docs/wiki/sources/teltonika-data-sending-protocols.md

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title	type	created	updated	sources	tags	source_path	source_url	source_kind
Teltonika Data Sending Protocols (official wiki)	source	2026-04-30	2026-04-30	teltonika-data-sending-protocols	teltonika protocol canonical reference	raw/Teltonika Data Sending Protocols - Teltonika Telematics Wiki.md	https://wiki.teltonika-gps.com/view/Teltonika_Data_Sending_Protocols	article

Teltonika Data Sending Protocols

Official Teltonika Telematics wiki page documenting all codec families: data-sending (8, 8E, 16), GPRS command (12, 13, 14, 15), and SMS-based (24-position, binary SMS). Canonical reference; supersedes our internal summaries where they conflict.

TL;DR

The complete codec inventory: Codec 8 (0x08), 8 Extended (0x8E), 16 (0x10) for device-to-server telemetry; Codec 12 (0x0C), 13 (0x0D), 14 (0x0E), 15 (0x0F) for GPRS-message-based device/server communication; plus Codec 4 (0x04) for 24-position SMS and a separate binary-SMS data-sending protocol. All telemetry codecs work over both TCP and UDP. See avl-data-format for the canonical frame structure and teltonika for the per-codec summary.

What's new vs. our prior wiki

This source corrects/extends earlier pages with several concrete details we hadn't captured:

• Codec 16 hex ID = 0x10 (not just decimal 16).
• UDP is officially supported for codecs 8/8E/16 — separate envelope with UDP Channel Header (Length 2B + Packet ID 2B + Not Usable Byte 1B), AVL Packet Header (AVL Packet ID 1B + IMEI Length 2B + IMEI 15B), then the AVL Data Array. Server ACK over UDP carries (AVL Packet ID 1B + Number of Accepted 1B), much shorter than the TCP 4-byte big-endian count.
• Codec 8 Extended has variable-size IO elements (NX section), separate from N1/N2/N4/N8 — IO ID 2B + Length 2B + Value (variable).
• Codec 16 Generation Type is a 1-byte field with 8 defined values: 0=On Exit, 1=On Entrance, 2=On Both, 3=Reserved, 4=Hysteresis, 5=On Change, 6=Eventual, 7=Periodical.
• Priority is an enum with values 0=Low, 1=High, 2=Panic.
• Codec 14 has a nACK response type 0x11 (not just the 0x06 ACK we previously documented). nACK is sent when the command's IMEI does not match the device's actual IMEI. Available from firmware FMB.Ver.03.25.04.Rev.00.
• Codec 13 is Device→Server only (one-way), Type always 0x06, includes a 4-byte timestamp prepended to the command. Used only when the "Message Timestamp" parameter in RS232 settings is enabled.
• Codec 15 (0x0F) is new to our wiki — one-way Device→Server, FMX6 professional devices, RS232 modes (TCP/UDP Ascii/Binary, ±Buffered). Includes both timestamp (4B, seconds, not ms) and IMEI (8B HEX). Out of scope for our deployed FMB/FMC/FMM/FMU fleet.
• Packet size limits: min AVL record 45B (all IO elements disabled); max AVL record 255B; max AVL packet 512B for FMB640/FMB641/FMC640/FMM640, 1280B for other devices.
• AVL ID range: AVL IDs > 255 are only available in Codec 16 (and, by inference from the spec, Codec 8E with its 2-byte IO ID width).
• Coordinate encoding: Lat/Lon are 4-byte integers built from ((d + m/60 + s/3600 + ms/3600000) × 10⁷) per axis. Negative coords use two's complement — first bit = sign. Speed = 0x0000 when GPS data is invalid.
• CRC scope is precisely "from Codec ID to second Number of Data" (we had said roughly "the data section"). CRC is CRC-16/IBM, lower 2 bytes of the 4-byte field carry the value.
• Codec 12 GPRS command session prerequisite: device must have sent AVL data and received a correct ACK before commands can be sent over the same socket. Recommended Active datalink timeout is 259200 (max) so the session stays open.

