URL for a snapshot's image bytes (cookie-authed; usable as <img src>). */
+export function snapshotImageUrl(id: string): string {
+  return `/api/snapshots/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`;
+}
+export function fetchSiteConfig(): Promise<SiteConfig> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/site-config");
+}
+/** PUT a partial config — only the fields supplied are changed. */
+export function saveSiteConfig(patch: Partial<SiteConfig>): Promise<SiteConfig> {
+  return apiFetch("/api/site-config", { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify(patch) });
+}
+export function setCapacity(capacity: number | null): Promise<SiteConfig> {
+  return saveSiteConfig({ capacity });
+}

apps/web/src/index.css

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@import "tailwindcss";
+
+/* Bloomberg-terminal aesthetic: dense, dark, monospace, keyboard-first.
+   Tailwind v4 — design tokens live here in @theme (no tailwind.config.js).
+   The booth runs on a fixed appliance display; we optimise for a dark room,
+   glanceable status colour, and high information density over whitespace. */
+@theme {
+  /* Surfaces — near-black, layered greys for panels/borders. */
+  --color-term-bg: #0a0e12;
+  --color-term-panel: #11161c;
+  --color-term-panel-2: #161d25;
+  --color-term-border: #232c37;
+  --color-term-muted: #6b7785;
+  --color-term-text: #c9d3de;
+
+  /* Status accents — the terminal's signal colours. */
+  --color-term-amber: #f5a623;   /* primary accent / headings / focus */
+  --color-term-green: #2ecc71;   /* entry / ok / free */
+  --color-term-red: #ff4d4f;     /* exit / fault / full */
+  --color-term-cyan: #38bdf8;    /* payment / info */
+
+  /* Monospace stack — IBM Plex Mono / JetBrains first, system mono fallback. */
+  --font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular",
+    "Menlo", "Consolas", monospace;
+
+  /* Tight radius — terminals are square. */
+  --radius-term: 2px;
+}
+
+html,
+body,
+#root {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+body {
+  margin: 0;
+  background: var(--color-term-bg);
+  color: var(--color-term-text);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  /* Crisp text and no rubber-banding on the fixed appliance display. */
+  overscroll-behavior: none;
+}
+
+/* Terminal scrollbars — thin, dark, unobtrusive. */
+* {
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+  scrollbar-color: var(--color-term-border) transparent;
+}
+
+/* A visible keyboard-focus ring in the amber accent (keyboard-first UI). */
+:focus-visible {
+  outline: 1px solid var(--color-term-amber);
+  outline-offset: 1px;
+}

apps/web/src/lib/format.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Small formatting helpers for the booth. Money is integer MINOR units (never a
+// float — matches the tariff/ledger model); duration is whole minutes.
+
+/** Format integer minor units + ISO-4217 currency as a major-unit string. */
+export function formatMoney(amountMinor: number, currency: string): string {
+  const major = amountMinor / 100;
+  try {
+    return new Intl.NumberFormat(undefined, { style: "currency", currency }).format(major);
+  } catch {
+    // Unknown/garbled currency code — fall back to a plain number + the code.
+    return `${major.toFixed(2)} ${currency}`;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Human duration between two ISO times, e.g. "2h 14m" / "47m" / "0m". */
+export function formatDuration(fromIso: string, toIso: string): string {
+  const ms = Date.parse(toIso) - Date.parse(fromIso);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms < 0) return "—";
+  const mins = Math.floor(ms / 60_000);
+  const h = Math.floor(mins / 60);
+  const m = mins % 60;
+  return h > 0 ? `${h}h ${m}m` : `${m}m`;
+}
+
+/** Local time-of-day HH:MM:SS from an ISO string. */
+export function formatTime(iso: string | null): string {
+  if (!iso) return "—";
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  return Number.isNaN(d.getTime()) ? "—" : d.toTimeString().slice(0, 8);
+}

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// English (en). Mirrors the key structure of sq.ts (the default/fallback). Any key
+// missing here falls back to Albanian. See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+import type { Catalog } from "./sq.js";
+
+export const en: Catalog = {
+  common: {
+    loading: "Loading…",
+    logout: "Log out",
+    cancel: "Cancel",
+    close: "Close",
+    save: "Save",
+    none: "—",
+  },
+  auth: {
+    title: "Parking System",
+    username: "Username",
+    password: "Password",
+    signIn: "Sign in",
+    signingIn: "Signing in…",
+  },
+  nav: {
+    booth: "Booth",
+    shift: "Shift",
+    setup: "Setup",
+    tariff: "Tariff",
+    permits: "Permits",
+    site: "Site",
+  },
+  status: {
+    live: "LIVE",
+    connecting: "CONNECTING",
+    offline: "OFFLINE",
+  },
+  booth: {
+    processTicket: "Process ticket",
+    scanPlaceholder: "Scan or type ticket number…",
+    open: "Open",
+    occupancy: "Occupancy",
+    occUnavailable: "occupancy unavailable",
+    inside: "inside",
+    of: "of",
+    uncapped: "uncapped",
+    free: "free",
+    lotFull: "● lot full",
+    liveFeed: "Live feed",
+    events: "events",
+    noEventsYet: "No events yet — entries and exits will stream here.",
+    activeSessions: "Active sessions",
+    insideCount: "inside",
+    noActiveSessions: "No active sessions.",
+    inAt: "in",
+    openPayExit: "Open pay / exit",
+    openBarrier: "Open barrier",
+    openBarrierTitle: "Human-intervention barrier open (audited)",
+    barrierOpened: "barrier opened",
+    openManually: "open manually",
+    badgeExiting: "exiting",
+    badgePaid: "paid",
+    badgeUnpaid: "unpaid",
+    evtEntry: "ENTRY",
+    evtExit: "EXIT",
+    evtPay: "PAY",
+    evtVoid: "VOID",
+    evtOpenCmd: "OPEN→",
+    evtOpenObserved: "OPEN✓",
+    evtShiftOpen: "SHIFT+",
+    evtShiftZ: "SHIFT Z",
+    evtCashMovement: "CASH",
+    evtAnomaly: "ANOMALY",
+  },
+  tariff: {
+    title: "Tariff",
+    noRateCard: "No rate card published yet — the pay station can't charge until you publish one.",
+    activeSince: "Active since {{date}} · {{count}} version(s) in history. Publishing creates a new version; past sessions keep their original pricing.",
+    currency: "Currency",
+    freeEntryGrace: "Free entry grace (min)",
+    billingIncrement: "Billing increment (min)",
+    dailyCap: "Daily cap (blank = none)",
+    dailyCapPh: "e.g. 12.00",
+    lostTicketFee: "Lost-ticket fee",
+    exitGrace: "Exit walk-back grace (min)",
+    rateBlocks: "Rate blocks",
+    rateBlocksHint: "Consumed in order as time accrues. \"Up to (min)\" is the block's upper bound; leave the last block's bound blank for \"thereafter\". Price is per billing increment.",
+    upToMin: "Up to (min)",
+    pricePerIncrement: "Price / increment",
+    thereafter: "thereafter",
+    egExample: "e.g. 60",
+    remove: "Remove",
+    addBlock: "+ Add block",
+    publishNewVersion: "Publish new version",
+    publishing: "Publishing…",
+    publishedOk: "New tariff version published — it's now the active rate card.",
+  },
+  permits: {
+    title: "Permits",
+    unnamed: "(unnamed)",
+    unbound: "unbound",
+    car_one: "{{count}} car",
+    car_other: "{{count}} cars",
+    cred: "cred",
+    plates: "{{count}} plate(s)",
+    edit: "Edit",
+    revoke: "Revoke",
+    delete: "Delete",
+    noPermitsYet: "No permits yet.",
+    addPermit: "+ Add permit",
+    newPermit: "New permit",
+    editPermit: "Edit permit",
+    holderName: "Holder name",
+    contact: "Contact",
+    carLimit: "Car limit",
+    limitCarsInAtOnce: "limit cars in at once",
+    validFrom: "Valid from",
+    validTo: "Valid to",
+    isoDateOptional: "ISO date (optional)",
+    boundPlates: "Bound plates",
+    commaSeparatedOptional: "comma-separated (optional)",
+    credentialsCardQr: "Credentials (card / QR)",
+    rfCardTag: "RF card/tag",
+    qr: "QR",
+    credentialValue: "credential value",
+    addCredential: "+ credential",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "A permit needs at least one credential OR one bound plate.",
+    save: "Save",
+    cancel: "Cancel",
+    permitSaved: "Permit saved.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Revoke permit for {{name}}? It will be refused at the barrier.",
+    confirmDelete: "Delete permit for {{name}}? (Past events are kept.)",
+    statusActive: "active",
+    statusSuspended: "suspended",
+    statusRevoked: "revoked",
+  },
+  site: {
+    occupancy: "Occupancy:",
+    noCapacitySet: "(no capacity set)",
+    free: "free",
+    full: "FULL",
+    capacityLabel: "Capacity (blank = no limit):",
+    capacityPlaceholder: "e.g. 120",
+    printExitDefault: "Print exit ticket by default",
+    printExitHint: "(booth far from exit → customer self-exits with a voucher)",
+    parkDetails: "Park details (optional — shown on tickets/receipts)",
+    save: "Save",
+    saved: "Saved.",
+    fieldParkName: "Park name",
+    fieldParkNamePh: "e.g. Acme Parking",
+    fieldOperator: "Operator (legal name)",
+    fieldOperatorPh: "operating company",
+    fieldNius: "NIUS",
+    fieldNiusPh: "e.g. L01234567A",
+    fieldAddress: "Address",
+    fieldPhone: "Phone",
+    fieldEmail: "Email",
+  },
+  shift: {
+    label: "Shift:",
+    open: "open",
+    notStarted: "not started",
+    since: "since",
+    startShift: "Start shift",
+    starting: "Starting…",
+    endShift: "End shift",
+    ending: "Ending…",
+    drawer: "Drawer:",
+    openingFloatInherited: "(opening float inherited from the prior shift)",
+    drawerCashAdmin: "Drawer cash (admin) — load or remove the float",
+    amount: "amount",
+    reasonPlaceholder: "reason (e.g. opening float)",
+    load: "Load +",
+    remove: "Remove −",
+    enterPositive: "Enter a positive amount.",
+    drawerNow: "Drawer now {{amount}}.",
+    zReport: "Z-REPORT",
+    payments: "Payments:",
+    cash: "Cash:",
+    card: "Card:",
+    drawerSection: "— Drawer —",
+    openingFloat: "Opening float:",
+    cashTaken: "Cash taken:",
+    cashAdded: "Cash added:",
+    cashRemoved: "Cash removed:",
+    expectedDrawer: "Expected drawer:",
+    printedToReceipt: "Printed to booth receipt.",
+    recordedNoPrinter: "Recorded (no printer to print to).",
+    // Header shift control + the booth shift gate.
+    headerNoShift: "No shift",
+    headerOpen: "Open shift",
+    headerClose: "Close shift",
+    headerHeldBy: "Shift open — {{operator}}",
+    headerHeldByShort: "Shift: {{operator}}",
+    gateTitle: "Open a shift to process tickets",
+    gateBody:
+      "No shift is open. Open your shift so payments and exits are recorded against it.",
+    gateOtherTitle: "The open shift belongs to another operator",
+    gateOtherBody:
+      "{{operator}} has an open shift. Only one shift may be open at a time — they must close theirs before you can open yours.",
+    openNow: "Open shift now",
+    opening: "Opening…",
+  },
+  pay: {
+    ticket: "Ticket",
+    entry: "Entry",
+    now: "Now",
+    duration: "Duration",
+    statusLabel: "Status",
+    paid: "PAID",
+    unpaid: "UNPAID",
+    total: "Total",
+    noTariff: "no tariff",
+    tender: "Tender",
+    cash: "Cash",
+    card: "Card",
+    printExitVoucher: "Print exit ticket",
+    selfExitHint: "(customer self-exits at the exit)",
+    payAndOpen: "Pay + open barrier",
+    payAndVoucher: "Pay + print voucher",
+    openBarrier: "Open barrier",
+    printVoucher: "Print voucher",
+    takingPayment: "taking payment…",
+    printingVoucher: "printing voucher…",
+    opening: "opening…",
+    noSessionFound: "No session found for this ticket.",
+    alreadyClosed: "This session is already closed (exited {{time}}).",
+    lookingUp: "looking up…",
+    paidBarrierOpened: "Paid — barrier opened. Car may exit.",
+    paidExitRecorded: "Paid and exit recorded, but the barrier did not open: {{reason}}.",
+    voucherPrinted: "Exit voucher printed on {{printer}}. Customer self-exits at the exit.",
+    noSnapshots: "no snapshots",
+    loadingSnapshots: "loading snapshots…",
+  },
+};

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import i18n from "i18next";
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+import { sq } from "./sq.js";
+import { en } from "./en.js";
+
+// i18next setup for the operator UI. Albanian (sq) is the DEFAULT and the fallback;
+// English (en) is the second language. The active language is the LOGGED-IN USER's
+// stored preference (users.language), applied via setLanguage() after auth resolves
+// — not localStorage, not the browser. Printed tickets are NOT governed by this
+// (always Albanian, customer-facing). See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+export type Lang = "sq" | "en";
+
+// Single flat namespace; keys are dot-paths (e.g. "booth.processTicket"). Nested
+// objects in the catalogs are walked by i18next's keySeparator.
+void i18n.use(initReactI18next).init({
+  resources: {
+    sq: { translation: sq },
+    en: { translation: en },
+  },
+  lng: "sq",
+  fallbackLng: "sq",
+  interpolation: { escapeValue: false }, // React already escapes
+  returnNull: false,
+});
+
+/** Apply a language (e.g. after login resolves the user's preference). No-op if
+ *  already active. */
+export function setLanguage(lang: Lang): void {
+  if (i18n.language !== lang) void i18n.changeLanguage(lang);
+}
+
+export default i18n;

apps/web/src/lib/i18n/sq.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Albanian (sq) — the DEFAULT and fallback language. Customer/operator-facing copy.
+// Keys are dot-namespaced by area (common, nav, booth, …). When adding a string,
+// add it here first (the fallback), then mirror the key in en.ts.
+// See wiki/concepts/i18n.md.
+
+export const sq = {
+  common: {
+    loading: "Duke u ngarkuar…",
+    logout: "Dil",
+    cancel: "Anulo",
+    close: "Mbyll",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    none: "—",
+  },
+  auth: {
+    title: "Sistemi i Parkimit",
+    username: "Përdoruesi",
+    password: "Fjalëkalimi",
+    signIn: "Hyr",
+    signingIn: "Duke hyrë…",
+  },
+  nav: {
+    booth: "Kabina",
+    shift: "Turni",
+    setup: "Konfigurimi",
+    tariff: "Tarifa",
+    permits: "Lejet",
+    site: "Vendi",
+  },
+  status: {
+    live: "LIVE",
+    connecting: "DUKE U LIDHUR",
+    offline: "JASHTË LINJE",
+  },
+  booth: {
+    processTicket: "Proceso biletën",
+    scanPlaceholder: "Skano ose shkruaj numrin e biletës…",
+    open: "Hap",
+    occupancy: "Zënia",
+    occUnavailable: "zënia e padisponueshme",
+    inside: "brenda",
+    of: "nga",
+    uncapped: "pa kufi",
+    free: "lirë",
+    lotFull: "● parkimi plot",
+    liveFeed: "Aktiviteti live",
+    events: "ngjarje",
+    noEventsYet: "Asnjë ngjarje ende — hyrjet dhe daljet do të shfaqen këtu.",
+    activeSessions: "Sesionet aktive",
+    insideCount: "brenda",
+    noActiveSessions: "Asnjë sesion aktiv.",
+    inAt: "në",
+    openPayExit: "Hap pagesën / daljen",
+    openBarrier: "Hap barrierën",
+    openBarrierTitle: "Hapje barriere me ndërhyrje njerëzore (e regjistruar)",
+    barrierOpened: "barriera u hap",
+    openManually: "hape me dorë",
+    // session row badges
+    badgeExiting: "duke dalë",
+    badgePaid: "paguar",
+    badgeUnpaid: "papaguar",
+    // event types (live feed labels)
+    evtEntry: "HYRJE",
+    evtExit: "DALJE",
+    evtPay: "PAGESË",
+    evtVoid: "ANULIM",
+    evtOpenCmd: "HAP→",
+    evtOpenObserved: "HAP✓",
+    evtShiftOpen: "TURN+",
+    evtShiftZ: "TURN Z",
+    evtCashMovement: "ARKË",
+    evtAnomaly: "ANOMALI",
+  },
+  tariff: {
+    title: "Tarifa",
+    noRateCard: "Asnjë kartë tarifore e publikuar — arka nuk mund të faturojë derisa të publikoni një.",
+    activeSince: "Aktive që nga {{date}} · {{count}} version(e) në histori. Publikimi krijon një version të ri; sesionet e kaluara ruajnë çmimin origjinal.",
+    currency: "Monedha",
+    freeEntryGrace: "Periudha pa pagesë në hyrje (min)",
+    billingIncrement: "Intervali i faturimit (min)",
+    dailyCap: "Kufiri ditor (bosh = pa kufi)",
+    dailyCapPh: "p.sh. 12.00",
+    lostTicketFee: "Tarifa për biletë të humbur",
+    exitGrace: "Periudha e kthimit në dalje (min)",
+    rateBlocks: "Blloqet tarifore",
+    rateBlocksHint: "Konsumohen me radhë me kalimin e kohës. \"Deri në (min)\" është kufiri i sipërm i bllokut; lëre bosh kufirin e bllokut të fundit për \"më pas\". Çmimi është për interval faturimi.",
+    upToMin: "Deri në (min)",
+    pricePerIncrement: "Çmimi / interval",
+    thereafter: "më pas",
+    egExample: "p.sh. 60",
+    remove: "Hiq",
+    addBlock: "+ Shto bllok",
+    publishNewVersion: "Publiko version të ri",
+    publishing: "Duke publikuar…",
+    publishedOk: "U publikua versioni i ri i tarifës — tani është karta tarifore aktive.",
+  },
+  permits: {
+    title: "Lejet",
+    unnamed: "(pa emër)",
+    unbound: "pa kufizim",
+    car_one: "{{count}} makinë",
+    car_other: "{{count}} makina",
+    cred: "kredencial",
+    plates: "{{count}} targë(a)",
+    edit: "Ndrysho",
+    revoke: "Anulo",
+    delete: "Fshij",
+    noPermitsYet: "Asnjë leje ende.",
+    addPermit: "+ Shto leje",
+    newPermit: "Leje e re",
+    editPermit: "Ndrysho lejen",
+    holderName: "Emri i mbajtësit",
+    contact: "Kontakti",
+    carLimit: "Kufiri i makinave",
+    limitCarsInAtOnce: "kufizo makinat brenda njëkohësisht",
+    validFrom: "Vlen nga",
+    validTo: "Vlen deri",
+    isoDateOptional: "Datë ISO (opsionale)",
+    boundPlates: "Targat e lidhura",
+    commaSeparatedOptional: "të ndara me presje (opsionale)",
+    credentialsCardQr: "Kredencialet (kartë / QR)",
+    rfCardTag: "Kartë/etiketë RF",
+    qr: "QR",
+    credentialValue: "vlera e kredencialit",
+    addCredential: "+ kredencial",
+    needCredentialOrPlate: "Një leje kërkon të paktën një kredencial OSE një targë të lidhur.",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    cancel: "Anulo",
+    permitSaved: "Leja u ruajt.",
+    confirmRevoke: "Të anulohet leja për {{name}}? Do të refuzohet te barriera.",
+    confirmDelete: "Të fshihet leja për {{name}}? (Ngjarjet e kaluara ruhen.)",
+    statusActive: "aktive",
+    statusSuspended: "pezulluar",
+    statusRevoked: "anuluar",
+  },
+  site: {
+    occupancy: "Zënia:",
+    noCapacitySet: "(pa kapacitet të caktuar)",
+    free: "lirë",
+    full: "PLOT",
+    capacityLabel: "Kapaciteti (bosh = pa kufi):",
+    capacityPlaceholder: "p.sh. 120",
+    printExitDefault: "Printo biletën e daljes si parazgjedhje",
+    printExitHint: "(kabina larg daljes → klienti del vetë me biletë)",
+    parkDetails: "Të dhënat e parkimit (opsionale — shfaqen në bileta/fatura)",
+    save: "Ruaj",
+    saved: "U ruajt.",
+    fieldParkName: "Emri i parkimit",
+    fieldParkNamePh: "p.sh. Acme Parking",
+    fieldOperator: "Operatori (emri ligjor)",
+    fieldOperatorPh: "kompania operuese",
+    fieldNius: "NIUS",
+    fieldNiusPh: "p.sh. L01234567A",
+    fieldAddress: "Adresa",
+    fieldPhone: "Telefoni",
+    fieldEmail: "Email",
+  },
+  shift: {
+    label: "Turni:",
+    open: "hapur",
+    notStarted: "i panisur",
+    since: "që nga",
+    startShift: "Fillo turnin",
+    starting: "Duke filluar…",
+    endShift: "Mbyll turnin",
+    ending: "Duke mbyllur…",
+    drawer: "Arka:",
+    openingFloatInherited: "(bilanci fillestar i trashëguar nga turni i mëparshëm)",
+    drawerCashAdmin: "Para në arkë (admin) — shto ose hiq bilancin",
+    amount: "shuma",
+    reasonPlaceholder: "arsyeja (p.sh. bilanci fillestar)",
+    load: "Shto +",
+    remove: "Hiq −",
+    enterPositive: "Shkruaj një shumë pozitive.",
+    drawerNow: "Arka tani {{amount}}.",
+    zReport: "RAPORT Z",
+    payments: "Pagesa:",
+    cash: "Para:",
+    card: "Kartë:",
+    drawerSection: "— Arka —",
+    openingFloat: "Bilanci fillestar:",
+    cashTaken: "Para të marra:",
+    cashAdded: "Para të shtuara:",
+    cashRemoved: "Para të hequra:",
+    expectedDrawer: "Arka e pritshme:",
+    printedToReceipt: "Printuar te printeri i kabinës.",
+    recordedNoPrinter: "Regjistruar (pa printer për të printuar).",
+    // Header shift control + the booth shift gate.
+    headerNoShift: "Asnjë turn",
+    headerOpen: "Hap turnin",
+    headerClose: "Mbyll turnin",
+    headerHeldBy: "Turn i hapur nga {{operator}}",
+    headerHeldByShort: "Turni: {{operator}}",
+    gateTitle: "Hap një turn për të proceduar biletat",
+    gateBody:
+      "Asnjë turn nuk është i hapur. Hap turnin tënd që pagesat dhe daljet të regjistrohen te ky turn.",
+    gateOtherTitle: "Turni i hapur i përket një operatori tjetër",
+    gateOtherBody:
+      "{{operator}} ka një turn të hapur. Vetëm një turn mund të jetë i hapur njëkohësisht — ai duhet të mbyllë turnin para se ti të hapësh tëndin.",
+    openNow: "Hap turnin tani",
+    opening: "Duke hapur…",
+  },
+  pay: {
+    ticket: "Bileta",
+    entry: "Hyrja",
+    now: "Tani",
+    duration: "Kohëzgjatja",
+    statusLabel: "Statusi",
+    paid: "PAGUAR",
+    unpaid: "PAPAGUAR",
+    total: "Totali",
+    noTariff: "pa tarifë",
+    tender: "Mënyra",
+    cash: "Para",
+    card: "Kartë",
+    printExitVoucher: "Printo biletë dalje",
+    selfExitHint: "(klienti del vetë te dalja)",
+    payAndOpen: "Paguaj + hap barrierën",
+    payAndVoucher: "Paguaj + printo biletën",
+    openBarrier: "Hap barrierën",
+    printVoucher: "Printo biletën",
+    takingPayment: "Duke marrë pagesën…",
+    printingVoucher: "Duke printuar biletën…",
+    opening: "Duke hapur…",
+    noSessionFound: "Nuk u gjet asnjë sesion për këtë biletë.",
+    alreadyClosed: "Ky sesion është mbyllur tashmë (doli {{time}}).",
+    lookingUp: "Duke kërkuar…",
+    paidBarrierOpened: "Paguar — barriera u hap. Automjeti mund të dalë.",
+    paidExitRecorded: "Paguar dhe dalja u regjistrua, por barriera nuk u hap: {{reason}}.",
+    voucherPrinted: "Bileta e daljes u printua në {{printer}}. Klienti del vetë te dalja.",
+    // snapshots
+    noSnapshots: "asnjë foto",
+    loadingSnapshots: "duke ngarkuar fotot…",
+  },
+};
+
+// The catalog SHAPE (keys + nesting), with string-typed values — so en.ts must
+// supply every key but may differ in value. (Not `typeof sq` with `as const`, which
+// would pin en.ts to the Albanian literals.)
+type Stringify<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends object ? Stringify<T[K]> : string };
+export type Catalog = Stringify<typeof sq>;

apps/web/src/lib/live-store.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { create } from "zustand";
+import type { LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+
+// CLIENT state for the live booth feed — deliberately small. Server data (the
+// authoritative event list, occupancy totals) is owned by TanStack Query; this
+// store holds only what Query shouldn't: the WS connection status, the latest
+// pushed occupancy snapshot, and a rolling in-memory tail of recent events for the
+// live ticker. Anything durable is re-fetched via Query. See lib/query.ts.
+
+/** Connection state of the booth WebSocket, for a status indicator in the UI. */
+export type WsStatus = "connecting" | "open" | "closed";
+
+/** Cap the in-memory live feed so a long-running booth session can't grow it
+ *  unbounded — the full history is always available via the /api/events query. */
+const MAX_FEED = 200;
+
+interface LiveState {
+  status: WsStatus;
+  /** Most recent occupancy pushed by the server (rides on every ledger event). */
+  occupancy: Occupancy | null;
+  /** Newest-first tail of recently pushed ledger events (for the live ticker). */
+  feed: LedgerEvent[];
+  setStatus: (s: WsStatus) => void;
+  setOccupancy: (o: Occupancy) => void;
+  pushEvent: (e: LedgerEvent) => void;
+  reset: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useLiveStore = create<LiveState>((set) => ({
+  status: "connecting",
+  occupancy: null,
+  feed: [],
+  setStatus: (status) => set({ status }),
+  setOccupancy: (occupancy) => set({ occupancy }),
+  pushEvent: (e) =>
+    set((s) => ({
+      // Newest first; de-dupe by id (a reconnect can replay) and cap the length.
+      feed: s.feed.some((x) => x.id === e.id) ? s.feed : [e, ...s.feed].slice(0, MAX_FEED),
+    })),
+  reset: () => set({ status: "connecting", occupancy: null, feed: [] }),
+}));

apps/web/src/lib/query.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { QueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+
+// Single QueryClient for the app. TanStack Query owns SERVER state (fetch, cache,
+// refetch, loading/error) — wrapping the existing thin api.ts fetchers. Client/UI
+// state (live feed, WS status) lives in Zustand, not here. The WS layer invalidates
+// these caches on live events so Query stays the source of truth for server data.
+//
+// Defaults tuned for a single-appliance booth: no window-focus refetch (it's a
+// kiosk, not a tab someone switches to), and a short staleTime since the WS is the
+// real freshness mechanism — queries are the fallback/initial load.
+export const queryClient = new QueryClient({
+  defaultOptions: {
+    queries: {
+      refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+      staleTime: 5_000,
+      retry: 1,
+    },
+  },
+});
+
+/** Stable query keys — referenced by both the screens and the WS invalidator. */
+export const qk = {
+  me: ["me"] as const,
+  occupancy: ["occupancy"] as const,
+  events: ["events"] as const,
+  activeSessions: ["active-sessions"] as const,
+  siteConfig: ["site-config"] as const,
+  shift: ["shift"] as const,
+} as const;

apps/web/src/lib/use-live-feed.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import type { LedgerEvent, Occupancy } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "./query.js";
+import { useLiveStore } from "./live-store.js";
+
+// Booth WebSocket client. Opens ONE socket to /api/ws and turns server pushes into
+// (a) live-store updates for the ticker/occupancy and (b) Query cache invalidations
+// so TanStack Query remains the source of truth for durable server data. The browser
+// attaches the auth cookie automatically; the backend gates by cookie + Origin
+// (see routes/ws.ts). Auto-reconnects with capped backoff so a booth left running
+// recovers from a server restart without a manual refresh.
+
+/** Server → client message shapes (mirror routes/ws.ts OutMsg). */
+type WsMessage =
+  | { kind: "hello"; occupancy: Occupancy }
+  | { kind: "ledger"; event: LedgerEvent; occupancy: Occupancy }
+  | { kind: "printer-status"; event: unknown };
+
+/** Build the ws:// or wss:// URL for the same origin the SPA is served from. */
+function wsUrl(): string {
+  const proto = window.location.protocol === "https:" ? "wss:" : "ws:";
+  return `${proto}//${window.location.host}/api/ws`;
+}
+
+export function useLiveFeed(): void {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const { setStatus, setOccupancy, pushEvent } = useLiveStore();
+  // Hold the socket + reconnect timer across renders; guard against StrictMode
+  // double-invoke and unmount.
+  const sockRef = useRef<WebSocket | null>(null);
+  const retryRef = useRef(0);
+  const closedRef = useRef(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    closedRef.current = false;
+
+    const connect = () => {
+      if (closedRef.current) return;
+      setStatus(retryRef.current === 0 ? "connecting" : "connecting");
+      const sock = new WebSocket(wsUrl());
+      sockRef.current = sock;
+
+      sock.onopen = () => {
+        retryRef.current = 0;
+        setStatus("open");
+      };
+
+      sock.onmessage = (ev) => {
+        let msg: WsMessage;
+        try {
+          msg = JSON.parse(ev.data as string) as WsMessage;
+        } catch {
+          return; // ignore malformed frames
+        }
+        if (msg.kind === "hello") {
+          setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
+        } else if (msg.kind === "ledger") {
+          setOccupancy(msg.occupancy);
+          pushEvent(msg.event);
+          // Keep Query authoritative: the durable event list, occupancy totals,
+          // and active-sessions list refetch on the next read instead of trusting
+          // the pushed copy alone.
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.activeSessions });
+          // A shift open/close (or a drawer movement) changes the header control
+          // state and the per-shift log window — refresh the shift status too.
+          if (
+            msg.event.type === "shift_open" ||
+            msg.event.type === "shift_z_report" ||
+            msg.event.type === "cash_movement"
+          ) {
+            void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+          }
+        } else if (msg.kind === "printer-status") {
+          void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["printers"] });
+        }
+      };
+
+      const scheduleReconnect = () => {
+        if (closedRef.current) return;
+        setStatus("closed");
+        // Capped exponential backoff: 0.5s, 1s, 2s, … up to 10s.
+        const delay = Math.min(500 * 2 ** retryRef.current, 10_000);
+        retryRef.current += 1;
+        window.setTimeout(connect, delay);
+      };
+
+      sock.onclose = scheduleReconnect;
+      // onerror fires before onclose; let onclose own the reconnect to avoid double.
+      sock.onerror = () => sock.close();
+    };
+
+    connect();
+
+    return () => {
+      closedRef.current = true;
+      sockRef.current?.close();
+      sockRef.current = null;
+    };
+    // qc / store setters are stable; run once on mount.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, []);
+}

apps/web/src/lib/use-shift.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchShift, type ShiftStatus } from "../api.js";
+import { qk } from "./query.js";
+
+// Shared shift status for the whole app — the header control, the booth screen's
+// per-shift log scope, and the pay/exit modal's gate all read this one Query so
+// they never disagree about whether a shift is open and whose it is. A shift is a
+// SITE-WIDE single-open accountability period (at most one open at a time). The WS
+// invalidates qk.shift on shift_open/shift_z_report/cash_movement, so this stays
+// live without polling. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+
+export interface ShiftState {
+  /** Raw status from the server (null while loading / on error). */
+  status: ShiftStatus | undefined;
+  /** Is ANY shift open site-wide? */
+  isOpen: boolean;
+  /** Is the open shift the logged-in operator's (so they may close it / operate)? */
+  isMine: boolean;
+  /** A shift is open but belongs to someone else — this operator is blocked. */
+  blockedByOther: boolean;
+  /** ISO start of the open shift, for scoping the per-shift log. */
+  startedAt: string | null;
+  /** Whoever holds the open shift (for "held by X" messaging). */
+  heldBy: string | null;
+  isLoading: boolean;
+}
+
+export function useShift(): ShiftState {
+  const q = useQuery({ queryKey: qk.shift, queryFn: fetchShift });
+  const s = q.data;
+  const isOpen = s?.open != null;
+  const isMine = s?.isMine ?? false;
+  return {
+    status: s,
+    isOpen,
+    isMine,
+    blockedByOther: isOpen && !isMine,
+    startedAt: s?.open?.startedAt ?? null,
+    heldBy: s?.open?.operator ?? null,
+    isLoading: q.isLoading,
+  };
+}

apps/web/src/main.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { StrictMode } from "react";
 import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+import "./index.css";
+import "./lib/i18n/index.js"; // initialize i18next before the app renders
 import { App } from "./App.js";
 
 const rootEl = document.getElementById("root");

apps/web/src/router.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import {
+  createRootRouteWithContext,
+  createRoute,
+  createRouter,
+  Link,
+  Outlet,
+  redirect,
+} from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import type { Lang, SessionUser } from "./api.js";
+import { closeShift, logout, openShift, setLanguagePref } from "./api.js";
+import { qk, queryClient } from "./lib/query.js";
+import { setLanguage } from "./lib/i18n/index.js";
+import { useLiveFeed } from "./lib/use-live-feed.js";
+import { useShift } from "./lib/use-shift.js";
+import { StatusDot } from "./ui/StatusDot.js";
+import { BoothScreen } from "./BoothScreen.js";
+import { SetupWizard } from "./SetupWizard.js";
+import { TariffComposer } from "./TariffComposer.js";
+import { PermitManager } from "./PermitManager.js";
+import { ShiftControl } from "./ShiftControl.js";
+import { SiteSettings } from "./SiteSettings.js";
+
+// Code-based TanStack Router (no file-based codegen — the app is small enough that
+// an explicit tree is clearer). The router context carries the signed-in user and
+// a setter so route guards can redirect by role. The root renders the terminal
+// chrome (nav + user + live status) and opens the booth WebSocket once, app-wide.
+
+export interface RouterContext {
+  user: SessionUser | null;
+  setUser: (u: SessionUser | null) => void;
+}
+
+const rootRoute = createRootRouteWithContext<RouterContext>()({
+  component: RootLayout,
+});
+
+function NavLink({ to, label }: { to: string; label: string }) {
+  return (
+    <Link
+      to={to}
+      className="px-2 py-1 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted rounded-term hover:text-term-text [&.active]:text-term-amber [&.active]:bg-term-panel-2"
+    >
+      {label}
+    </Link>
+  );
+}
+
+/** SQ/EN toggle. Persists the choice to the user's profile (restored on next login)
+ *  and applies it immediately. Updates the router-context user so App re-syncs. */
+function LanguageToggle({
+  user,
+  setUser,
+}: {
+  user: SessionUser;
+  setUser: (u: SessionUser | null) => void;
+}) {
+  async function pick(lang: Lang) {
+    if (lang === user.language) return;
+    setLanguage(lang); // instant UI
+    setUser({ ...user, language: lang });
+    try {
+      await setLanguagePref(lang); // persist
+    } catch {
+      /* non-fatal — the choice still applies this session */
+    }
+  }
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider">
+      {(["sq", "en"] as const).map((l) => (
+        <button
+          key={l}
+          type="button"
+          onClick={() => pick(l)}
+          className={`rounded-term px-1.5 py-0.5 ${
+            user.language === l ? "bg-term-panel-2 text-term-amber" : "text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+          }`}
+        >
+          {l}
+        </button>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Header shift control — the site-wide single-open shift expressed as one button:
+ *  - no shift open       → "Open shift" (enabled; opens this operator's shift)
+ *  - my shift open       → "Close shift" (enabled; signs + prints the Z-report)
+ *  - another's shift open → disabled, labelled with who holds it (you can neither
+ *    open yours nor close theirs until they hand over).
+ * On open/close it invalidates the shift status, the per-shift log, and occupancy.
+ */
+function ShiftButton() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  const { isOpen, isMine, blockedByOther, heldBy } = useShift();
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function act(kind: "open" | "close") {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setErr(null);
+    try {
+      if (kind === "open") await openShift();
+      else await closeShift();
+      // The shift boundary moves: refresh status, the per-shift log window, drawer.
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.shift });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.events });
+      void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.occupancy });
+    } catch (e) {
+      setErr((e as Error).message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Disabled when another operator holds the shift (can't open or close).
+  const label = blockedByOther
+    ? t("shift.headerHeldByShort", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" })
+    : isMine
+      ? t("shift.headerClose")
+      : t("shift.headerOpen");
+  const tone = blockedByOther
+    ? "border-term-border text-term-muted opacity-60 cursor-not-allowed"
+    : isMine
+      ? "border-term-red text-term-red hover:bg-term-red/10"
+      : "border-term-green text-term-green hover:bg-term-green/10";
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        disabled={busy || blockedByOther}
+        title={blockedByOther ? t("shift.headerHeldBy", { operator: heldBy ?? "?" }) : undefined}
+        onClick={() => act(isMine ? "close" : "open")}
+        className={`rounded-term border px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider ${tone}`}
+      >
+        {busy ? t("shift.opening") : label}
+      </button>
+      {!isOpen && (
+        <span className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">{t("shift.headerNoShift")}</span>
+      )}
+      {err && <span className="text-[10px] text-term-red">{err}</span>}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function RootLayout() {
+  const { user, setUser } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  // One app-wide WebSocket for the live feed (booth + any live widget).
+  useLiveFeed();
+  const isAdmin = user?.role === "admin";
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-screen flex-col bg-term-bg text-term-text">
+      <header className="flex items-center gap-4 border-b border-term-border bg-term-panel px-4 py-2">
+        <span className="text-sm font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-term-amber">▮ Parking</span>
+        <nav className="flex items-center gap-1">
+          <NavLink to="/booth" label={t("nav.booth")} />
+          <NavLink to="/shift" label={t("nav.shift")} />
+          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/setup" label={t("nav.setup")} />}
+          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/tariff" label={t("nav.tariff")} />}
+          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/permits" label={t("nav.permits")} />}
+          {isAdmin && <NavLink to="/site" label={t("nav.site")} />}
+        </nav>
+        <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-3">
+          {user && <ShiftButton />}
+          {user && <LanguageToggle user={user} setUser={setUser} />}
+          <StatusDot />
+          <span className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">
+            {user?.username} · {user?.role}
+          </span>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="rounded-term border border-term-border px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted hover:text-term-text"
+            onClick={async () => {
+              await logout();
+              setUser(null);
+            }}
+          >
+            {t("common.logout")}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+      <main className="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto p-3">
+        <Outlet />
+      </main>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+const indexRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/",
+  beforeLoad: () => {
+    throw redirect({ to: "/booth" });
+  },
+});
+
+const boothRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/booth",
+  component: BoothScreen,
+});
+
+const shiftRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/shift",
+  component: function ShiftRoute() {
+    const { user } = rootRoute.useRouteContext();
+    return <ShiftControl isAdmin={user?.role === "admin"} />;
+  },
+});
+
+/** Guard: admin-only routes redirect non-admins back to the booth. */
+function adminOnly(ctx: RouterContext) {
+  if (ctx.user?.role !== "admin") throw redirect({ to: "/booth" });
+}
+
+const setupRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/setup",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
+  component: () => <SetupWizard />,
+});
+const tariffRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/tariff",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
+  component: () => <TariffComposer />,
+});
+const permitsRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/permits",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
+  component: () => <PermitManager />,
+});
+const siteRoute = createRoute({
+  getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
+  path: "/site",
+  beforeLoad: ({ context }) => adminOnly(context),
+  component: () => <SiteSettings canEdit={true} />,
+});
+
+const routeTree = rootRoute.addChildren([
+  indexRoute,
+  boothRoute,
+  shiftRoute,
+  setupRoute,
+  tariffRoute,
+  permitsRoute,
+  siteRoute,
+]);
+
+export const router = createRouter({
+  routeTree,
+  context: { user: null, setUser: () => {} },
+  defaultPreload: "intent",
+});
+
+declare module "@tanstack/react-router" {
+  interface Register {
+    router: typeof router;
+  }
+}