Key claims (canonical)

Codec table

Codec	Hex ID	Direction	Purpose
8	0x08	device → server	AVL telemetry; 1-byte IO IDs
8 Extended	0x8E	device → server	AVL telemetry; 2-byte IO IDs + variable-length IO
16	0x10	device → server	AVL telemetry; 2-byte IO IDs + Generation Type; supports IO IDs > 255
12	0x0C	bidirectional	Server commands + device responses (ASCII text)
13	0x0D	device → server	One-way command upload with timestamp
14	0x0E	bidirectional	Like 12, addressed by IMEI; ACK 0x06 / nACK 0x11
15	0x0F	device → server	One-way; timestamp + IMEI; FMX6 RS232 modes only
4	0x04	SMS (one-way)	24-position daily SMS, bit-field compressed

AVL outer envelope (TCP, codecs 8/8E/16)

[Preamble 4B = 0x00000000][DataFieldLength 4B][CodecID 1B][N1 1B][AVL Data X B][N2 1B][CRC 4B]

• DataFieldLength = bytes from CodecID through N2.
• CRC-16/IBM calculated over the same range.
• N1 MUST equal N2 (record count, repeated).
• TCP server ACK = 4-byte big-endian integer = number of records accepted.

AVL record (all three telemetry codecs)

[Timestamp 8B (UNIX ms)][Priority 1B][GPS Element 15B][IO Element X B]

• GPS Element: Longitude 4B + Latitude 4B + Altitude 2B + Angle 2B + Satellites 1B + Speed 2B — total 15 bytes.
• Priority: 0=Low, 1=High, 2=Panic.
• IO Element layout differs per codec — see avl-data-format.

IMEI handshake

Device → server: 2-byte length + ASCII IMEI (e.g. 000F + 15 ASCII bytes for a 15-digit IMEI). Server → device: 0x01 (accept) or 0x00 (reject).

UDP envelope (data codecs)

[Length 2B][Packet ID 2B][Not Usable Byte 1B] | [AVL Packet ID 1B][IMEI Length 2B = 0x000F][IMEI 15B] | [AVL Data Array (same as TCP)]

UDP server ACK: [Length 2B = 0x0005][Packet ID][Not Usable 1B] | [AVL Packet ID 1B][Number of Accepted 1B].

Codec 12 message structure

[Preamble 4B][DataSize 4B][CodecID 0x0C][CmdQty1 1B][Type 1B][CmdSize 4B][Command X B][CmdQty2 1B][CRC 4B]

• Type: 0x05 for command (server → device), 0x06 for response (device → server).
• CRC-16/IBM from CodecID through CmdQty2.
• Command/Response field is ASCII text encoded as HEX (e.g. getinfo → 67 65 74 69 6E 66 6F).

Codec 14 specifics

[...][CodecID 0x0E][CmdQty 1B][Type 1B][Size 4B = command + 8 IMEI][IMEI HEX 8B][Command X B][CmdQty 1B][CRC 4B]

• IMEI is encoded as 8-byte HEX (e.g. IMEI 123456789123456 → 01 23 45 67 89 12 34 56).
• Type 0x06 = ACK (IMEI matched, command executed); Type 0x11 = nACK (IMEI mismatch, command rejected).
• Available from FMB.Ver.03.25.04.Rev.00.

Notable quotes

"Note that the GPRS session should remain active between the device and server, while GPRS commands are sent. For this reason, active datalink timeout (global parameters in device configuration) is recommended to be set to 259200 (maximum value)."

"AVL IDs that are higher than 255 will can be used only in the Codec16 protocol."

"If command message IMEI is equal to actual device IMEI, received command will be executed and response will be sent with ACK (0x06) … If the command message IMEI doesn't match … response to the server will be sent with nACK (0x11)."

Open questions / follow-ups

• Codec 8 Extended NX (variable-size IO) parser handling — what shape do those values take in our position-record attributes bag? Likely raw Buffer, length-aware. Needs explicit handling in the parser fixture suite (teltonika-ingestion-architecture §5.6).
• Codec 16 Generation Type — should this be promoted into a typed field in position-record (since it's codec-defined, not model-defined)? Currently we only specify priority; Generation Type is similar in nature.
• Should we plan to support the SMS-based protocols (Codec 4 / binary SMS) for fallback connectivity? Probably not for now — SMS is rare in the deployed fleet, and adding it means an SMS gateway integration well outside the TCP service.
• Codec 15 is FMX6-only and out of scope. But if the platform ever onboards an FMX6 fleet, this becomes a Phase-3 line item.