apps/web/src/ui/Panel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+// Terminal panel: a bordered, titled box — the basic building block of the dense
+// booth layout. Title bar in amber, square corners, subtle layered surfaces.
+
+export function Panel({
+  title,
+  right,
+  children,
+  className = "",
+}: {
+  title?: string;
+  /** Optional right-aligned content in the title bar (e.g. a status dot). */
+  right?: ReactNode;
+  children: ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <section
+      className={`flex flex-col border border-term-border bg-term-panel rounded-term overflow-hidden ${className}`}
+    >
+      {title && (
+        <header className="flex items-center justify-between px-3 py-1.5 bg-term-panel-2 border-b border-term-border">
+          <h2 className="m-0 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-term-amber">
+            {title}
+          </h2>
+          {right}
+        </header>
+      )}
+      <div className="flex-1 min-h-0 p-3">{children}</div>
+    </section>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/ui/SnapshotStrip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { fetchSnapshots, snapshotImageUrl } from "../api.js";
+
+// Entry/exit evidence images for a session. Lets the operator verify the car at the
+// booth against the ticket. Thumbnails load from /api/snapshots/:id (cookie-authed,
+// served with a long immutable cache); clicking one enlarges it. Read-only.
+
+export function SnapshotStrip({ identity }: { identity: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { data, isLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["snapshots", identity],
+    queryFn: () => fetchSnapshots(identity),
+    enabled: !!identity,
+  });
+  const [zoom, setZoom] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const shots = data?.snapshots ?? [];
+
+  if (isLoading) return <div className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">{t("pay.loadingSnapshots")}</div>;
+  if (shots.length === 0) return <div className="text-[11px] text-term-muted">{t("pay.noSnapshots")}</div>;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div className="flex gap-2">
+        {shots.map((s) => (
+          <button
+            key={s.id}
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => setZoom(s.id)}
+            className="group flex flex-col items-center gap-1 rounded-term border border-term-border bg-term-panel-2 p-1 hover:border-term-amber"
+            title={`${s.direction ?? "snapshot"} · ${new Date(s.capturedAt).toLocaleString()}`}
+          >
+            <img
+              src={snapshotImageUrl(s.id)}
+              alt={s.direction ?? "snapshot"}
+              className="h-20 w-28 object-cover"
+              loading="lazy"
+            />
+            <span
+              className={`text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider ${
+                s.direction === "entry" ? "text-term-green" : s.direction === "exit" ? "text-term-red" : "text-term-muted"
+              }`}
+            >
+              {s.direction ?? "—"}
+            </span>
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      {zoom && (
+        <div
+          className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center bg-black/80 p-6"
+          onClick={() => setZoom(null)}
+        >
+          <img src={snapshotImageUrl(zoom)} alt="snapshot" className="max-h-full max-w-full object-contain" />
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/ui/StatusDot.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useLiveStore, type WsStatus } from "../lib/live-store.js";
+
+// Small live-connection indicator for the booth chrome: a coloured dot + label
+// reflecting the WebSocket status. Green = live, amber = connecting, red = down.
+
+const COLOR: Record<WsStatus, string> = {
+  open: "bg-term-green",
+  connecting: "bg-term-amber",
+  closed: "bg-term-red",
+};
+const LABEL_KEY: Record<WsStatus, string> = {
+  open: "status.live",
+  connecting: "status.connecting",
+  closed: "status.offline",
+};
+
+export function StatusDot() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const status = useLiveStore((s) => s.status);
+  return (
+    <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wider text-term-muted">
+      <span
+        className={`inline-block h-2 w-2 rounded-full ${COLOR[status]} ${status === "open" ? "" : "animate-pulse"}`}
+      />
+      {t(LABEL_KEY[status])}
+    </span>
+  );
+}

apps/web/vite.config.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
 import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite";
 import { defineConfig } from "vite";
 
 // Operator SPA. Built by Vite and served by Fastify in production
 // (see wiki/entities/react-vite-spa.md). The dev proxy points the API at the
 // local Fastify server.
 export default defineConfig({
-  plugins: [react()],
+  plugins: [react(), tailwindcss()],
   server: {
     port: 5173,
     proxy: {
       // Use 127.0.0.1 (not "localhost") so the proxy never tries IPv6 ::1
       // first and stall — the backend binds IPv4. Avoids slow/hung requests,
       // notably under WSL2 mirrored networking.
-      "/api": "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
+      "/api": {
+        target: "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
+        // The live booth feed (/api/ws) is a WebSocket — without `ws: true` the
+        // proxy would not forward the upgrade. The backend's Origin allowlist must
+        // include the dev origin (http://localhost:5173) via WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS.
+        ws: true,
+      },
       "/health": "http://127.0.0.1:3000",
     },
   },

deploy/parking-net.service

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Parking dev: pin route source addresses (WSL2 mirrored-mode fix)
+# Run after WSL has populated the mirrored interfaces/addresses.
+After=network.target wsl-pro.service
+Wants=network.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+# Idempotent; safe to re-run. Path is the repo checkout on this dev box.
+ExecStart=/home/julian/projects/JS/parking-system/deploy/wsl-fix-route-source.sh eth1
+# Mirrored-mode addresses can land slightly after boot; one retry covers the race.
+ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c 'sleep 3; /home/julian/projects/JS/parking-system/deploy/wsl-fix-route-source.sh eth1 || true'
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

deploy/wsl-fix-route-source.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# WSL2 mirrored-mode source-address fix (dev box only).
+#
+# Problem: in WSL2 mirrored networking the Windows host's interfaces — and ALL
+# their IPs — are cloned into Linux on every boot. When two device subnets land
+# on one NIC (e.g. 192.168.1.x AND 10.0.10.x on eth1), the kernel's connected
+# routes come up `scope link` with NO preferred source, and source selection can
+# pick the WRONG address (sourcing 10.0.10.x traffic from 192.168.1.123). ARP
+# still resolves (L2), so the device looks REACHABLE while every ping/TCP times
+# out. See wiki/concepts/wsl-dev-networking.md.
+#
+# Fix: for each connected `scope link` route, pin its preferred `src` to THIS
+# host's own address in that same subnet. No hardcoded IPs — derived at runtime,
+# so it also covers future device subnets. Idempotent; a no-op when nothing needs
+# fixing. Runs at boot via parking-net.service.
+#
+# Production note: the real appliance is bare-metal Linux, not WSL — there this
+# is just static networkd/netplan config. This script exists only for the dev box.
+# NB: intentionally NOT `set -e`. This is a best-effort boot fixer; an individual
+# `ip` call failing (e.g. a route not up yet) must not abort the rest.
+set -uo pipefail
+
+fix_iface() {
+  local iface="$1"
+  # Each connected /N route on this iface that the kernel manages (proto kernel,
+  # scope link) — i.e. the directly-attached subnets. Capture the full line so we
+  # can preserve attributes (notably `metric`) when we replace the route.
+  ip -4 route show dev "$iface" proto kernel scope link | while read -r line; do
+    local subnet="${line%% *}"            # e.g. "10.0.10.0/24"
+    local prefix="${subnet%/*}"
+    # Preserve a metric if the route has one (mirrored-mode routes carry e.g. 281);
+    # replacing without it would change the route's priority.
+    local metric=""
+    case "$line" in *" metric "*) metric="metric ${line##* metric }";; esac
+
+    # Find THIS host's own address inside the same subnet — the correct src.
+    local hostip=""
+    local cidr
+    for cidr in $(ip -4 -o addr show dev "$iface" | awk '{print $4}'); do
+      if ipcalc_net "$cidr" "$subnet"; then hostip="${cidr%/*}"; break; fi
+    done
+    [ -n "$hostip" ] || continue
+
+    local current
+    current=$(ip -4 route get "$prefix" 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*src \([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p' | head -1)
+    [ "$current" = "$hostip" ] && continue   # already correct — no-op
+
+    # `replace` creates-or-updates, so it works whether or not the route is
+    # present yet (avoids the boot-race RTNETLINK "No such file" that `change` hits).
+    # Non-fatal: a single failure must not abort the whole boot fixer.
+    if ip route replace "$subnet" dev "$iface" proto kernel scope link src "$hostip" $metric; then
+      echo "pinned $subnet -> src $hostip (was ${current:-none})"
+    else
+      echo "warn: could not pin $subnet -> src $hostip" >&2
+    fi
+  done
+  return 0
+}
+
+# True if address $1 (a.b.c.d/p) is inside subnet $2 (n.n.n.0/p), same prefix len.
+ipcalc_net() {
+  local addr="${1%/*}" alen="${1#*/}"
+  local net="${2%/*}" nlen="${2#*/}"
+  [ "$alen" = "$nlen" ] || return 1
+  # Compare the network part by masking both to /nlen.
+  local a n
+  a=$(mask_to_net "$addr" "$nlen")
+  n=$(mask_to_net "$net" "$nlen")
+  [ "$a" = "$n" ]
+}
+
+# Mask an IPv4 dotted-quad to its /len network address.
+mask_to_net() {
+  local ip="$1" len="$2"
+  local IFS=. ; read -r o1 o2 o3 o4 <<<"$ip"
+  local int=$(( (o1<<24) + (o2<<16) + (o3<<8) + o4 ))
+  local mask=$(( len == 0 ? 0 : (0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - len)) & 0xFFFFFFFF ))
+  local net=$(( int & mask ))
+  echo "$(( (net>>24)&255 )).$(( (net>>16)&255 )).$(( (net>>8)&255 )).$(( net&255 ))"
+}
+
+main() {
+  # Default to eth1 (the mirrored LAN NIC here); accept overrides as args.
+  local ifaces=("${@:-eth1}")
+  # Boot race: WSL mirrored mode can populate the interface's addresses/routes a
+  # beat after the unit starts. Wait (bounded) for at least one connected route
+  # to appear on the first interface before pinning.
+  local i tries=0
+  for i in "${ifaces[@]}"; do
+    while [ "$tries" -lt 15 ] \
+      && [ -z "$(ip -4 route show dev "$i" proto kernel scope link 2>/dev/null)" ]; do
+      sleep 1; tries=$((tries + 1))
+    done
+    break
+  done
+  for i in "${ifaces[@]}"; do
+    ip link show "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1 && fix_iface "$i"
+  done
+}
+
+main "$@"

packages/db/drizzle/0000_absent_rocket_raccoon.sql

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE `events` (
-	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-	`index` integer NOT NULL,
-	`type` text NOT NULL,
-	`direction` text,
-	`lane` integer NOT NULL,
-	`source` text,
-	`identity` text,
-	`occurred_at` text NOT NULL,
-	`prev_hash` text,
-	`signature` text NOT NULL
-);
---> statement-breakpoint
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `events_index_unique` ON `events` (`index`);--> statement-breakpoint
-CREATE TABLE `users` (
-	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-	`username` text NOT NULL,
-	`password_hash` text NOT NULL,
-	`role` text NOT NULL,
-	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
-);
---> statement-breakpoint
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `users_username_unique` ON `users` (`username`);

packages/db/drizzle/0000_baseline.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+CREATE TABLE `blocklist` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`kind` text NOT NULL,
+	`value` text NOT NULL,
+	`reason` text,
+	`active` integer DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
+	`added_by` text,
+	`added_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `device_events` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`device_id` text,
+	`category` text,
+	`kind` text NOT NULL,
+	`detail` text,
+	`occurred_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `devices` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`category` text NOT NULL,
+	`driver_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`config` text NOT NULL,
+	`enabled` integer DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `ledger_events` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`index` integer NOT NULL,
+	`type` text NOT NULL,
+	`direction` text,
+	`source` text,
+	`identity` text,
+	`payload` text,
+	`occurred_at` text NOT NULL,
+	`prev_hash` text,
+	`signature` text NOT NULL,
+	`key_id` text NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `ledger_events_index_unique` ON `ledger_events` (`index`);--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `permit_credentials` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`permit_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`kind` text NOT NULL,
+	`value` text NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `permit_plates` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`permit_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`plate` text NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `permits` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`holder_name` text,
+	`contact` text,
+	`max_concurrent` integer DEFAULT 1,
+	`valid_from` text,
+	`valid_to` text,
+	`status` text DEFAULT 'active' NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `sessions` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`identity` text,
+	`source` text,
+	`permit_id` text,
+	`entered_at` text NOT NULL,
+	`exited_at` text,
+	`state` text DEFAULT 'open' NOT NULL,
+	`last_event_index` integer
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `setup_state` (
+	`id` integer PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`completed_at` text
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `site_config` (
+	`id` integer PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`capacity` integer,
+	`updated_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `snapshots` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`direction` text NOT NULL,
+	`device_id` text,
+	`identity` text,
+	`content_type` text NOT NULL,
+	`bytes` blob NOT NULL,
+	`captured_at` text NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `tariff_versions` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`tariff_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`effective_from` text NOT NULL,
+	`currency` text NOT NULL,
+	`structure` text NOT NULL,
+	`created_by` text,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `tariffs` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`scope` text DEFAULT 'site' NOT NULL,
+	`name` text NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE `users` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	`username` text NOT NULL,
+	`password_hash` text NOT NULL,
+	`role` text NOT NULL,
+	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `users_username_unique` ON `users` (`username`);

packages/db/drizzle/0001_cuddly_maria_hill.sql

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE `lane_devices` (
-	`id` text PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-	`lane` integer NOT NULL,
-	`category` text NOT NULL,
-	`driver_id` text NOT NULL,
-	`config` text NOT NULL,
-	`enabled` integer DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
-	`created_at` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
-);
---> statement-breakpoint
-CREATE TABLE `setup_state` (
-	`id` integer PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-	`completed_at` text
-);

packages/db/drizzle/0001_neat_slipstream.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `park_name` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `operator_name` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `nius` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `address` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `phone` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `email` text;

packages/db/drizzle/0002_panoramic_tiger_shark.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `site_config` ADD `exit_voucher_default` integer DEFAULT false NOT NULL;

packages/db/drizzle/0003_early_hawkeye.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE `users` ADD `language` text DEFAULT 'sq' NOT NULL;

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0000_snapshot.json

@@ -1,11 +1,179 @@
 {
   "version": "6",
   "dialect": "sqlite",
-  "id": "721bbb8f-b929-4018-9420-0ae75b03ff93",
+  "id": "a6d81d46-c4a4-4ee7-8565-ec012bbe0252",
   "prevId": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
   "tables": {
-    "events": {
-      "name": "events",
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
       "columns": {
         "id": {
           "name": "id",
@@ -35,13 +203,6 @@
           "notNull": false,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "lane": {
-          "name": "lane",
-          "type": "integer",
-          "primaryKey": false,
-          "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        },
         "source": {
           "name": "source",
           "type": "text",
@@ -56,6 +217,13 @@
           "notNull": false,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
         "occurred_at": {
           "name": "occurred_at",
           "type": "text",
@@ -76,11 +244,18 @@
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": true,
           "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
         }
       },
       "indexes": {
-        "events_index_unique": {
-          "name": "events_index_unique",
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
           "columns": [
             "index"
           ],
@@ -92,6 +267,426 @@
       "uniqueConstraints": {},
       "checkConstraints": {}
     },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
     "users": {
       "name": "users",
       "columns": {

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0001_snapshot.json

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 {
   "version": "6",
   "dialect": "sqlite",
-  "id": "1073123c-0df9-4109-84bf-7f23b95ec5bd",
-  "prevId": "721bbb8f-b929-4018-9420-0ae75b03ff93",
+  "id": "2cfc13fa-43fc-4f89-8438-7b9bcaf7ea3b",
+  "prevId": "a6d81d46-c4a4-4ee7-8565-ec012bbe0252",
   "tables": {
-    "events": {
-      "name": "events",
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
       "columns": {
         "id": {
           "name": "id",
@@ -14,43 +14,90 @@
           "notNull": true,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "index": {
-          "name": "index",
-          "type": "integer",
-          "primaryKey": false,
-          "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        },
-        "type": {
-          "name": "type",
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
           "type": "text",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": true,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "direction": {
-          "name": "direction",
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
           "type": "text",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": false,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "lane": {
-          "name": "lane",
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
           "type": "integer",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
         },
-        "source": {
-          "name": "source",
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
           "type": "text",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": false,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "identity": {
-          "name": "identity",
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
           "type": "text",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": false,
@@ -61,39 +108,18 @@
           "type": "text",
           "primaryKey": false,
           "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        },
-        "prev_hash": {
-          "name": "prev_hash",
-          "type": "text",
-          "primaryKey": false,
-          "notNull": false,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        },
-        "signature": {
-          "name": "signature",
-          "type": "text",
-          "primaryKey": false,
-          "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        }
-      },
-      "indexes": {
-        "events_index_unique": {
-          "name": "events_index_unique",
-          "columns": [
-            "index"
-          ],
-          "isUnique": true
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
         }
       },
+      "indexes": {},
       "foreignKeys": {},
       "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
       "uniqueConstraints": {},
       "checkConstraints": {}
     },
-    "lane_devices": {
-      "name": "lane_devices",
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
       "columns": {
         "id": {
           "name": "id",
@@ -102,13 +128,6 @@
           "notNull": true,
           "autoincrement": false
         },
-        "lane": {
-          "name": "lane",
-          "type": "integer",
-          "primaryKey": false,
-          "notNull": true,
-          "autoincrement": false
-        },
         "category": {
           "name": "category",
           "type": "text",
@@ -153,6 +172,306 @@
       "uniqueConstraints": {},
       "checkConstraints": {}
     },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
     "setup_state": {
       "name": "setup_state",
       "columns": {
@@ -177,6 +496,239 @@
       "uniqueConstraints": {},
       "checkConstraints": {}
     },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
     "users": {
       "name": "users",
       "columns": {

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0002_snapshot.json

@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+{
+  "version": "6",
+  "dialect": "sqlite",
+  "id": "dbee8e05-0b49-4af7-962c-9aab53b36eb7",
+  "prevId": "2cfc13fa-43fc-4f89-8438-7b9bcaf7ea3b",
+  "tables": {
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exit_voucher_default": {
+          "name": "exit_voucher_default",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "users": {
+      "name": "users",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "username": {
+          "name": "username",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "password_hash": {
+          "name": "password_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "role": {
+          "name": "role",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "users_username_unique": {
+          "name": "users_username_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "username"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "views": {},
+  "enums": {},
+  "_meta": {
+    "schemas": {},
+    "tables": {},
+    "columns": {}
+  },
+  "internal": {
+    "indexes": {}
+  }
+}

packages/db/drizzle/meta/0003_snapshot.json

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+{
+  "version": "6",
+  "dialect": "sqlite",
+  "id": "620eba1b-2c7e-4bd4-8b3e-c779a69e87b9",
+  "prevId": "dbee8e05-0b49-4af7-962c-9aab53b36eb7",
+  "tables": {
+    "blocklist": {
+      "name": "blocklist",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "reason": {
+          "name": "reason",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "active": {
+          "name": "active",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "added_by": {
+          "name": "added_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "added_at": {
+          "name": "added_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "device_events": {
+      "name": "device_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "detail": {
+          "name": "detail",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "devices": {
+      "name": "devices",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "category": {
+          "name": "category",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "driver_id": {
+          "name": "driver_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "config": {
+          "name": "config",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "enabled": {
+          "name": "enabled",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": true
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "ledger_events": {
+      "name": "ledger_events",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "index": {
+          "name": "index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "name": "type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "payload": {
+          "name": "payload",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "occurred_at": {
+          "name": "occurred_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "prev_hash": {
+          "name": "prev_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "signature": {
+          "name": "signature",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "key_id": {
+          "name": "key_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "ledger_events_index_unique": {
+          "name": "ledger_events_index_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "index"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_credentials": {
+      "name": "permit_credentials",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "kind": {
+          "name": "kind",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "name": "value",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permit_plates": {
+      "name": "permit_plates",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "plate": {
+          "name": "plate",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "permits": {
+      "name": "permits",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "holder_name": {
+          "name": "holder_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "contact",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "max_concurrent": {
+          "name": "max_concurrent",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": 1
+        },
+        "valid_from": {
+          "name": "valid_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "valid_to": {
+          "name": "valid_to",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "status": {
+          "name": "status",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'active'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "name": "sessions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "name": "source",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "permit_id": {
+          "name": "permit_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "entered_at": {
+          "name": "entered_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exited_at": {
+          "name": "exited_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "state": {
+          "name": "state",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'open'"
+        },
+        "last_event_index": {
+          "name": "last_event_index",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "setup_state": {
+      "name": "setup_state",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "completed_at": {
+          "name": "completed_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "site_config": {
+      "name": "site_config",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "capacity": {
+          "name": "capacity",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "park_name": {
+          "name": "park_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "operator_name": {
+          "name": "operator_name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "nius": {
+          "name": "nius",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "address": {
+          "name": "address",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "phone": {
+          "name": "phone",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "email": {
+          "name": "email",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "exit_voucher_default": {
+          "name": "exit_voucher_default",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": false
+        },
+        "updated_at": {
+          "name": "updated_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "snapshots": {
+      "name": "snapshots",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "direction": {
+          "name": "direction",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "device_id": {
+          "name": "device_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "identity": {
+          "name": "identity",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "content_type": {
+          "name": "content_type",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+          "name": "bytes",
+          "type": "blob",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "captured_at": {
+          "name": "captured_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariff_versions": {
+      "name": "tariff_versions",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "tariff_id": {
+          "name": "tariff_id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "effective_from": {
+          "name": "effective_from",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "currency": {
+          "name": "currency",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "structure": {
+          "name": "structure",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_by": {
+          "name": "created_by",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": false,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "tariffs": {
+      "name": "tariffs",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "scope": {
+          "name": "scope",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'site'"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "name": "name",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {},
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    },
+    "users": {
+      "name": "users",
+      "columns": {
+        "id": {
+          "name": "id",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": true,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "username": {
+          "name": "username",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "password_hash": {
+          "name": "password_hash",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "role": {
+          "name": "role",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false
+        },
+        "language": {
+          "name": "language",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "'sq'"
+        },
+        "created_at": {
+          "name": "created_at",
+          "type": "text",
+          "primaryKey": false,
+          "notNull": true,
+          "autoincrement": false,
+          "default": "(current_timestamp)"
+        }
+      },
+      "indexes": {
+        "users_username_unique": {
+          "name": "users_username_unique",
+          "columns": [
+            "username"
+          ],
+          "isUnique": true
+        }
+      },
+      "foreignKeys": {},
+      "compositePrimaryKeys": {},
+      "uniqueConstraints": {},
+      "checkConstraints": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "views": {},
+  "enums": {},
+  "_meta": {
+    "schemas": {},
+    "tables": {},
+    "columns": {}
+  },
+  "internal": {
+    "indexes": {}
+  }
+}

packages/db/drizzle/meta/_journal.json

@@ -5,15 +5,29 @@
     {
       "idx": 0,
       "version": "6",
-      "when": 1781389618205,
-      "tag": "0000_absent_rocket_raccoon",
+      "when": 1781632874398,
+      "tag": "0000_baseline",
       "breakpoints": true
     },
     {
       "idx": 1,
       "version": "6",
-      "when": 1781416636098,
-      "tag": "0001_cuddly_maria_hill",
+      "when": 1781682176094,
+      "tag": "0001_neat_slipstream",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 2,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781713560438,
+      "tag": "0002_panoramic_tiger_shark",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 3,
+      "version": "6",
+      "when": 1781774228086,
+      "tag": "0003_early_hawkeye",
       "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]

packages/db/src/index.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as schema from "./schema.js";
 export * from "./schema.js";
 // Re-export the query helpers consumers need, so they don't depend on
 // drizzle-orm directly (it's an implementation detail of this package).
-export { eq, and, desc, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+export { eq, and, desc, gte, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
 
 /**
  * Open the local SQLite database in WAL mode. WAL allows many concurrent readers

packages/db/src/schema.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
-import { integer, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
+import { blob, integer, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
 
 // Schema notes:
-// - `events` is APPEND-ONLY. Never expose UPDATE/DELETE on it. A correction or
-//   void is a new row of type 'void'. Each row chains to the previous via
-//   `prevHash` and is signed by the ATECC608 (`signature`). This is the core
-//   anti-fraud integrity mechanism. See wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md.
+// - TWO event streams, deliberately separate (see wiki/decisions/event-streams-split.md):
+//     • `ledger_events` — the APPEND-ONLY, hash-chained, ATECC608-SIGNED business ledger.
+//       Never UPDATE/DELETE. A correction or void is a new row of type 'void'. Each row
+//       chains via `prevHash` and is signed (`signature`). The anti-fraud record; sessions,
+//       tariffs and occupancy are PROJECTIONS over it. See append-only-event-chain.md.
+//     • `device_events` — UNSIGNED operational telemetry (relay/printer/camera/reader/input).
+//       High-volume, prunable, never reconciled. See wiki/concepts/device-events.md.
+// - Business master data (tariffs/permits/blocklist) IS mutable, but its USE is fixed in a
+//   signed ledger event, so the audit trail stays append-only. Tariffs are versioned:
+//   editing publishes a new immutable tariff_version. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
 // - `users` holds bcrypt hashes + a role; auth is fully local (offline-first).
 //   See wiki/entities/local-jwt-auth.md.
 
@@ -16,35 +22,99 @@ export const users = sqliteTable("users", {
   role: text("role", {
     enum: ["admin", "operator", "cashier", "readonly"],
   }).notNull(),
+  // Preferred UI language for this user (operator-facing). Loaded on login and
+  // restored from any booth. Albanian is the default. Printed tickets are NOT
+  // governed by this — they're always Albanian (customer-facing). See i18n.md.
+  language: text("language", { enum: ["sq", "en"] })
+    .notNull()
+    .default("sq"),
   createdAt: text("created_at")
     .notNull()
     .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
 });
 
-export const events = sqliteTable("events", {
+// --- The signed business ledger (formerly `events`) ----------------------
+// Holds ONLY business/accountability facts: vehicle_entry, vehicle_exit, payment,
+// void, shift_z_report, plus witness-grade barrier_open_command/observed, anomaly.
+// `payload` carries type-specific data (amount, tariffVersionId, sessionRef, tender,
+// plate confidence…) and is part of the SIGNED canonical form, so it is tamper-evident
+// like the rest of the row. See packages/shared ParkingEventType + LedgerPayload.
+export const ledgerEvents = sqliteTable("ledger_events", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
   // Monotonic chain index. Gaps are alarms (see event-log-ingestion).
   index: integer("index").notNull().unique(),
   type: text("type").notNull(),
   direction: text("direction", { enum: ["entry", "exit"] }),
-  lane: integer("lane").notNull(),
   source: text("source"),
   identity: text("identity"),
+  // Type-specific business payload (JSON). Signed as part of the canonical form.
+  payload: text("payload", { mode: "json" }).$type<Record<string, unknown>>(),
   occurredAt: text("occurred_at").notNull(),
   // Hash of the previous event (hex). Null only for the genesis event.
   prevHash: text("prev_hash"),
   // ATECC608 signature over the canonical event payload (hex).
   signature: text("signature").notNull(),
+  // Which signer/key produced `signature` (e.g. "sw-hmac-v1", "atecc608-slot0"),
+  // so old events stay verifiable across a signer swap. See packages/shared Signer.
+  keyId: text("key_id").notNull(),
 });
 
-// Per-lane device assignments chosen by the admin during first-run setup.
-// One row per (lane, category, instance). `driverId` references a driver in the
-// @parking/devices registry; `config` is that driver's JSON config (host, port,
-// credentials…). Lets the system stay device-agnostic and admin-configurable.
-// See wiki/concepts/device-registry.md and first-run-setup.md.
-export const laneDevices = sqliteTable("lane_devices", {
+// --- Device telemetry (unsigned, prunable) -------------------------------
+// Operational monitoring, NOT anti-fraud: relay fired, printer paper-out, camera
+// offline, reader read, raw input edges. Keyed to a `devices` instance. No
+// prevHash/signature — this stream may rotate/prune.
+export const deviceEvents = sqliteTable("device_events", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  // The `devices` instance that produced it (raw provenance).
+  deviceId: text("device_id"),
+  category: text("category", {
+    enum: ["access", "reader", "camera", "printer"],
+  }),
+  // e.g. "input", "relay", "status", "read", "snapshot".
+  kind: text("kind").notNull(),
+  // Free-form telemetry detail (input number + edge, status flags, error…).
+  detail: text("detail", { mode: "json" }).$type<Record<string, unknown>>(),
+  occurredAt: text("occurred_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+// --- Camera snapshots (unsigned, prunable, blob-in-DB) -------------------
+// An entry/exit snapshot captured asynchronously AFTER the barrier opens — evidence,
+// not a gate (camera failure never blocks an open; see entry/exit flows). Stored as a
+// BLOB so the appliance keeps a single backed-up file with nothing scattered on disk.
+// Kept in its own table (not inline in device_events) so the hot telemetry scans don't
+// drag image bytes, and so images can be pruned independently. The signed
+// vehicle_entry/exit references a snapshot by `id` in its payload — the image is an
+// independent record (anti-fraud), unsigned and prunable. Retention policy is an open
+// question — see wiki/concepts/entry-exit-points.md. Served via GET /api/snapshots/:id.
+export const snapshots = sqliteTable("snapshots", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  direction: text("direction", { enum: ["entry", "exit"] }).notNull(),
+  // The camera `devices` instance that captured it (raw provenance).
+  deviceId: text("device_id"),
+  // The session/credential ref (ticket id, plate, permit) — links to the ledger event.
+  identity: text("identity"),
+  contentType: text("content_type").notNull(),
+  bytes: blob("bytes").notNull().$type<Buffer>(),
+  capturedAt: text("captured_at").notNull(),
+});
+
+// --- Device assignments (first-run setup) --------------------------------
+// One row per device instance. `driverId` references a driver in the @parking/devices
+// registry; `config` is that driver's JSON config. There is NO lane: a parking lot is
+// one pool of spaces with a flexible set of entry/exit points. Direction lives INSIDE
+// the config, per the hardware:
+//   - access controller: config.relays = [{ relay, direction: entry|exit|both, button? }]
+//     — one physical board has several relays; each relay opens one barrier in one
+//     direction (or both). `button` = the input terminal the entry button is wired to
+//     (transient entry trigger; absent = no button at that barrier).
+//   - reader / camera: config.controllerId + config.relay BIND it to the barrier it sits
+//     at; its direction is INHERITED from that relay. Unbound → falls back to a
+//     direction picked in config.
+// See device-registry.md, first-run-setup.md, wiki/concepts/entry-exit-points.md.
+export const devices = sqliteTable("devices", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  lane: integer("lane").notNull(),
   category: text("category", {
     enum: ["access", "reader", "camera", "printer"],
   }).notNull(),
@@ -64,7 +134,162 @@ export const setupState = sqliteTable("setup_state", {
   completedAt: text("completed_at"),
 });
 
+// Single-row site settings (admin-configurable). The home for site-wide knobs;
+// `capacity` is the nominal space count the FULL gate refuses transient entry at
+// (null = no cap). See wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md.
+// Park identity/metadata (all optional) lives here too — display name, the legal
+// operator, the NIUS tax id, address and contact. These feed the ticket/receipt
+// header (park name + NIUS are commonly required on an Albanian parking receipt)
+// and admin display. All nullable: the lot runs fine with none set.
+// See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
+export const siteConfig = sqliteTable("site_config", {
+  id: integer("id").primaryKey(), // always 1
+  capacity: integer("capacity"), // null = no capacity limit
+  /** Park display name shown on the ticket header / UI (e.g. "Acme Parking"). */
+  parkName: text("park_name"),
+  /** Legal entity operating the lot, for receipts (may differ from parkName). */
+  operatorName: text("operator_name"),
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number, printed on the receipt when set. */
+  nius: text("nius"),
+  /** Free-text postal address (multi-line allowed). */
+  address: text("address"),
+  /** Contact phone — also used for the ticket "lost ticket? call …" footer. */
+  phone: text("phone"),
+  /** Contact email. */
+  email: text("email"),
+  /** Default for the booth pay modal's "print exit ticket" checkbox. Site-wide
+   *  because it's booth GEOGRAPHY: when the booth is far from the exit, the
+   *  customer pays at the booth and self-exits later by scanning a printed exit
+   *  voucher (= the ticket id reprinted, now paid). When near the exit, the booth
+   *  opens the barrier directly. The operator may still override per transaction.
+   *  Stored 0/1 (SQLite has no bool). See wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md. */
+  exitVoucherDefault: integer("exit_voucher_default", { mode: "boolean" })
+    .notNull()
+    .default(false),
+  updatedAt: text("updated_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+// --- Tariffs (composable, versioned) -------------------------------------
+// A `tariffs` row is a logical rate card; its pricing lives in immutable, effective-
+// dated `tariff_versions`. Editing prices PUBLISHES a new version, never mutates one.
+// A session reprices against the version in force at its entry time; the `payment`
+// ledger event records the tariffVersionId used. "One active tariff per site" today;
+// `scope` lets multiple be added later without migration. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+export const tariffs = sqliteTable("tariffs", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  // Only "site" used now; "zone" reserved for multi-tariff later.
+  scope: text("scope", { enum: ["site", "zone"] }).notNull().default("site"),
+  name: text("name").notNull(),
+  createdAt: text("created_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+export const tariffVersions = sqliteTable("tariff_versions", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  tariffId: text("tariff_id").notNull(),
+  // The version is in force from this instant (latest with effectiveFrom ≤ entry wins).
+  effectiveFrom: text("effective_from").notNull(),
+  // ISO 4217; selectable. Money everywhere is { minorUnits, currency }, never a float.
+  currency: text("currency").notNull(),
+  // The composable rate card (stepped blocks + caps/grace). Shape: TariffStructure
+  // in packages/shared. Immutable once published.
+  structure: text("structure", { mode: "json" }).notNull().$type<Record<string, unknown>>(),
+  createdBy: text("created_by"),
+  createdAt: text("created_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+// --- Permits (subscriptions) ---------------------------------------------
+// Mutable master data; every USE produces a signed vehicle_entry/exit ledger event.
+// Two optional, independent bindings: car-count (maxConcurrent, default 1, null =
+// unbound) and plate (plates rows, default none = any car). Identity = card/QR OR a
+// matching plate. Credentials and cars are child rows. See wiki/entities/permit.md.
+export const permits = sqliteTable("permits", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  holderName: text("holder_name"),
+  contact: text("contact"),
+  // Car-count binding: how many of the permit's cars may be inside at once.
+  // null = unbound. Default 1.
+  maxConcurrent: integer("max_concurrent").default(1),
+  validFrom: text("valid_from"),
+  validTo: text("valid_to"),
+  status: text("status", { enum: ["active", "suspended", "revoked"] })
+    .notNull()
+    .default("active"),
+  createdAt: text("created_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+// A permit's credentials (RF tag/chip/card, or QR). Either opens the lane.
+export const permitCredentials = sqliteTable("permit_credentials", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  kind: text("kind", { enum: ["rf", "qr"] }).notNull(),
+  value: text("value").notNull(),
+});
+
+// Plate binding (optional). When a permit has plate rows, a matching plate read is
+// itself an accepted identity (card/QR OR plate). Empty = not plate-bound (any car).
+export const permitPlates = sqliteTable("permit_plates", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  permitId: text("permit_id").notNull(),
+  plate: text("plate").notNull(),
+});
+
+// --- Blocklist (banlist) -------------------------------------------------
+// Plates/cards refused at ENTRY (never at exit — never trap a vehicle). A hit appends
+// a signed anomaly/refused-entry ledger event. See wiki/entities/blocklist.md.
+export const blocklist = sqliteTable("blocklist", {
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  kind: text("kind", { enum: ["plate", "card", "qr"] }).notNull(),
+  value: text("value").notNull(),
+  reason: text("reason"),
+  active: integer("active", { mode: "boolean" }).notNull().default(true),
+  addedBy: text("added_by"),
+  addedAt: text("added_at")
+    .notNull()
+    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
+});
+
+// --- Sessions (PROJECTION cache) -----------------------------------------
+// NOT a source of truth — a rebuildable fold over ledger_events for fast queries
+// (occupancy, pay-station lookup, anti-passback, plate search). Always reconstructable
+// from the signed chain; never the authority for "paid". See wiki/concepts/parking-session.md.
+export const sessions = sqliteTable("sessions", {
+  // The session key = the entry's identity (ticket id or plate).
+  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+  // Identity that opened the session, and how it was read.
+  identity: text("identity"),
+  source: text("source"),
+  // null while transient; set when matched to a permit.
+  permitId: text("permit_id"),
+  enteredAt: text("entered_at").notNull(),
+  // null until exit; presence = CLOSED.
+  exitedAt: text("exited_at"),
+  // Derived state for quick filtering: open | paid | closed | voided.
+  state: text("state", { enum: ["open", "paid", "closed", "voided"] })
+    .notNull()
+    .default("open"),
+  // Index of the last ledger event folded into this row (cache freshness / rebuild).
+  lastEventIndex: integer("last_event_index"),
+});
+
 export type UserRow = typeof users.$inferSelect;
-export type EventRow = typeof events.$inferSelect;
-export type LaneDeviceRow = typeof laneDevices.$inferSelect;
+export type LedgerEventRow = typeof ledgerEvents.$inferSelect;
+export type DeviceEventRow = typeof deviceEvents.$inferSelect;
+export type SnapshotRow = typeof snapshots.$inferSelect;
+export type DeviceRow = typeof devices.$inferSelect;
 export type SetupStateRow = typeof setupState.$inferSelect;
+export type SiteConfigRow = typeof siteConfig.$inferSelect;
+export type TariffRow = typeof tariffs.$inferSelect;
+export type TariffVersionRow = typeof tariffVersions.$inferSelect;
+export type PermitRow = typeof permits.$inferSelect;
+export type PermitCredentialRow = typeof permitCredentials.$inferSelect;
+export type PermitPlateRow = typeof permitPlates.$inferSelect;
+export type BlocklistRow = typeof blocklist.$inferSelect;
+export type SessionRow = typeof sessions.$inferSelect;

packages/devices/src/drivers/access-dingtian.ts

@@ -721,6 +721,7 @@ export const dingtianDriver: AccessDriver = {
   description:
     "Dingtian network relay+input board (UDP). Inputs are decoupled from relays — enables host-in-the-loop entry. Unauthenticated UDP: isolate the VLAN.",
   transports: ["udp"],
+  pushesToBackend: true, // HTTP-pushes input/button events to the backend (Input Link URL)
   configFields: [
     hostField,
     { ...portField(60001), required: false, help: "Dingtian string protocol UDP port — status read (default 60001)." },

packages/devices/src/drivers/access-stub.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import type { AccessControlDevice, DeviceHealth } from "../interfaces.js";
+import type { AccessDriver, DeviceConfig } from "../registry.js";
+import { stubLog } from "./common.js";
+
+// Stub access controller — a no-op barrier for BENCH TESTING the entry/exit/permit
+// flows without real relay hardware. `pulseOpen` just logs "intent to open"; it
+// performs no device I/O, so it can stand in on a lane while the real
+// [[dingtian-relay]] isn't connected. NOT for production. See first-run-setup.md.
+
+class StubAccess implements AccessControlDevice {
+  readonly driverId = "stub-access";
+  constructor(_config: DeviceConfig) {}
+  async connect(): Promise<void> {}
+  async disconnect(): Promise<void> {}
+  async healthCheck(): Promise<DeviceHealth> {
+    return { status: "ready", detail: "stub (no real barrier)" };
+  }
+  async pulseOpen(doorId: number): Promise<void> {
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `pulseOpen door ${doorId} (stub — no relay fired)`);
+  }
+  async getDoorStatus(): Promise<"open" | "closed"> {
+    return "closed";
+  }
+}
+
+export const stubAccessDriver: AccessDriver = {
+  id: "stub-access",
+  category: "access",
+  label: "Stub barrier (bench testing — no relay)",
+  description:
+    "A no-op access controller for testing the flows without hardware. pulseOpen only logs; no relay is fired. Not for production.",
+  transports: ["tcp-ip"],
+  configFields: [],
+  create: (c) => new StubAccess(c),
+};

packages/devices/src/drivers/camera.ts

@@ -1,57 +1,120 @@
 import type { CameraDevice, DeviceHealth, Snapshot, SnapshotContext } from "../interfaces.js";
-import type { CameraDriver, DeviceConfig } from "../registry.js";
+import type { CameraDriver, ConfigField, DeviceConfig } from "../registry.js";
 import { hostField, passwordField, portField, usernameField, stubLog } from "./common.js";
+import { digestGet } from "./http-digest.js";
 
-// Camera drivers — entry/exit snapshot-on-event. The image is stored and
-// referenced from the signed event as an independent fraud-control record.
-// Hikvision (ISAPI) and Dahua (CGI) differ only in the snapshot URL. STUBS only.
+// Camera drivers — entry/exit snapshot-on-event. The host pulls a still over
+// HTTP when an event fires; the bytes are stored and referenced from the signed
+// event as an independent fraud-control record (the camera PULLS, it never pushes
+// to us). Hikvision (ISAPI) and Dahua (CGI) differ only in the snapshot URL and
+// channel encoding. Both use HTTP Digest auth (see ./http-digest.ts).
+//
+// VERIFIED on hardware (2026-06-15): a Hikvision unit at 10.0.10.121 returns a
+// 2688×1520 JPEG from /ISAPI/Streaming/channels/101/picture with Digest auth.
+// See wiki/entities/lpr-camera.md.
+
+const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 8000;
+
+class HttpCamera implements CameraDevice {
+  readonly #host: string;
+  readonly #port: number;
+  readonly #user: string;
+  readonly #password: string;
+  readonly #channel: number;
+  readonly #timeout: number;
+  // Source outbound from the device-facing NIC on a multi-homed host (the
+  // multi-subnet source-address trap — see wiki/concepts/wsl-dev-networking.md).
+  readonly #localAddress: string | undefined;
 
-class StubCamera implements CameraDevice {
   constructor(
     readonly driverId: string,
-    protected readonly config: DeviceConfig,
-    protected readonly snapshotPath: string,
-  ) {}
-  async connect(): Promise<void> {
-    stubLog(this.driverId, `connect ${this.config.host} (${this.snapshotPath})`);
-  }
-  async disconnect(): Promise<void> {
-    stubLog(this.driverId, "disconnect");
+    config: DeviceConfig,
+    /** Builds the snapshot path from the configured channel. */
+    private readonly snapshotPath: (channel: number) => string,
+  ) {
+    this.#host = String(config.host);
+    this.#port = Number(config.port ?? 80);
+    this.#user = String(config.username ?? "");
+    this.#password = String(config.password ?? "");
+    this.#channel = Number(config.channel ?? 1);
+    this.#timeout = Number(config.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    this.#localAddress = config.localAddress ? String(config.localAddress) : undefined;
   }
+
+  async connect(): Promise<void> {}
+  async disconnect(): Promise<void> {}
+
   async healthCheck(): Promise<DeviceHealth> {
-    return { status: "ready", detail: "stub" };
+    // The only honest liveness probe for a snapshot camera is to actually pull a
+    // frame: it exercises reachability + auth + the path/channel in one shot.
+    try {
+      const res = await this.#get();
+      if (res.status === 200) return { status: "ready", detail: `${res.body.length} bytes` };
+      if (res.status === 401) return { status: "degraded", detail: "auth rejected (check username/password)" };
+      return { status: "degraded", detail: `HTTP ${res.status}` };
+    } catch (err) {
+      return { status: "offline", detail: (err as Error).message };
     }
+  }
+
   async captureSnapshot(ctx: SnapshotContext): Promise<Snapshot> {
-    // Real driver: GET http(s)://host{snapshotPath}, store bytes, return ref.
-    stubLog(this.driverId, `captureSnapshot lane=${ctx.lane} ${ctx.direction}`);
+    const res = await this.#get();
+    if (res.status !== 200) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `${this.driverId} snapshot failed (${ctx.direction}): HTTP ${res.status}`,
+      );
+    }
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `captureSnapshot ${ctx.direction} (${res.body.length} bytes)`);
     return {
-      imageRef: `stub://${this.driverId}/lane${ctx.lane}/${ctx.direction}/${Date.now()}`,
-      contentType: "image/jpeg",
+      bytes: res.body,
+      contentType: res.contentType || "image/jpeg",
       capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
     };
   }
+
+  #get() {
+    return digestGet({
+      host: this.#host,
+      port: this.#port,
+      path: this.snapshotPath(this.#channel),
+      user: this.#user,
+      password: this.#password,
+      timeoutMs: this.#timeout,
+      localAddress: this.#localAddress,
+    });
+  }
 }
 
-const cameraConfigFields = [hostField, portField(80), usernameField, passwordField, { key: "channel", label: "Channel", type: "number" as const, required: false, default: 1 }];
+const channelField: ConfigField = {
+  key: "channel",
+  label: "Channel",
+  type: "number",
+  required: false,
+  default: 1,
+};
+
+const cameraConfigFields = [hostField, portField(80), usernameField, passwordField, channelField];
 
 export const hikvisionDriver: CameraDriver = {
   id: "hikvision",
   category: "camera",
   label: "Hikvision camera",
-  description: "Hikvision snapshot via ISAPI.",
+  description: "Hikvision snapshot via ISAPI (HTTP Digest).",
   transports: ["tcp-ip"],
   configFields: cameraConfigFields,
-  // /ISAPI/Streaming/channels/<id>/picture
-  create: (c) => new StubCamera("hikvision", c, "/ISAPI/Streaming/channels/101/picture"),
+  // ISAPI channel id: <channel><stream>, e.g. ch1 main = 101, ch2 main = 201.
+  create: (c) =>
+    new HttpCamera("hikvision", c, (ch) => `/ISAPI/Streaming/channels/${ch}01/picture`),
 };
 
 export const dahuaDriver: CameraDriver = {
   id: "dahua",
   category: "camera",
   label: "Dahua camera",
-  description: "Dahua snapshot via CGI.",
+  description: "Dahua snapshot via CGI (HTTP Digest).",
   transports: ["tcp-ip"],
   configFields: cameraConfigFields,
-  // /cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi?channel=<n>
-  create: (c) => new StubCamera("dahua", c, "/cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi"),
+  // Dahua channels are 0-based on the CGI; the admin enters 1-based.
+  create: (c) =>
+    new HttpCamera("dahua", c, (ch) => `/cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi?channel=${Math.max(0, ch - 1)}`),
 };

packages/devices/src/drivers/http-digest.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import { createHash, randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
+import { request as httpRequest } from "node:http";
+import type { IncomingMessage } from "node:http";
+
+// Client-side HTTP Digest auth (RFC 2617, MD5, qop=auth) for talking TO devices
+// that challenge with `WWW-Authenticate: Digest` — e.g. Hikvision ISAPI cameras.
+// (The server-side counterpart, which VERIFIES device→backend pushes, lives in
+// apps/server/src/digest-auth.ts.) Devices on the isolated VLAN can't present a
+// trusted TLS cert, so plain-HTTP Digest is the available auth: the password is
+// never on the wire, only a nonce-keyed hash. See wiki/concepts/network-isolation.md.
+
+const md5 = (s: string) => createHash("md5").update(s).digest("hex");
+
+/** Parse a `WWW-Authenticate: Digest …` header into its k=v fields. */
+function parseChallenge(header: string): Record<string, string> {
+  const out: Record<string, string> = {};
+  const re = /(\w+)=(?:"([^"]*)"|([^,]*))/g;
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((m = re.exec(header))) out[m[1]!] = (m[2] ?? m[3] ?? "").trim();
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Build the `Authorization: Digest …` response value for a challenge. */
+function buildAuthHeader(
+  c: Record<string, string>,
+  user: string,
+  password: string,
+  method: string,
+  uri: string,
+): string {
+  const realm = c.realm ?? "";
+  const nonce = c.nonce ?? "";
+  const qop = c.qop?.split(",")[0]?.trim(); // server may offer "auth,auth-int"
+  const ha1 = md5(`${user}:${realm}:${password}`);
+  const ha2 = md5(`${method}:${uri}`);
+
+  const parts: string[] = [
+    `username="${user}"`,
+    `realm="${realm}"`,
+    `nonce="${nonce}"`,
+    `uri="${uri}"`,
+  ];
+
+  let response: string;
+  if (qop === "auth") {
+    const cnonce = randomBytes(8).toString("hex");
+    const nc = "00000001";
+    response = md5(`${ha1}:${nonce}:${nc}:${cnonce}:${qop}:${ha2}`);
+    parts.push(`qop=${qop}`, `nc=${nc}`, `cnonce="${cnonce}"`);
+  } else {
+    // Legacy RFC 2069 (no qop) — Hikvision uses qop=auth, but be tolerant.
+    response = md5(`${ha1}:${nonce}:${ha2}`);
+  }
+  parts.push(`response="${response}"`);
+  if (c.opaque) parts.push(`opaque="${c.opaque}"`);
+  return `Digest ${parts.join(", ")}`;
+}
+
+export interface DigestGetResult {
+  readonly status: number;
+  readonly contentType: string;
+  readonly body: Buffer;
+}
+
+export interface DigestGetOptions {
+  readonly host: string;
+  readonly port: number;
+  readonly path: string;
+  readonly user: string;
+  readonly password: string;
+  readonly timeoutMs: number;
+  /** Bind outbound to the device-facing NIC on a multi-homed host. */
+  readonly localAddress?: string;
+}
+
+function getOnce(
+  o: DigestGetOptions,
+  authHeader?: string,
+): Promise<{ res: IncomingMessage; body: Buffer }> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const headers: Record<string, string> = {};
+    if (authHeader) headers["authorization"] = authHeader;
+    const req = httpRequest(
+      {
+        host: o.host,
+        port: o.port,
+        path: o.path,
+        method: "GET",
+        timeout: o.timeoutMs,
+        localAddress: o.localAddress,
+        headers,
+      },
+      (res) => {
+        const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+        res.on("data", (c) => chunks.push(c as Buffer));
+        res.on("end", () => resolve({ res, body: Buffer.concat(chunks) }));
+      },
+    );
+    req.on("error", reject);
+    req.on("timeout", () => req.destroy(new Error("digest GET timeout")));
+    req.end();
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * GET a resource with HTTP Digest auth. Does the standard two-shot handshake:
+ * the first request (no Authorization) draws a 401 + challenge, the second
+ * carries the computed response. If the server doesn't challenge (200 straight
+ * away, or no auth required), the first response is returned as-is.
+ */
+export async function digestGet(o: DigestGetOptions): Promise<DigestGetResult> {
+  const first = await getOnce(o);
+  if (first.res.statusCode !== 401) {
+    return {
+      status: first.res.statusCode ?? 0,
+      contentType: String(first.res.headers["content-type"] ?? ""),
+      body: first.body,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const challengeHeader = String(first.res.headers["www-authenticate"] ?? "");
+  if (!/^digest/i.test(challengeHeader)) {
+    // 401 but not Digest (e.g. Basic-only) — surface it; caller decides.
+    return {
+      status: 401,
+      contentType: String(first.res.headers["content-type"] ?? ""),
+      body: first.body,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const challenge = parseChallenge(challengeHeader);
+  const auth = buildAuthHeader(challenge, o.user, o.password, "GET", o.path);
+  const second = await getOnce(o, auth);
+  return {
+    status: second.res.statusCode ?? 0,
+    contentType: String(second.res.headers["content-type"] ?? ""),
+    body: second.body,
+  };
+}

packages/devices/src/drivers/index.ts

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 
 import { registry } from "../registry.js";
 import { dingtianDriver } from "./access-dingtian.js";
+import { stubAccessDriver } from "./access-stub.js";
 import { dahuaDriver, hikvisionDriver } from "./camera.js";
 import { rongtaDriver } from "./printer-rongta.js";
-import { tcpipReaderDriver, wiegandReaderDriver } from "./reader.js";
+import { geeQrReaderDriver, tcpipReaderDriver, wiegandReaderDriver } from "./reader.js";
 
 let registered = false;
 
@@ -14,8 +15,10 @@ export function registerBuiltinDrivers(): void {
   if (registered) return;
   registered = true;
   registry.register(dingtianDriver);
+  registry.register(stubAccessDriver);
   registry.register(wiegandReaderDriver);
   registry.register(tcpipReaderDriver);
+  registry.register(geeQrReaderDriver);
   registry.register(hikvisionDriver);
   registry.register(dahuaDriver);
   registry.register(rongtaDriver);
@@ -23,8 +26,10 @@ export function registerBuiltinDrivers(): void {
 
 export {
   dingtianDriver,
+  stubAccessDriver,
   wiegandReaderDriver,
   tcpipReaderDriver,
+  geeQrReaderDriver,
   hikvisionDriver,
   dahuaDriver,
   rongtaDriver,

packages/devices/src/drivers/printer-rongta.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
   MonitorableDevice,
   PrinterDevice,
   PrinterStatus,
+  PrintReport,
   TicketData,
 } from "../interfaces.js";
 import type { ConfigField, DeviceConfig, PrinterDriver } from "../registry.js";
@@ -39,30 +40,140 @@ const DOUBLE_ON = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x11]); // GS ! — double width+height
 const DOUBLE_OFF = Buffer.from([GS, 0x21, 0x00]);
 const FEED_AND_CUT = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x64, 0x04, GS, 0x56, 0x42, 0x00]); // feed 4, GS V B 0 partial cut
 
-/** Encode a printable line as bytes (CP437/ASCII subset) + a line feed. */
+// Select code page 852 (Latin-2) for the character set: ESC t n, n=18 (0x12).
+// CP852 carries the Albanian letters we print (ë, ç, …); without it the printer
+// would interpret our high bytes as CP437 glyphs. Sent in every print's INIT
+// preamble. See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md (i18n / codepage).
+const SELECT_CP852 = Buffer.from([ESC, 0x74, 0x12]);
+
+// Minimal Unicode → CP852 byte map for the characters Albanian text actually uses
+// beyond ASCII. Anything not listed is transliterated to an ASCII fallback (below)
+// so we never emit a byte that renders as the wrong glyph. Extend as needed.
+const CP852: Record<string, number> = {
+  ë: 0x89, Ë: 0xeb,
+  ç: 0x87, Ç: 0x80,
+  // common Latin-2 extras that may appear in a park name/address:
+  ä: 0x84, ö: 0x94, ü: 0x81, é: 0x82, á: 0xa0, í: 0xa1, ó: 0xa2, ú: 0xa3,
+};
+// ASCII transliteration for any char with no CP852 mapping (last-resort, so an
+// odd glyph degrades to a readable letter rather than garbage).
+const ASCII_FALLBACK: Record<string, string> = {
+  ë: "e", Ë: "E", ç: "c", Ç: "C", ä: "a", ö: "o", ü: "u",
+  é: "e", á: "a", í: "i", ó: "o", ú: "u",
+};
+
+/** Encode one line of text to CP852 bytes + a line feed. ASCII (<0x80) passes
+ *  through; mapped chars use their CP852 byte; unmapped non-ASCII falls back to an
+ *  ASCII letter. Pair with SELECT_CP852 in the print preamble. */
 function line(text = ""): Buffer {
-  return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from(text, "ascii"), Buffer.from([LF])]);
+  const out: number[] = [];
+  for (const ch of text) {
+    const code = ch.codePointAt(0) ?? 0;
+    const mapped = CP852[ch];
+    const fallback = ASCII_FALLBACK[ch];
+    if (code < 0x80) {
+      out.push(code);
+    } else if (mapped !== undefined) {
+      out.push(mapped);
+    } else if (fallback !== undefined) {
+      out.push(...Buffer.from(fallback, "ascii"));
+    } else {
+      out.push(0x3f); // "?" — unknown char, never a wrong glyph
+    }
+  }
+  out.push(LF);
+  return Buffer.from(out);
 }
 
-/** Build the full ESC/POS byte stream for an entry ticket. */
-function renderTicket(data: TicketData): Buffer {
+// --- Scannable symbol (printer-generated, no image rendering) -----------------
+// The ticket id is the session key (wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md). We print it
+// as a 1D Code128 barcode so ANY legacy laser barcode scanner the booth might have
+// can read it. The barcode is rendered by the Rongta board from these ESC/POS
+// commands — we send the data, the firmware draws the bars (no bitmap, no
+// dependency). The same code is printed as large human-readable digits below, so
+// the operator can hand-key it if every reader fails. (A QR for phone scanning may
+// be added later behind an admin toggle.)
+
+/** GS k — Code128 1D barcode. Height/width set first, then HRI off, then data. */
+function code128(data: string): Buffer {
+  // Code128 code set B (printable ASCII) — prefix the data with the {B selector.
+  const payload = Buffer.from(`{B${data}`, "ascii");
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x68, 0x64]), // GS h 100 — barcode height = 100 dots (taller = tolerant of scan angle)
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x77, 0x03]), // GS w 3  — module width = 3 (wider bars for the short-range "Simple" QR/barcode engine; 13-digit Code128 ≈ 495/576 dots, fits 80mm with quiet zones)
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x48, 0x00]), // GS H 0  — HRI text off (we print the id ourselves)
+    // GS k 73 n <data>  — function B form: 73 = Code128, n = data byte length.
+    Buffer.from([GS, 0x6b, 0x49, payload.length]),
+    payload,
+  ]);
+}
+
+// Ticket/receipt strings — Albanian (the site prints in Albanian for now). Kept in
+// one place so a real i18n layer (per-locale tables + a t() helper) can replace this
+// later without touching the render functions. See wiki/concepts/site-metadata.md.
+const STR = {
+  /** NIUS label prefix; printed only when the park has a NIUS. */
+  nius: (v: string) => `NIUS: ${v}`,
+  /** "Printed at:" — precedes the issue timestamp. */
+  issuedAt: (v: string) => `Printuar më: ${v}`,
+  /** "Lost your ticket? <phone>" footer; printed only when a phone is set. */
+  lostTicket: (phone: string) => `Keni humbur biletën? ${phone}`,
+} as const;
+
+/** Build the ESC/POS byte stream for a free-form text report (e.g. shift Z-report). */
+function renderReport(report: PrintReport): Buffer {
   return Buffer.concat([
     INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
     ALIGN_CENTER,
     BOLD_ON,
-    DOUBLE_ON,
-    line("PARKING"),
-    DOUBLE_OFF,
-    BOLD_OFF,
-    line(),
-    line(`Lane ${data.lane}`),
-    line(),
-    BOLD_ON,
-    line(data.ticketId),
+    line(report.title),
     BOLD_OFF,
     ALIGN_LEFT,
     line(),
-    line(`Issued: ${data.issuedAt}`),
+    ...report.lines.map((l) => line(l)),
+    FEED_AND_CUT,
+  ]);
+}
+
+/** Render the park-identity header from site metadata. Prints the park name large
+ *  (or "PARKING" if unset), then operator / NIUS / address lines that are present.
+ *  NIUS and the rest only print when set. Non-ASCII renders via CP852 (see line()). */
+function renderHeader(h: TicketData["header"]): Buffer {
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [ALIGN_CENTER, BOLD_ON, DOUBLE_ON, line(h?.parkName || "PARKING"), DOUBLE_OFF, BOLD_OFF];
+  if (h?.operatorName) parts.push(line(h.operatorName));
+  if (h?.nius) parts.push(line(STR.nius(h.nius)));
+  if (h?.address) {
+    // Address may be multi-line; print each line centered.
+    for (const ln of h.address.split(/\r?\n/)) if (ln.trim()) parts.push(line(ln.trim()));
+  }
+  return Buffer.concat(parts);
+}
+
+/** Build the full ESC/POS byte stream for an entry ticket.
+ *  Header (park identity) → 1D Code128 barcode of the ticket id → the id in large
+ *  digits → issue time → optional lost-ticket footer. Code128 is read by ANY legacy
+ *  1D barcode scanner the booth might have; the printed digits are the fallback if
+ *  every reader fails (operator hand-keys the all-numeric code). Text is Albanian.
+ *  See wiki/concepts/ticket-encoding.md and site-metadata.md. */
+function renderTicket(data: TicketData): Buffer {
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    INIT,
+    SELECT_CP852,
+    renderHeader(data.header),
+    line(),
+    // The scannable barcode + the same code in large human-readable digits.
+    code128(data.ticketId),
+    line(),
+    BOLD_ON,
+    DOUBLE_ON,
+    line(data.ticketId),
+    DOUBLE_OFF,
+    BOLD_OFF,
+    line(),
+    line(STR.issuedAt(data.issuedAt)),
+    // Contact footer (lost-ticket help) if a phone is set.
+    ...(data.header?.phone ? [line(STR.lostTicket(data.header.phone))] : []),
     FEED_AND_CUT,
   ]);
 }
@@ -201,7 +312,12 @@ class RongtaPrinter implements PrinterDevice, MonitorableDevice {
 
   async printTicket(data: TicketData): Promise<void> {
     await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderTicket(data), this.#timeout);
-    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed ticket ${data.ticketId} (lane ${data.lane})`);
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed ticket ${data.ticketId}`);
+  }
+
+  async printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void> {
+    await sendRaw(this.#host, this.#port, renderReport(report), this.#timeout);
+    stubLog(this.driverId, `printed report "${report.title}" (${report.lines.length} lines)`);
   }
 
   /**

packages/devices/src/drivers/reader.ts

@@ -58,3 +58,28 @@ export const tcpipReaderDriver: ReaderDriver = {
   configFields: [hostField, portField(9000)],
   create: (c) => new StubReader("tcpip-reader", c),
 };
+
+// GEE/Fondvision QR access reader (e.g. GEE-QR-ER80). A PUSH device: on each scan
+// it HTTP-GETs our backend (/qa/mcardsea.<ext>) carrying its serial (cjihao); the
+// backend resolves the lane by matching that serial to this device's `serial`
+// config, decides, and replies the verdict (drives the beep). No host-side
+// connection — the adapter is a stub; the real integration is the HTTP endpoint
+// (apps/server routes/qr-reader.ts). See wiki/entities/gee-qr-er80.md.
+export const geeQrReaderDriver: ReaderDriver = {
+  id: "gee-qr-reader",
+  category: "reader",
+  label: "GEE/Fondvision QR reader (HTTP push)",
+  description:
+    "QR/barcode access reader that HTTP-pushes each scan to the backend. Set its server IP/port to this host in the vendor tool; enter its serial here so scans resolve to this lane.",
+  transports: ["tcp-ip"],
+  configFields: [
+    {
+      key: "serial",
+      label: "Device serial (cjihao)",
+      type: "string",
+      required: true,
+      help: "The reader's serial as it reports in each scan (the `cjihao` field). Used to map scans to this lane.",
+    },
+  ],
+  create: (c) => new StubReader("gee-qr-reader", c),
+};

packages/devices/src/index.ts

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ export { setDeviceLogSink, type DeviceLogSink } from "./drivers/common.js";
 export {
   registerBuiltinDrivers,
   dingtianDriver,
+  stubAccessDriver,
   wiegandReaderDriver,
   tcpipReaderDriver,
+  geeQrReaderDriver,
   hikvisionDriver,
   dahuaDriver,
   rongtaDriver,

packages/devices/src/interfaces.ts

@@ -174,26 +174,52 @@ export interface CameraDevice extends Device {
 }
 
 export interface SnapshotContext {
-  readonly lane: number;
   readonly direction: "entry" | "exit";
 }
 
 export interface Snapshot {
-  /** Storage reference for the captured image (file path / blob id). */
-  readonly imageRef: string;
+  /** The captured image bytes. The DRIVER fetches them over the network; the
+   *  CALLER (entry/exit flow) owns storage and minting a durable reference —
+   *  keeping the device adapter free of any filesystem/blob-store dependency. */
+  readonly bytes: Buffer;
   readonly contentType: string;
   readonly capturedAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  /** Storage reference (file path / blob id), set once the caller has stored
+   *  the bytes. Absent on the value the driver returns. */
+  readonly imageRef?: string;
 }
 
 // --- Printers (ticket dispenser / booth printer) -------------------------
+/** Optional park identity printed at the top of a ticket/receipt. All fields
+ *  optional — the driver prints only what's set. Sourced from site_config; an
+ *  Albanian parking receipt commonly must show the park name + NIUS. */
+export interface TicketHeader {
+  readonly parkName?: string | null;
+  readonly operatorName?: string | null;
+  /** NIUS — Albanian tax/identification number. */
+  readonly nius?: string | null;
+  readonly address?: string | null;
+  readonly phone?: string | null;
+}
+
 export interface TicketData {
   readonly ticketId: string;
-  readonly lane: number;
   readonly issuedAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  /** Park identity for the header. Absent → driver prints the generic "PARKING". */
+  readonly header?: TicketHeader;
 }
 
 export interface PrinterDevice extends Device {
   printTicket(data: TicketData): Promise<void>;
+  /** Print a free-form text report (a shift Z-report, a receipt). `lines` are
+   *  printed as-is; the driver adds a header/cut. Kept generic so the business
+   *  layer composes the content. See wiki/concepts/shift.md. */
+  printReport(report: PrintReport): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export interface PrintReport {
+  readonly title: string;
+  readonly lines: readonly string[];
 }
 
 // --- Live printer status (consumable / mechanical faults) ----------------

packages/devices/src/registry.ts

@@ -27,8 +27,19 @@ export interface ConfigField {
   readonly help?: string;
 }
 
+/** A JSON-serializable config value. Mostly flat scalars (host, port, credentials),
+ *  but some configs carry nested structure — e.g. an access controller's
+ *  `relays: [{ relay, direction, button? }]` map. See entry-exit-points.md. */
+export type ConfigValue =
+  | string
+  | number
+  | boolean
+  | null
+  | ConfigValue[]
+  | { [k: string]: ConfigValue };
+
 /** Opaque per-instance config the admin fills in (host, port, credentials…). */
-export type DeviceConfig = Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
+export type DeviceConfig = Record<string, ConfigValue>;
 
 /**
  * A driver: metadata describing a supported device model/family, the config
@@ -42,6 +53,13 @@ export interface DeviceDriver<T extends Device = Device> {
   /** Transports/notes surfaced in the UI, e.g. ["tcp-ip"], ["wiegand"]. */
   readonly transports: readonly string[];
   readonly configFields: readonly ConfigField[];
+  /**
+   * True if the device calls BACK to our backend (HTTP push) and therefore needs
+   * a backend IP configured at assign time. Pull-only devices (cameras poll a
+   * snapshot, the relay is commanded) leave this false so the setup wizard hides
+   * the "Backend push IP" field. See wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md.
+   */
+  readonly pushesToBackend?: boolean;
   /** Build a live adapter instance from validated config. */
   create(config: DeviceConfig): T;
 }
@@ -130,6 +148,11 @@ class DeviceRegistry {
     }
     return byCategory;
   }
+
+  /** Driver ids that push to the backend (need a backend IP at assign time). */
+  pushCapable(): string[] {
+    return [...this.#drivers.values()].filter((d) => d.pushesToBackend).map((d) => d.id);
+  }
 }
 
 export interface CatalogEntry {

packages/shared/src/index.ts

@@ -13,39 +13,210 @@ export type Direction = "entry" | "exit";
 export type IdentitySource = "wiegand" | "lpr" | "qr" | "ticket" | "manual";
 
 /**
- * An append-only parking event. Records are never mutated; corrections are new
+ * A signed business-LEDGER event. Records are never mutated; corrections are new
  * events. `prevHash` chains each event to the previous one; `signature` is the
- * ATECC608 signature over the event contents. See wiki/append-only-event-chain.
+ * ATECC608 signature over the canonical contents (which INCLUDE `payload`).
+ * Distinct from device telemetry — see wiki/decisions/event-streams-split.md.
  */
-export interface ParkingEvent {
+export interface LedgerEvent {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly index: number;
-  readonly type: ParkingEventType;
+  readonly type: LedgerEventType;
   readonly direction: Direction | null;
   readonly lane: number;
   readonly source: IdentitySource | null;
   /** Card number, plate, ticket id, etc. — depends on `source`. */
   readonly identity: string | null;
+  /** Type-specific business data (amount, tariffVersionId, sessionRef…). Signed. */
+  readonly payload: LedgerPayload | null;
   readonly occurredAt: string; // ISO-8601
   /** Hash of the previous event in the chain (hex). Null only for genesis. */
   readonly prevHash: string | null;
   /** ATECC608 signature over the canonical event payload (hex). */
   readonly signature: string;
+  /** Which signer/key produced `signature` (verifiable across a signer swap). */
+  readonly keyId: string;
 }
 
-export type ParkingEventType =
-  // A raw device input (e.g. a Dingtian button press) was received and recorded.
-  // NOT a confirmed entry — the richer `vehicle_entry` is appended later by the
-  // entry flow once a ticket prints and the barrier is commanded.
-  | "input_received"
+/** Business/accountability events that live in the SIGNED, hash-chained ledger. */
+export type LedgerEventType =
   | "vehicle_entry"
   | "vehicle_exit"
+  | "payment"
   | "void"
+  // Witness-grade: a host-commanded open, and an independently-observed open
+  // (loop/sensor) — reconciled against each other.
   | "barrier_open_command"
   | "barrier_open_observed"
+  // Manned-mode shift boundary: an operator takes over (shift_open) / hands over
+  // with a takings summary (shift_z_report). See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  | "shift_open"
   | "shift_z_report"
+  // Admin loads/removes physical drawer cash (the float). Signed payload:
+  // { amountMinor (signed: + load, − removal), reason, currency, operator }.
+  // Folds into the drawer balance carried across shifts. See wiki/concepts/shift.md.
+  | "cash_movement"
   | "anomaly";
 
+/** How money was tendered (for payment events + the shift Z-report). */
+export type Tender = "cash" | "card";
+
+/**
+ * Type-specific data carried on a ledger event's `payload`. All amounts are
+ * integer minor units in the named currency — never floats. Fields are optional
+ * because they're event-type-specific; the producer fills what applies.
+ */
+export interface LedgerPayload {
+  /** The parking_session this event concerns (entry/exit/payment/void). */
+  readonly sessionRef?: string;
+  /** payment: amount in minor units, its currency, and how it was tendered. */
+  readonly amountMinor?: number;
+  readonly currency?: string;
+  readonly tender?: Tender;
+  /** payment: which tariff_version priced it (reproducible repricing). */
+  readonly tariffVersionId?: string;
+  /** payment: gross/discount/net split when a validation applied. */
+  readonly grossMinor?: number;
+  readonly discountMinor?: number;
+  /** FX-ready, deferred: rate applied (null/absent now). See open-questions #8. */
+  readonly fxRate?: number | null;
+  /** void / anomaly / override: a human/machine reason code. */
+  readonly reason?: string;
+  /** plate/vehicle from the vision service (advisory). */
+  readonly plate?: string;
+  readonly plateConfidence?: number;
+  /** Free-form for forward-compat without a schema change. */
+  readonly [k: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+/** Operational device telemetry — UNSIGNED, prunable. NOT the ledger. */
+export type DeviceEventKind = "input" | "relay" | "status" | "read" | "snapshot";
+
+/**
+ * The composable rate card stored in a tariff_version.structure. Pure data the
+ * fee function interprets — no rates in code. Stepped duration blocks + caps/grace;
+ * a flat rate is just one block. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+ */
+export interface TariffStructure {
+  /** Free if exited within this (drop-off/turnaround). */
+  readonly gracePeriodEntryMin: number;
+  /** Billing granularity; partial increments round UP. */
+  readonly incrementMin: number;
+  /** Consumed in order as duration accrues; last block may be open-ended. */
+  readonly blocks: readonly TariffBlock[];
+  /** Cap per rolling 24h (null = no cap). */
+  readonly dailyCapMinor: number | null;
+  /** Flat charge when there's no entry id (admin may override at the moment). */
+  readonly lostTicketMinor: number;
+  /** Pay-on-foot walk-back window: minutes after payment to reach the car. */
+  readonly gracePeriodExitMin: number;
+  /** How an overstay top-up is charged. "reprice" = recompute(entry→now) − paid. */
+  readonly overstay: "reprice";
+}
+
+export interface TariffBlock {
+  /** Upper bound of this block in minutes; null = open-ended (thereafter). */
+  readonly uptoMin: number | null;
+  readonly priceMinorPerIncrement: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the parking fee (integer minor units) for a stay, from a TariffStructure.
+ * PURE + deterministic + offline — the pay station calls it with asOf = now; the
+ * result is fixed into a signed `payment` event, so it must be reproducible.
+ *
+ * Algorithm (wiki/concepts/tariff.md): round duration UP to incrementMin; free if
+ * within entry grace; else walk the stay one rolling-24h segment at a time, charging
+ * each increment at its block's rate (blocks consumed in order by cumulative minutes),
+ * capping each segment at dailyCapMinor. Times are ISO-8601; bad input → 0 (caller
+ * validates the tariff exists first).
+ */
+export function computeFee(
+  enteredAt: string,
+  asOf: string,
+  tariff: TariffStructure,
+): number {
+  const ms = Date.parse(asOf) - Date.parse(enteredAt);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return 0;
+  const rawMinutes = ms / 60_000;
+  // Grace uses the RAW duration (a 10-min stay is free even if the increment is
+  // 60 min — otherwise rounding-up would defeat the grace window).
+  if (rawMinutes <= tariff.gracePeriodEntryMin) return 0;
+  const inc = Math.max(1, tariff.incrementMin);
+  const minutes = Math.ceil(rawMinutes / inc) * inc; // round UP to the increment
+
+  const DAY = 24 * 60;
+  let total = 0;
+  for (let segStart = 0; segStart < minutes; segStart += DAY) {
+    const segEnd = Math.min(segStart + DAY, minutes);
+    let segFee = 0;
+    // The block ladder RESETS each rolling-24h day: `within` is minutes elapsed
+    // WITHIN this day, so day 2 starts at the first block again (decision 2026-06-15).
+    for (let within = 0; segStart + within < segEnd; within += inc) {
+      segFee += rateAt(tariff.blocks, within);
+    }
+    if (tariff.dailyCapMinor != null) segFee = Math.min(segFee, tariff.dailyCapMinor);
+    total += segFee;
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate an admin-authored tariff structure. Returns [] if valid, else a list
+ * of human-readable problems. Pure — used by the composer route (and any caller)
+ * so a malformed rate card can never be published. See wiki/concepts/tariff.md.
+ */
+export function validateTariffStructure(s: unknown): string[] {
+  const errs: string[] = [];
+  if (!s || typeof s !== "object") return ["structure must be an object"];
+  const t = s as Partial<TariffStructure>;
+
+  const nonNegInt = (v: unknown, label: string) => {
+    if (typeof v !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(v) || v < 0) errs.push(`${label} must be a non-negative integer`);
+  };
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodEntryMin, "gracePeriodEntryMin");
+  nonNegInt(t.gracePeriodExitMin, "gracePeriodExitMin");
+  nonNegInt(t.lostTicketMinor, "lostTicketMinor");
+  if (typeof t.incrementMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(t.incrementMin) || t.incrementMin < 1) {
+    errs.push("incrementMin must be a positive integer");
+  }
+  if (t.dailyCapMinor != null) nonNegInt(t.dailyCapMinor, "dailyCapMinor");
+  if (t.overstay !== "reprice") errs.push('overstay must be "reprice"');
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(t.blocks) || t.blocks.length === 0) {
+    errs.push("blocks must be a non-empty array");
+  } else {
+    let prevBound = 0;
+    t.blocks.forEach((b, i) => {
+      const last = i === t.blocks!.length - 1;
+      nonNegInt(b?.priceMinorPerIncrement, `blocks[${i}].priceMinorPerIncrement`);
+      if (b?.uptoMin == null) {
+        if (!last) errs.push(`blocks[${i}] is open-ended (uptoMin null) but not last`);
+      } else {
+        if (typeof b.uptoMin !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(b.uptoMin) || b.uptoMin <= prevBound) {
+          errs.push(`blocks[${i}].uptoMin must be an integer greater than the previous block's bound (${prevBound})`);
+        } else {
+          prevBound = b.uptoMin;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  return errs;
+}
+
+/** Price of the increment that starts at `cumulativeMin` — the block whose range
+ *  [prevUpto, uptoMin) contains it; the open-ended (uptoMin=null) block catches the rest. */
+function rateAt(blocks: readonly TariffBlock[], cumulativeMin: number): number {
+  let prev = 0;
+  for (const b of blocks) {
+    if (b.uptoMin == null || cumulativeMin < b.uptoMin) return b.priceMinorPerIncrement;
+    prev = b.uptoMin;
+    void prev;
+  }
+  // No open-ended block and past the last bound: charge the last block's rate.
+  return blocks.length ? blocks[blocks.length - 1]!.priceMinorPerIncrement : 0;
+}
+
 export const ROLES: readonly Role[] = [
   "admin",
   "operator",

wiki/concepts/anti-passback.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, domain, business, anti-fraud, access-control]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-15
+status: open
+---
+
+# Anti-Passback
+
+Stop one credential/ticket from getting **two cars in** without an exit between — the classic
+"pass the card/ticket back over the fence" abuse. A control on the entry validation, leaning on the
+session projection.
+
+## The rule
+
+An identity (ticket id, [[permit]] credential, or plate) **must not enter while it already has an
+OPEN [[parking-session|session]].** At entry:
+
+```
+identify vehicle → is there already an OPEN session for this id?
+   no  → proceed (mint vehicle_entry, open)
+   yes → passback violation → refuse or flag (see policy)
+```
+
+This is a **fold over the signed [[append-only-event-chain]]** ("does an entry for this id exist
+with no matching exit?") — not a mutable in/out flag that could be edited. Same projection that
+powers [[capacity-occupancy]] and [[permit]] `maxConcurrent`.
+
+## Interaction with the limits already designed
+
+- **Transient ticket** — a single ticket id is inherently one session; a second entry on the same
+  id is always a violation (or a re-print/duplication attempt).
+- **Permit** — passback is the *per-car* case of the permit's `maxConcurrent` ([[permit]]): a
+  multi-car permit legitimately has several open sessions, but **the same car/credential** entering
+  twice is still a violation. So enforce per-identity, *under* the permit's concurrency allowance.
+
+## Policy (operator choice)
+
+- **Hard** — refuse the second entry (strict; risks stranding a legitimate car after a *missed
+  exit*, which is common — tailgated out, sensor missed).
+- **Soft** — allow but **flag an `anomaly`** (the type exists) for review. Safer against
+  false-positives from missed exits, consistent with the append-only "record + flag, don't block"
+  ethos elsewhere.
+- Likely **soft by default**, hard as an opt-in for high-control sites.
+
+## Honest limits
+
+- Depends on **reliable exit detection** — if exits are routinely missed (no exit loop/plate read),
+  passback produces false positives; tune to the site's exit fidelity.
+- A spoofed/duplicated ticket QR is caught here (same id already open) — complements
+  [[ticket-encoding]]'s opaque-id requirement.
+
+## Open
+
+- Default policy (soft/hard) and per-site override.
+- Grace for legitimate quick re-entry vs. the missed-exit false-positive.

wiki/concepts/append-only-event-chain.md

@@ -21,9 +21,25 @@ Three layered properties:
    self-consistent — someone who owns the machine still cannot forge a valid entry.
 
 It only becomes trustworthy as an external fraud control when paired with [[reconciliation]]
-against an authority the operator can't alter. Every device event — including those ingested
-from the [[uhppote-controller]] via [[event-log-ingestion]] — should land in this host-side
-chain.
+against an authority the operator can't alter.
+
+## Two event streams — the signed ledger vs. device telemetry (decision 2026-06-15)
+
+These are **different concerns and live in different tables**:
+
+- **`ledger_events`** — this signed, hash-chained, [[atecc608]]-signed **business ledger**:
+  `vehicle_entry` / `vehicle_exit` / `payment` / `void` / `shift_z_report`, plus the witness-grade
+  `barrier_open_command` / `barrier_open_observed` and `anomaly`. This is the anti-fraud record that
+  [[reconciliation]] runs against; sessions/[[tariff]]/occupancy are projections over it. (This is
+  the table formerly called `events`.)
+- **`device_events`** — **unsigned operational telemetry**: relay fired, printer paper-out, camera
+  offline, reader read, raw input edges. High-volume, churny, **not** anti-fraud; may rotate/prune.
+  Keeping it out of the signed chain keeps the ledger small and high-value.
+
+> A raw button press is **device telemetry**, not a business fact. It lands in `device_events`; the
+> entry flow then mints a **signed `vehicle_entry`** in the ledger once a ticket prints and the
+> barrier is commanded. (This supersedes the earlier "every device event lands in the chain" framing
+> and the `input_received`-as-signed-event approach — see [[device-input-flow]].)
 
 ## Implementation (apps/server)
 
@@ -58,22 +74,28 @@ so old events stay verifiable.
 > *accidental* corruption, but an operator with the signing key + DB access could re-sign a
 > forged chain. This is the central reason #6 matters.
 
-### What currently feeds the log
+### Business-layer event types (the ledger)
 
-Dingtian **input (button) pushes** → bus → `input_received` events (see [[device-input-flow]],
-[[dingtian-relay]]). These are recorded faithfully as raw inputs, **not** as `vehicle_entry` —
-the richer entry event waits for the entry flow (ticket print + barrier command).
+The [[parking-session]] domain folds over these **signed ledger** events:
 
-- **`lane`** is now resolved from the firing device. A `LaneMap` (`apps/server/src/lane-map.ts`)
-  caches `lane_devices.id → lane`, built at startup and refreshed by the setup routes on every
-  assign/unassign. Device events carry the device instance id, not a lane; the handler looks it
-  up. A device with no mapping (assigned without a lane, or a stale id) logs **`lane: -1`** and a
-  warning — never `0`, which is a real lane — and is still recorded (the chain is append-only;
-  nothing is dropped).
-- **`source` stays `null`** for `input_received`, and deliberately so: `source` is an
-  `IdentitySource` (`wiegand | lpr | qr | ticket | manual`) — *how a vehicle was identified* — not
-  a device/IP field. A raw button push has no vehicle identity. The device provenance lives in
-  **`identity`** (e.g. `dingtian:<id> input:1/on`).
+- `vehicle_entry` / `vehicle_exit` — a stay's endpoints; `identity` carries the ticket id or plate.
+- `payment` — a settled fee at the pay station, referencing the session it pays for (amount in
+  integer minor units; see [[tariff]]). Making "paid" a signed event — not a mutable row — is the
+  whole point: an operator can't forge it or silently delete it.
+- `void` — a correction / lost-ticket write-off; like every other void here it is an **appended
+  event, never an erasure**.
+- `shift_z_report` — the signed per-[[shift]] takings summary.
+
+A session is a **projection** over this chain, never a mutable table — the same anti-fraud reason
+the chain exists. See [[parking-session]].
+
+### As-built (table split done)
+
+The split above is implemented: raw Dingtian **input (button) pushes** are **device telemetry** in
+**`device_events`** (unsigned, prunable), keyed to the firing `devices` instance. Only the business
+`vehicle_entry` the press drives is signed into **`ledger_events`**. The signed events carry **no
+`lane`** — the pool-of-spaces model has none (dropped 2026-06-16; see [[entry-exit-points]]), and
+the canonical form bumped `sw-hmac-v1` → `sw-hmac-v2` accordingly.
 
 ### ⚠️ Limitation: the log captures HOST-ORIGINATED actions only
 
@@ -91,7 +113,9 @@ host. **Proven on hardware**: a binary relay command sent directly to the device
 So the log alone does **not** detect operator/attacker fraud at the relay. That is **by design** —
 the actual control is [[reconciliation]]: compare the host's signed *commanded* opens against an
 **independent witness** of opens that physically happened (a door/loop sensor on a Dingtian input
-→ which DOES push + log; the [[lpr-camera]]; payment/Z-report). **A physical open with no matching
-signed command is the fraud signal.** Both the witness sources and the reconciliation logic are
-**NOT yet built** — this is the main open gap. Prevention (VLAN isolation so the attacker can't
+→ which DOES push + log; the [[opencv-anpr-service|vision service]]'s plate **and vehicle** read;
+payment/Z-report). **A physical open with no matching signed command is the fraud signal** — and,
+with vehicle verification, **a plate that enters/exits on a different car** is too (the
+plate-spoofing case). Both the witness sources and the reconciliation logic are **NOT yet built** —
+this is the main open gap. Prevention (VLAN isolation so the attacker can't
 reach UDP 60000) is the necessary first line; detection-via-reconciliation is the backstop.

wiki/concepts/booth-console.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, frontend, booth, realtime, ui]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-18
+status: open
+---
+
+# Booth Console (operator UI architecture)
+
+The **operator console** — the real-time UI an attendant runs at a manned booth. Built 2026-06-17/18
+on top of the [[react-vite-spa]]. This page covers the *architecture* (stack, live feed, layout);
+the booth's *business flows* live in [[booth-exit-flow]], [[shift]], [[parking-session]].
+
+## Stack (added 2026-06-17, beyond plain React)
+
+The operator UI outgrew "plain React + useState" once it needed live updates and a real layout:
+
+- **TanStack Query** owns SERVER state (fetch/cache/refetch/loading-error), wrapping the existing thin
+  `apiFetch` client. Server data is never duplicated into client state.
+- **TanStack Router** — real routes (`/booth`, `/shift`, `/setup`, `/tariff`, `/permits`, `/site`),
+  role-guarded (admin-only routes redirect non-admins to `/booth`). Code-based route tree.
+- **Zustand** — small CLIENT state only: the live WebSocket status + a rolling in-memory event feed +
+  the latest pushed occupancy. Anything durable is re-fetched via Query.
+- **Tailwind v4** with a **"Bloomberg-terminal" theme** (`apps/web/src/index.css`, `@theme`):
+  near-black surfaces, amber/green/red/cyan status accents, monospace, dense/keyboard-first. **Radix**
+  primitives (Dialog, etc.) for accessible unstyled components.
+- **react-i18next** for [[i18n]] (Albanian default).
+
+> This SUPERSEDES the original "plain React, no framework" note on [[react-vite-spa]] — that held
+> while the UI was a few admin forms; the live booth console justified the additions.
+
+## Live feed — one WebSocket (`/api/ws`)
+
+The booth must reflect entries/exits/payments the instant they happen, so the console opens **one
+authenticated WebSocket** app-wide instead of polling. See the WS tap in [[append-only-event-chain]]
+(`EventLog.append` fires a read-side `onAppended` callback → the device bus `emitLedger` → the WS
+route fans it out):
+
+- On each signed **ledger** append (entry/exit/payment/void/anomaly/cash_movement/shift_*) the server
+  pushes the event **plus the recomputed [[capacity-occupancy|occupancy]]** (a fold over the same
+  ledger, always authoritative). Printer-status changes ([[printer-status-monitoring]]) ride the same
+  socket.
+- The client appends to the Zustand feed for the live ticker AND **invalidates the matching Query
+  caches** (events, occupancy, active-sessions) — so Query stays the source of truth; the WS is the
+  freshness trigger. Auto-reconnect with capped backoff survives a server restart.
+
+### Auth — anti-CSWSH
+
+The handshake is a normal GET through Fastify, so the **HttpOnly JWT cookie** that guards the REST API
+guards the WS too. But a browser `WebSocket` can't send the CSRF double-submit header, which would
+leave the socket open to **Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking** (a malicious page opens
+`ws://<booth>/api/ws`, the browser auto-attaches the cookie, the attacker reads the live feed). So the
+WS route replaces CSRF with an **Origin allowlist** (same-origin always; extra origins via
+`WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS` for the dev SPA): a missing/cross origin is rejected before auth. The stream is
+read-only — it can never mutate state. (Found + fixed by automated security review, 2026-06-17.)
+
+## The booth screen (`/booth`)
+
+Dense terminal layout: a **ticket input** (HID-scanner-friendly — types the id + Enter) spanning the
+top; a left column with the **occupancy gauge** above the **[[booth-exit-flow|Active Sessions]]** list;
+a right column with the **live event ticker**. Submitting/clicking a ticket opens the **pay/exit
+modal** (entry/duration/total, tender, voucher checkbox, entry/exit snapshots). All live-refreshed via
+the WS.
+
+## The shift control (header) + the booth gate
+
+The header carries a single **shift button** that expresses the [[shift|site-wide single-open
+shift]] (added 2026-06-18):
+
+- **No shift open** → "Open shift" (green, enabled).
+- **My shift open** → "Close shift" (red, enabled — signs + prints the Z-report).
+- **Another operator's shift open** → **disabled**, titled with who holds it. You can neither open
+  yours nor close theirs until they hand over.
+
+State comes from one shared Query (`useShift()` → `GET /api/shift/current`, returning `{ open:
+{startedAt, operator} | null, isMine }`); the WS invalidates it on `shift_open` / `shift_z_report` /
+`cash_movement`, so the button (and the per-shift log scope) update live without polling.
+
+The **booth screen gates on this**: the pay/exit modal shows an "open a shift" banner (with a
+one-click *Open shift now*) and disables pay/exit/voucher until **this operator's** shift is open;
+the Active-Sessions "Open barrier" is disabled the same way. The server enforces it regardless
+(`requireShift` 409 `no_shift`) — the UI just front-runs the rejection. The live feed is **scoped to
+the open shift's window** (empty when no shift is open). See [[shift]] for the rule and the routes.
+
+## Dev notes
+- Vite proxies `/api/ws` (`ws: true`) to the backend; the backend's Origin allowlist must include the
+  dev SPA origin (`WS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=http://localhost:5173`). In production Fastify serves the SPA
+  same-origin, so the allowlist isn't needed.
+- Start the dev SPA via `pnpm dev` from `apps/web` (not `npx vite --host …`, which has mangled args
+  and served 404s in this environment).
+
+## Open
+- **No automated frontend tests** — the booth/live-feed/modal logic is verified manually
+  (Playwright + curl + DB inspection), not by a suite. The standing test-harness gap (see
+  [[reconciliation]]-adjacent notes) now spans front and back.
+- The pre-existing admin screens (Setup/Tariff/Permits/Site/Shift) still carry their **old inline
+  styles** — reachable and functional, not yet on the terminal component system.

wiki/concepts/booth-exit-flow.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, domain, booth, exit, payment, threat-model]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-17
+status: open
+---
+
+# Booth Exit Flow — pay-at-booth, voucher vs. immediate exit
+
+How the **manned booth** takes payment for a transient ticket and lets the car out. Complements the
+unattended reader path in [[parking-session]] / the exit flow: same signed events, a booth-driven
+trigger. Decided 2026-06-17.
+
+## Operator flow
+
+1. **Ticket input** on the booth screen. The operator scans (HID scanner types the id + Enter) or
+   keys the ticket number.
+2. On submit, the booth **looks up the session** and opens a **modal**: entry time, exit time (now),
+   **duration**, **total owed** (the [[tariff]] quote), tender (cash/card), and a checkbox
+   **"Printo biletë dalje"** (print exit ticket).
+3. The operator takes payment → a signed `payment` event ([[parking-session]]). What happens next
+   depends on the checkbox:
+   - **Checked → print an exit voucher.** The customer carries it to a (distant) exit and
+     **self-exits by scanning it** there; that scan runs the normal reader exit flow. The booth does
+     NOT open the barrier.
+   - **Unchecked → immediate exit.** When the modal closes after a successful payment, the booth
+     **signs `vehicle_exit`, pulses the exit relay, and fires the exit snapshot** right away (booth is
+     at/near the exit).
+
+## Settled decisions (2026-06-17)
+
+- **Voucher carries the SAME ticket id** (reprinted as the Code128 barcode). At the exit reader it
+  runs the existing exit validation — which now finds the session **paid + within walk-back grace**,
+  so it opens. No new identity or code type; the "biletë dalje" is a *paid reprint* of the entry
+  ticket id. Reuses [[tariff|walk-back grace]] exactly.
+- **The checkbox default lives in `site_config`** (`exit_voucher_default`, a site-wide boolean edited
+  in Site settings) — because it's booth geography, not per-ticket. The operator may override per
+  transaction. (Per-exit-point config deferred until a site has both a near and a far exit.)
+- **Payment is never rolled back.** If the checkbox is OFF and `pulseOpen` fails (offline
+  controller), the signed `payment` + `vehicle_exit` already stand (money was taken, the car is
+  owed an exit). The booth surfaces a clear error and an **audited `anomaly`** so the operator opens
+  manually — we never silently drop the payment, and never leave a paid car without an exit event.
+
+## Threat-model notes ([[threat-model|operator as adversary]])
+
+- The booth exit reuses the **same validation as the reader path** (paid + within grace, or free
+  entry-grace) — there is no booth-only bypass that admits an unpaid car. An unpaid ticket sends the
+  operator to take payment first.
+- Every booth action is a **signed ledger event attributed to the operator's session**: the payment,
+  the exit, and any `anomaly` (failed open / override). A colluding operator can't wave a car out
+  without leaving a signed, attributed trail visible to [[reconciliation]].
+- The voucher path keeps the **camera snapshot at the physical exit** (the self-scan fires it), so
+  the evidence is captured where the car actually leaves, not where it paid.
+
+## Active sessions & human-intervention barrier open
+
+**The barrier state is ASSUMED, never confirmed.** We send "open" intent and never truly know the car
+cleared ([[barrier-not-a-door]], no wired loop/sensor feedback). So a signed `vehicle_exit` does NOT
+mean the car is gone — it may be stuck (damaged ticket / dead scanner, or the barrier re-closed on a
+phantom obstacle: an animal, a person, a cardboard box or bag in the wind). These edge cases need a
+**human in the booth** to open the barrier, leaving a signed trace.
+
+**A session is "active" (shown in the booth Active Sessions list) while it is EITHER:**
+- **open** — entered, no `vehicle_exit` yet (still inside), OR
+- **exited but `now ≤ graceExpiresAt`** — paid and/or the voucher scanned, but still within the
+  walk-back grace window. Because the barrier is unconfirmed, the car is presumed *possibly still
+  present* until grace expires. **Payment and a successful voucher scan do NOT remove it from the
+  list** — only grace expiry does.
+
+A session drops off the list once it is exited **and** past grace (presumed truly gone).
+
+### The one operator action — "Open barrier" (audited re-pulse)
+
+For an active session, the operator can open the barrier as a **human intervention**. This:
+- **re-pulses an exit relay** (resolved site-wide, as the booth exit does), and
+- signs an **`anomaly`** (`source: booth`, attributed to the operator, reason "manual barrier open")
+  — **NEVER a second `vehicle_exit`** (a second exit would double-count occupancy and corrupt the
+  ledger's meaning). It is an audited *re-open*, not a new exit.
+
+**Guard — no payment, no button.** The "Open barrier" action is shown/active **only for sessions that
+have a payment** (paid, or paid-and-exited-in-grace). An **unpaid** open session has **no barrier-open
+affordance at all** — the row routes to the [[#operator-flow|pay/exit modal]] instead. The
+no-unpaid-bypass rule is enforced structurally: the button simply does not exist for an unpaid car.
+(A future reason-required *force exit* for genuine disputes would be a separately-audited path — see
+Open.)
+
+This single mechanism covers both edge cases: a **damaged ticket / dead scanner** (find the still-open
+session in the list → pay/exit modal, or if already paid → Open barrier, no scan needed), and a
+**phantom-obstacle re-close** (the just-exited car is still in the list within grace → Open barrier).
+
+## ⚠ Open question — walk-back grace renews on every payment (voucher overstay)
+
+**Found 2026-06-17. Not yet fixed.** Scenario: customer pays at the booth, takes an exit voucher,
+then dawdles past the walk-back grace before reaching the exit.
+
+What the code does today (`exit-flow.ts`, `pay-station.ts`):
+- The exit reader's grace check is `now − paidAt ≤ graceExitMin`, reading **the latest payment's**
+  `graceExitMin`. Over the window → exit **refuses** ("top-up required"). ✓ *Correct — no free exit.*
+- The re-quote (`computeFee(enteredAt, now, …)`) always prices from **entry**, never from the last
+  payment. So a top-up charges the **full** entry→now fee (minus what's paid is implicit via the
+  ledger). ✓ *Correct — the timer does NOT restart; the customer pays the true total.*
+- BUT every `payment` writes its own `graceExitMin`, and the exit flow reads the **latest** one — so
+  **each top-up grants a fresh, full grace window.** ✗ *This is the bug.*
+
+**The leak is time, not money.** It is not a free-exit hole (the fee always catches up from entry).
+But the grace window — meant as a one-time walk-from-pay-to-gate allowance — is re-granted in full on
+every payment, so a customer could pay → wait → pay a tiny delta → get another full window → repeat,
+riding the gap between "paid" and "next increment accrues." With coarse [[tariff]] increments the
+abuse is bounded but real.
+
+**Candidate fixes (business call — fairness vs. anti-abuse):**
+1. **Grace on top-up only when the top-up charged new money** (recommended). Kills the "tiny delta
+   forever" loop while staying fair to a genuine overstay; re-price stays from entry.
+2. **Single non-renewing window** anchored to the FIRST payment — cleanest anti-abuse, but can unfairly
+   trap someone who legitimately paid, walked, then hit a slow elevator after a top-up.
+3. **Cap total grace** granted per session regardless of payment count.
+
+Decided halves: **refuse-on-expiry** and **reprice-from-entry** are deliberate and correct. The
+**grace-renews-fully-per-payment** consequence was an unintended side effect of reading `graceExitMin`
+off the latest payment. See [[tariff]] (walk-back grace) for the pricing side of the same question.
+
+## As-built / open
+- Backend: `GET /api/session/:identity` (lookup + quote), `POST /api/exit { identity }` (validated
+  booth exit), `site_config.exit_voucher_default`. Exit validation shared between the booth and the
+  reader path (one code path, two triggers).
+- **Open: walk-back grace renews on every payment** — see the flagged section above (voucher overstay
+  re-grants a full grace window; pick a fix before production).
+- Voucher print = reprint the ticket id barcode on the booth printer ([[ticket-encoding]]).
+- Open: a force-open **override** (lost ticket / equipment fault) — deferred; would be a separately
+  audited signed event, not folded into the validated path.

wiki/concepts/capacity-occupancy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, domain, business, occupancy]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-15
+status: open
+---
+
+# Capacity & Occupancy
+
+How many vehicles are inside, how many spaces remain, and what happens when the lot is full.
+
+## Occupancy is a projection (like everything else)
+
+`occupancy = count(open [[parking-session|sessions]])` — an entry with no matching exit. It is a
+**fold over the signed [[append-only-event-chain]]**, never a hand-maintained counter (a counter is
+editable and drifts; the chain is the truth). Spaces-free = `capacity − occupancy`.
+
+- **`capacity`** is admin-set per site (and per **zone/level** if the lot has sections — model a
+  `zone` on capacity + on the entry so multi-level is a later addition, not a rewrite).
+- Permit concurrency (`maxConcurrent`, see [[permit]]) is the same kind of fold, scoped to one
+  permit's open sessions.
+
+## Full → refuse entry + FULL sign
+
+- When `occupancy ≥ capacity`, the entry flow **refuses** (no `vehicle_entry`, no barrier open) and
+  can drive a **"FULL" sign** (a relay/output, via the device adapter layer).
+- **Safety/policy nuance:** "full" blocks *entry* only — **exit always works** ([[fail-state-safety]]:
+  exit fails open; never trap a vehicle). Permit holders may be allowed in past a "transient full"
+  threshold (reserve spaces for subscribers) — an optional policy knob.
+- **Counting drift is real:** tailgating (two cars, one entry) and missed reads make the live count
+  diverge from physical reality. The count is the *system's* occupancy; periodic ground-truth (a
+  loop count, or the [[opencv-anpr-service|vision]] count) reconciles it — surfaced as an anomaly,
+  not silently corrected.
+
+## "Full" is a soft, operator-configurable policy
+
+Refusing at capacity is the **default**, not an absolute. An operator may opt into
+**[[valet-overcapacity|valet over-capacity]]** — accept the car into operator custody (keys handed
+over, stacked beyond the marked count) instead of refusing. So the FULL gate is a policy knob
+(refuse vs. valet-accept), set by the operator per site. Valet is a manned-mode feature with its
+own custody/session shape — see [[valet-overcapacity]] (deferred).
+
+## As-built (2026-06-16)
+
+- **Occupancy** = `occupancyCount` (`apps/server/src/occupancy.ts`): a fold over the ledger —
+  entries minus exits per identity, count those `> 0`. `getOccupancy` returns `{count, capacity,
+  free, full}`.
+- **Capacity** is a single-row `site_config` table (admin-set; `null` = uncapped). Routes
+  (`routes/site.ts`): `GET /api/occupancy` + `GET /api/site-config` (any role), `PUT /api/site-config`
+  (admin; non-negative int or null).
+- **FULL gate** is in the **transient entry flow**: `occupancy.full` → refuse (no ticket, no
+  `vehicle_entry`, no open) + signed `anomaly`. **Permit entry is NOT gated** here — subscribers are
+  admitted past transient-full (their own `maxConcurrent` still applies); occupancy can read
+  over-capacity (`free` negative) when permits enter a full lot, as intended.
+- **UI** `SiteSettings`: live occupancy + FULL badge (everyone); capacity editor (admin).
+- Verified: fill to cap → 3rd transient refused; permit still admitted past full; exit frees a
+  slot; RBAC (operator can't set capacity); verifyChain ok. Physical FULL-sign relay output is
+  **deferred** (needs a sign device).
+
+## Open
+
+- Zone/level granularity at launch vs. single capacity number.
+- Reserve-for-permits **threshold** (a soft transient cap below the hard capacity) — currently
+  permits are simply ungated; a tunable threshold is the richer version.
+- Physical FULL-sign relay output (a sign-device role).
+- The valet over-capacity mode + custody model ([[valet-overcapacity]]).

wiki/concepts/clock-integrity.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, security, integrity, offline-first, anti-fraud]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-15
+status: open
+---
+
+# Clock Integrity
+
+Fees are a function of **time** ([[tariff]]: `fee = f(enteredAt, asOf)`), and the event chain is
+ordered/timestamped. So **the host clock is part of the trust model** — and on an offline appliance
+([[offline-first]], no NTP guarantee) it's a real attack surface, fitting the
+[[threat-model|operator-as-adversary]] frame:
+
+- **Backdating to cut a fee** — wind the clock back so a long stay computes as short, or so an exit
+  timestamps before its entry.
+- **Forward/backward jumps** that corrupt durations, the rolling-24h cap, or shift boundaries
+  ([[shift]]).
+- An operator with host access changing the system time deliberately.
+
+## What protects it
+
+- **Monotonic chain order is independent of wall-clock.** The [[append-only-event-chain]] `index`
+  is strictly increasing regardless of timestamps, so **reordering** is caught even if timestamps
+  are forged. But the *durations* used for pricing still rely on the wall clock — so:
+- **Detect clock anomalies and record them as events.** A timestamp that goes **backwards** between
+  consecutive chain events, or jumps implausibly, is an `anomaly` (the type already exists) — signed
+  and surfaced to [[reconciliation]], not silently accepted.
+- **Hardware-backed time where possible.** A battery-backed RTC on the appliance; the
+  [[atecc608]]/secure element and [[disk-os-hardening]] reduce casual tampering. An operator
+  changing time should require privilege the booth login doesn't have.
+- **Opportunistic trusted sync** when a [[reconciliation]] channel is briefly online (the same
+  USB/hotspot path) — set/check the clock against an external authority, log any correction as an
+  event.
+
+## Stance
+
+Like the rest of the system: **prevention (hardened host, privileged-only time change) first,
+detection (anomaly on clock regression, reconciliation) as the backstop.** The clock can't be made
+unforgeable on an offline box, but a forged clock can be made **visible**.
+
+## Open
+
+- RTC / time source on the chosen appliance ([[bom]]).
+- Tolerance thresholds for "implausible" jumps before flagging.
+- Whether to hard-refuse an event on a backwards clock vs. record-and-flag (record-and-flag matches
+  the append-only ethos — never drop).

wiki/concepts/device-adapter-pattern.md

@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ principle. The choice of *which* adapter to trust is the [[trust-boundary]] deci
 
 > **In practice** the adapters are made *selectable*: a [[device-registry]] catalogs the
 > supported drivers (ZKTeco / ESP32 relay, Wiegand / TCP-IP readers, Hikvision / Dahua cameras),
-> and the admin assigns one per lane during [[first-run-setup]]. Adding hardware support = one
+> and the admin assigns instances during [[first-run-setup]]. Adding hardware support = one
 > more registered driver, no business-logic change. (The implemented interfaces add a
 > `CameraDevice` for entry/exit snapshots alongside reader/relay/printer.)

wiki/concepts/device-discovery.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ replies), so the driver **serializes** all controller I/O. Override the broadcas
 2. Admin clicks **Scan** → `GET /api/setup/discover/:driverId` (admin-only).
 3. The server runs `discover()` and **health-checks each found device** so the admin sees
    reachability before assigning.
-4. Selecting a result **auto-fills serial + host**; the admin then assigns it to a lane.
+4. Selecting a result **auto-fills serial + host**; the admin then assigns + binds it.
 
 ## Deployment notes
 

wiki/concepts/device-events.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, devices, monitoring, telemetry]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-15
+status: open
+---
+
+# Device Events (telemetry)
+
+The **unsigned** operational record of what the hardware did and reported — distinct from the
+signed business [[append-only-event-chain|ledger]] (see [[event-streams-split]]). For monitoring,
+diagnostics, and live booth status — **not** anti-fraud.
+
+## What lands here
+
+- **Relays/barriers:** relay fired/released, pulseOpen issued (the *device-side* echo; the
+  authoritative `barrier_open_command` is a signed ledger event).
+- **Printers:** paper-out / near-end / cover-open / cutter / offline (already polled —
+  [[printer-status-monitoring]]).
+- **Cameras:** reachable/offline, snapshot success/failure ([[lpr-camera]]).
+- **Readers / inputs:** a raw read, raw input edges (Dingtian button `input N on/off` —
+  [[device-input-flow]]).
+
+## Properties
+
+- **Unsigned, not chained** — no `prevHash`/`signature`. It's telemetry, so it carries none of the
+  ledger's integrity machinery.
+- **Disposable** — high-volume and churny; **may rotate/prune** on a retention policy (the ledger
+  never does).
+- **Device-keyed** — references the `devices` instance (raw device provenance). No `lane`
+  (pool-of-spaces model — see [[entry-exit-points]]).
+
+## The boundary that matters
+
+A device event is *evidence the host saw something happen*; it does **not** by itself authorize or
+record a business fact. A button press here becomes a **signed `vehicle_entry`** in the ledger only
+after the entry flow runs (ticket + barrier command). This keeps device chatter on the device side
+of the [[device-adapter-pattern|adapter boundary]] and the signed ledger focused on money/access.
+
+## Open
+
+- Retention/rotation policy (size- or age-based).
+- Whether any witness-grade device fact (e.g. a loop-sensor `barrier_open_observed`) should *also*
+  write a signed ledger entry for [[reconciliation]] — see [[append-only-event-chain]].

wiki/concepts/device-input-flow.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ neither is the real boundary:
 
 - **Relay control (host → device)** — UDP, now via the Dingtian **binary protocol on :60000 with a
   `relay_pw`** (the only authenticated relay option; the string protocol has none). Set on the
-  device + stored in `lane_devices` by the harden step (below).
+  device + stored in `devices` by the harden step (below).
 - **Input push (device → host)** — guarded by **HTTP Digest auth** + a **source-IP allowlist**.
 - **The real guarantee is the signed log:** every barrier open is a host decision, recorded as a
   signed event BEFORE the relay fires ([[append-only-event-chain]]). An out-of-band open (which a
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fix preconditions (disable `input_link_relay`) → **harden** → set up input p
 capability ([[device-registry|HardenableDevice]]):
 
 - **Sets a random `relay_pw`** (1–9999) so binary relay commands need it; stores it in
-  `lane_devices` so the backend can keep commanding the relay.
+  `devices` so the backend can keep commanding the relay.
 - **Disables unused protocol channels** (rs485, can, tcp×2, mqtt → `p:255`), keeping only UDP1
   binary (relay control) + UDP2 string (status read) — fewer open doors.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ the clear. We **empirically tested the device** to pick the strongest achievable
 → **HTTP Digest** (MD5, qop=auth). The password is never sent (only a nonce-keyed hash); nonces
 are **single-use** (replay resistance). Per-device credentials (`pushUser`/`pushPassword`) are
 generated by the backend on **device assign**, written to the device's `input_link_url` config,
-and stored in `lane_devices` — the admin never types a URL or secret. HTTPS would be stronger but
+and stored in `devices` — the admin never types a URL or secret. HTTPS would be stronger but
 the device can't do it here; Digest + the signed log is the practical answer on a flat network.
 See `apps/server/src/digest-auth.ts`.
 

wiki/concepts/device-registry.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ updated: 2026-06-15
 How the system goes from "device-agnostic in principle" ([[device-adapter-pattern]]) to
 "**admin picks the device at setup**" in practice. A **registry** holds a catalog of supported
 **drivers**, grouped by category; the [[first-run-setup]] UI reads it so an
-operator can choose a device per lane and fill in its connection config.
+operator can choose a device and fill in its connection config.
 
 > Implementation-derived (from `packages/devices`), not the source doc.
 
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ driver; **no business-logic change** — this is the [[device-adapter-pattern]]
 
 ## Why a registry (not hard-coded wiring)
 
-- The admin chooses between **multiple devices per category** at install time, per lane
-  (mirrors the "mixable per lane" principle — see [[trust-boundary]], [[entry-exit-readers]]).
+- The admin chooses between **multiple devices per category** at install time
+  (a controller's relays mix entry/exit; readers bind to them — see [[entry-exit-points]],
+  [[trust-boundary]], [[entry-exit-readers]]).
 - Config is **validated against the driver's declared fields** before persisting.
-- Selections persist in the `lane_devices` table and drive runtime adapter construction.
+- Selections persist in the `devices` table and drive runtime adapter construction.
 - Drivers may optionally implement **[[device-discovery]]** (`discover()`), so the admin can scan
   the LAN instead of typing connection details — no current driver uses it (the UHPPOTE did,
   before removal; the [[dingtian-relay]] uses a fixed IP).

wiki/concepts/entry-exit-points.md

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+---
+type: concept
+tags: [parking, architecture, devices, setup]
+sources: []
+updated: 2026-06-16
+---
+
+# Entry / Exit Points (pool-of-spaces model)
+
+A parking lot is **one pool of spaces** with a flexible set of **entry points** and **exit
+points** — any number of each, in any combination (1 in + 1 out, 1 in + 2 out, 2 in + 1 out, …).
+There is **no "lane"** concept anywhere in the system (dropped 2026-06-16 — see below).
+
+## Direction lives on the relay, not the controller
+
+An access controller (e.g. a [[dingtian-relay]] board) has **several relays** — each relay opens
+one barrier. Direction is a property of **each relay**, declared in the controller's config:
+
+```jsonc
+// access `devices` row — one Dingtian board
+config: {
+  host: "192.168.1.100",
+  relays: [
+    { relay: 1, direction: "entry", button: 1 },  // entry barrier; entry button on input 1
+    { relay: 2, direction: "exit" }               // exit barrier; opened by a reader, no button
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+- `direction`: `entry` | `exit` | `both` (`both` = one barrier/relay serving in and out).
+- `button`: the **input terminal** the transient **entry button** is wired to. Only entry/both
+  relays have one. Absent = no button at that barrier (subscriber/reader-driven only).
+
+The four real layouts all fall out of this:
+
+| Layout | Controllers | Relays |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 1 barrier, both directions | 1 | `{relay:1, both, button:1}` |
+| 2 barriers, 1 board | 1 | `{relay:1, entry, button:1}`, `{relay:2, exit}` |
+| 2 barriers far apart | 2 | board A `{relay:1, entry}`, board B `{relay:1, exit}` |
+| 1 entry + 2 exit | 3 | A entry; B, C each exit |
+
+## Readers / cameras BIND to a relay
+
+A reader or camera points at the barrier it physically sits at, via its config:
+
+```jsonc
+config: { ...readerConfig, controllerId: "<access devices.id>", relay: 2 }
+```
+
+Its **direction is inherited** from that relay. So an exit read opens **exactly that relay** —
+no ambiguity even with multiple exit barriers ("the relay at that reader", decided 2026-06-16).
+Binding is optional: an unbound device falls back to a `config.direction` + the first relay
+site-wide of that direction (keeps the single-barrier case trivial). LPR is a snapshot sink —
+an ANPR service ([[opencv-anpr-service]]) POSTs the plate as a `plate` read to the reader
+endpoint, flowing through the same dispatcher.
+
+## Resolution (one module: `apps/server/src/device-resolve.ts`)
+
+- **Button press** → `relayForButton(controllerId, terminal)` → the entry relay whose `button`
+  matches → entry flow → `pulseOpen(relay)`.
+- **Reader/permit/LPR read** → `relayForDevice(reader)` → the bound relay → `pulseOpen(relay)`;
+  direction inherited.
+- **Snapshots** → `devicesByDirection("camera", dir)` → every camera serving that direction.
+
+A directional barrier that contradicts the car's open-session state (an exit barrier scanned by a
+car not inside, or an entry barrier by a car already in) is a wrong-barrier / [[anti-passback]]
+refusal. A `both` relay defers to session state.
+
+## The flows
+
+| Flow | Trigger | Opens |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| Transient entry | entry **button** press | the entry relay (button-mapped) → ticket prints |
+| Transient exit | voucher scan at exit reader | the exit relay (reader-bound), if paid+grace |
+| Subscriber entry | QR/RFID/plate at entry reader | the entry relay (reader-bound), if permit valid |
+| Subscriber exit | QR/RFID/plate at exit reader | the exit relay (reader-bound), if permit valid |
+
+Every open also fires a [[camera snapshot|append-only-event-chain]] (async, never blocks the open).
+
+## Why no lane
+
+"Lane" was a leftover from a rows-of-gates mental model. It added nothing here:
+
+- **Occupancy** is a site-wide fold over the ledger (entries − exits); it never grouped by lane.
+- **Device grouping** is now done by the reader→relay binding, far more precisely than a lane key.
+- **Anti-fraud** doesn't use it — the signed chain, the "open must match a signed event" check,
+  and [[reconciliation]] all work on *what happened*, not *which gate*. The relay's direction
+  already catches an exit firing an entry barrier, better than a lane number would.
+
+Dropping it removed `lane` from `ledger_events`, `device_events`, `sessions`, and the device
+table (renamed `lane_devices` → `devices`). Because `lane` was part of the **signed canonical
+form**, this is a versioned change: the canonical array no longer includes lane, and the signer
+keyId bumped `sw-hmac-v1` → `sw-hmac-v2`. v1 events won't verify under v2 — intentional, gated by
+each event's stored `keyId` (done pre-deployment, on throwaway data, so zero real cost). See
+[[append-only-event-chain]].
+
+## Camera snapshots (evidence, not a gate)
+
+Captured **after** the barrier opens, **never awaited** — a camera failure can't delay or block an
+open (the signed ledger is the decision). Stored as a **BLOB in the `snapshots` table** (single
+backed-up DB, nothing scattered on disk), in its own table so hot telemetry scans don't drag image
+bytes and images prune independently. Linked to the signed `vehicle_entry/exit` by `identity`.
+Served read-only via `GET /api/snapshots/:id`. **Retention is unresolved** — see [[open-questions]].
+
+## Related
+
+[[entry-exit-readers]] · [[device-events]] · [[parking-session]] · [[anti-passback]] ·
+[[append-only-event-chain]] · [[barrier-not-a-door]] · [[opencv-anpr-service]] ·
+[[dingtian-relay]] · [[first-run-setup]]

wiki/concepts/entry-exit-readers.md

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ There are **two populations** of users, and they map to **two integration paths*
 | [[wiegand]] reader → UHPPOTE port | The controller | Controller (onboard card list) | **Yes** — works if host down |
 | Pure TCP/IP reader | Host only | Host, then UDP `open` to relay | No — host on critical path |
 | [[lpr-camera|LPR]] / QR scanner | Host only | Host | No |
+| **[[gee-qr-er80]] QR reader (serial)** | Host only | Host (reads serial → `read` bus) | No |
+
+> Concrete host-side reader on hand: the **[[gee-qr-er80]]** (QR over RS-232/RS-485). Note autonomy
+> is moot here anyway — the current relay ([[dingtian-relay]]) has **no onboard card list**, so even
+> a Wiegand reader would be host-decided. So we take the serial/QR path straight to the host's
+> `read` bus.
 
 ## Key points
 
@@ -32,6 +38,10 @@ There are **two populations** of users, and they map to **two integration paths*
   keeps autonomy + native event log.
 - **Both models can share one relay** (valid Wiegand read **or** host `open` in "controlled"
   mode), so one lane serves permit + casual.
+- **Each reader BINDS to a controller relay** (`config.controllerId` + `relay`) — the barrier it
+  sits at — and inherits that relay's direction (entry/exit/both). An exit read opens exactly that
+  relay; an entry read the entry relay. This is how separate in/out readers are disambiguated, with
+  no "lane". See [[entry-exit-points]].
 - **Host-in-the-loop is good for fraud detection** — two independent records (host's signed
   [[append-only-event-chain]] entry + the UHPPOTE remote-open event) should reconcile 1:1; any
   mismatch is an anomaly.